Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• density (kg·m−3), p is the pressure (Pa), F is the volume force vector (N·m−3), Cp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J·kg−1·K−1), T is the absolute temperature (K), q is the heat flux vector (W·m−2), qr is the heat flux vector by radiation (W·m−2), I is the identity matrix (unitless

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• collagen: specific heat cp = 3540 J·kg−1·K−1, density ρ = 1079 kg·m−3, thermal conductivity k = 0.29 W·m−1·K−1, and thermal diffusivity α = 1.36 × 10−7 m2·s−1. The SRIM determined heat flux is later used as input parameter for the COMSOL simulations and the numerical modelling of the heat equation. COMSOL

• elements in the vicinity of the ion’s path based on the density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat of collagen. 3D numerical solving of the heat equation by the forward-time central-space method The time-dependent differential heat equation (Equation 2) was furthermore solved via a numerical

• results have been stored with millikelvin precision in timesteps of 0.1 ns and have been post processed with ImageJ [33]. The temperature rise was calculated according to the volume, density, and specific heat of collagen. FIB cross-sectioning: 5 keV gallium ions in collagen Multiple cross-sections (15 µm

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• mechanism of polymer composites with physicochemical characteristics such as dielectric constant, specific heat, and vapor pressure [25][56][57]. Our ink-based devices could extract those characteristics even from unknown samples and mixtures. Finally, test analysis using principal component analysis (PCA

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• the initial temperature of water, c is the specific heat of water (4.2 J·g−1·K−1), Q is the sensible heat of water, HLV is the enthalpy of water vaporization, and Ein is the energy of the incident light. Conjugated organic photothermal materials Conjugated organic small molecules Organic molecular

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• corresponding to the continuum of frequencies ω(q) [77]. Their postulation and confirmation arose initially to reconcile deviations of the specific heat of materials at different temperatures from the Dulong–Petit law. The quantized characteristic (Eigen)energies of these vibrations are simply: where ℏ is

• differences in specific heat capacity between the lattice and an electron must be considered. Electrons having a much smaller specific heat capacity compared to the lattice will undergo much higher heating than the lattice as a whole. For example, for differences in the electron temperature (due to the

• Calculations of PT heating metrics, such as the specific heat capacity of materials with added nanoparticles, the conversion efficiency, the rate of heat generated per volume, and the temperatures at different locations across the thermal front require appropriate equations. The PT conversion efficiency for

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• suspension can be analyzed by using the energy balance equation [28][29] as described in Equation 1, where Cj and mj are, respectively, specific heat capacity and total mass of the GNP suspension, dT is the change of temperature of the suspension within the time interval dt. Qabsorb and Qdiss are

• . By combining Equation 2 and Equation 3, the energy balance equation becomes For a nanoparticle suspension, the specific heat capacity and total mass of GNPs are much smaller than those of water and can be neglected. Thus, by only considering the specific heat capacity of water (Cw = 4184 J·kg−1·K−1

• of maximum temperature rise, absorbed power, specific heat capacity (Cw = 4184 J·kg−1·K−1), and total mass (mw = 1.495 g) of the suspensions, the calculated photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of the different GNPs under NIR broadband (BB) and laser irradiation are shown in Figure 8. The

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• as 96.58 mW by using a cuvette containing 2.0 mL of deionized water. The value of hA can be determined by considering the linear time data from the cooling period vs −ln θ as shown in Figure 6b,d. It can be calculated using the following equations: where m and CP are mass (1.8 g) and specific heat

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• viscosity, ρf is the fluid density, α represents the thermal diffusivity, Cp represents a constant pressure for a specific heat value, k0 denotes a chemical reaction coefficient, (ρcp)f represents the heat capacity, DB represents the Brownian diffusion coefficient, Q0 represents the volumetric heat

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• the experimentally measured thermal diffusivity (α) data, the theoretical specific heat (Cp), and the density (ρ) values. These theoretical values were determined by mixing law theory. Cpm and Cpf were taken as 1832.9 J/(kg·K) [3] and 700 J/(kg·K) [30], respectively, and ρm and ρf were used as 964.9

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• a fit parameter. Here, the product A·B is the initial rate of the temperature rise. It is equivalent to the ratio dT/dt in the following equation [49][50]: where cp is the specific heat capacity of the solution (here cp = 4.18 J/(g·K) for water), ms is the mass of the solution, ms is the mass of the

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• rate (SAR). Actually the SAR represents the power absorbed per mass unit of ferrofluid (W/kg). Accordingly, SAR = P/m = c × ΔT/Δt = qp/ρ, where P is the power dissipated in the mass m of ferrofluid. Terms c and ρ are the specific heat and the density of the ferrofluid respectively whereas ΔT/Δt is the

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• effects in such structures, particularly in the case of selenium [34][35]. Segregation of semiconductor atoms in plasmonic metals is mainly driven by the specific atomic interactions which cause the difference in matrix surface energies with and without the solute as well as the specific heat of mixing

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• magnetic heating contribution by using where C is the volumetric specific heat capacity of the sample, mf the dispersion mass, mMNPs is the iron mass diluted in the dispersion and ΔΤ/Δt is the maximal slope at initial time after switching on the heating AC field. In vitro experiments Cell culture. 4T1

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• ] the following equality can be obtained [17]: Here γe denotes the electronic specific heat coefficient, vF is the Fermi velocity of the conduction electrons, and l is the mean-free path of the conduction electrons. Using for Pb γe = 1.6 × 103 erg/K2·cm3 [27], from Equation 1 one can find the mean-free

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• smaller compared to the actual profile at high pulse energies. Laser processing of Au-Si thin-film structure The variations of specific heat of gold with temperature are unknown. Consequently, cp was kept constant at 129 J/kgK in the model. The melting point, boiling point, latent heat of fusion, and

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

•  4d). Higher repetition rates are limited by the setup. In theory, the characteristic timescale of a thermal emitter τtherm solely depends on the mass density ρCNT, the specific heat capacitance cCNT, and thermal conductance g between the CNTs and the substrate, as pointed out previously [11][19

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• amplitude variation of mean applied stress Δσ (pressure) by the simple relation ΔT = −ΓTασ where T is the absolute temperature of the sample, Γ is the material thermoelastic constant, given by Γ = α/ρcp where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, ρ the density and cp the specific heat at constant pressure

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• in the specific heat of the nanofluid. Using LFM, Zeng et al. [3] have reported 38.7% enhancement for 1.0 vol % loading of MoS2 nanoparticles in oil. They recognized that the thermal conductivity enhancement diminishes when the temperature is close to the flash point of the base oil. Based on several

• area of the nanoparticle with the heat source [27]. The non-dimensional heat conduction equation is where Cp is the specific heat capacity, k is the thermal conductivity, ρ is the density, t is time, and T is the temperature. Initially, the temperature of the heat source is 370 K, and the temperature

• Brownian motion can be estimated using where Tnp is the nanoparticle temperature, Q is the heat transfer between the nanoparticles and the fluid, t is the time, Cp,np is the specific heat of nanoparticle. The rate of heat transfer between the fluid and the nanoparticle is measured using where Twm is the

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• to All other parameters, A, b0, and c are not relevant for the determination. Sample details Simulation details For the simulations we used the following material parameters: Gold: Thermal conductivity κ = 320/1.85 W m−1 K−1, specific heat cp = 128 J kg−1 K−1, mass density ρm = 19300 kg m−3

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• rippling for the thin lamellar microphases forming in polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer (PS-b-PEO) films [48]. In particular via an analysis of the ripple patterns, they have deduced local thermochemical parameters such as the melting temperature of PEO, the Tg of PS, the specific heat of PS

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• materials. It has a density of 3120 kg·m−3 and a specific heat capacity of 0.86 kJ·kg−1·K−1. The heat conductivity is relatively low with a value of 2.7 W·m−1·K−1. The compatibility of Cofalit® with Solar Salt and Hitec XL has been investigated by Calvet [26]. The maximum operation temperature of the

• the presence of carbonate elements, using hydrochloric acid, have been determined. Additionally basalt and quartzite were investigated in Solar Salt at isothermal and cyclic conditions up to 560 °C with a maximum operation duration of 1000 h. Furthermore the specific heat capacity of basalt and

• effective heat capacity as will be discussed more into detail in the following section. Sensible storage materials are characterized by the specific heat capacity. The amount of stored sensible heat in storage materials is correlated with the temperature range used and with the specific heat capacity of the

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• , electric conductivity κ and inter-diffusion coefficient D have to be positive. The equations of motion reduce to The equation for the temperature follows from the entropy equation (Equation 64) by using where cp is specific heat per unit mass. With the thermodynamic relation and the continuity equation

Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

• Alireza Kharazmi,
• Nastaran Faraji,
• Roslina Mat Hussin,
• Elias Saion,
• W. Mahmood Mat Yunus and
• Kasra Behzad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 529–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.55

• effusivity of the samples, from which, for the first time, the values of specific heat and thermal diffusivity of the samples were then calculated. Keywords: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); specific heat; thermal conductivity; thermal effusivity; ZnS nanoparticles; Introduction Over the

• technique for these measurements. It has the advantage of being a non-radiative de-excitation process following the absorption of light [17][18]. The aforementioned methods consequently provide the possibility for calculating specific heat (Cp) and thermal diffusivity (α). In this work, structural, optical

• nanofluids in which thermal diffusivity and specific heat of nanofluids were calculated by using formerly known values of thermal conductivity and effusivity, which were acquired by using transient hot wire (THW) and photoacoustic methods. Results and Discussion According to [19], the interaction of gamma

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• /cm2 in a sample of 1 cm2 area) and the specific heat of silicon (710 J/kg∙K), we expected the target temperature to be at ≈500 K at the end of the irradiation [39]. The radiation and the heat conduction losses were not considered in the calculation. The diffusivity (D) of Pt in silicon at 500 K is ≈3

• combination is 846/ion (TRIM calculations). Using the thermal properties of silicon (a specific heat of 710 J/kg∙K and a thermal conductivity of 150 W/m∙K) and electronic energy deposited by the ions in silicon, we expect a spike temperature of about ≈2540 K (within 1 ps and 1 nm away from the ion track) [44

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• coupling factor (g) is given as [9] where De is the thermal diffusivity and Ce is the specific heat of the electronic system, λ is the mean free path of the excited electrons of the target. In the case of metals g is weak compared to insulators such as silica [40]. When a bulk metal is irradiated with SHI