Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• as a reference electrode, CC-CNT@Fe2O3 as the binder-free working electrode and 2 M KOH as the electrolyte. Figure 4a shows cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the CC-CNT@Fe2O3 electrode at scan rates of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mV·s−1, from which visible redox peaks can be seen. The reduction peak at

• counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode, and the CC-CNT@Fe2O3 or CC-CNT@NiO as the binder-free working electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) curves were measured in frequencies from 100 kHz to 0.01 Hz at open-circuit voltage with an AC voltage

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• ) as binder to the N-doped carbon material, which was ground under heat treatment in a mortar. The resulting dough-like material was rolled out to a thickness of 100–200 µm and then cut out to a round electrode with a diameter of 10 mm. The electrodes were dried in a vacuum oven at 120 °C for 24 h. For

• introduced between charging and discharging. The gravimetric capacitance was calculated from the discharge curve via the following equation: with specific capacitance Cspec, cell voltage U corrected by IR drop, and carbon mass of both electrodes m (without binder). Upcycling approach consisting of high

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• . Fabrication of gas sensors ZnO/SiC nanocomposites containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 100 mol % SiC were prepared by mixing components in a single homogeneous paste using a solution of α-terpineol in ethanol as a binder. The sensors were fabricated by thick film technology via drop-deposition of the paste onto

• alumina micro-hotplates provided with vapor-deposited Pt contacts (0.3 × 0.2 mm2) separated by a 0.2 mm gap and with embedded Pt-meanders. The paste was dried at room temperature in ambient air and then calcined at 250 °C in purified air for 20 h to remove the binder. The thick sensing layer was about 1

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• potential was even lower (approximately −0.1 V vs RHE) after treatment with n-butyllithium, suggesting the introduction of new active sites. Finally, a potential use in lithium ion batteries (LIB) was examined. Our material can be used directly without any binder, additive carbon or copper current collector

• as amorphous carbon [8], carbon nanofibers [7], carbon nanotubes [8] and graphene [9]) has already been demonstrated to be quite attractive. Typically, the electrodes are prepared by mixing these composites as active material with a polymeric binder, conductive carbon and an organic solvent to form a

• LIBs, supercapacitors (SCs) are seen as next-generation energy storage devices having a high specific power, fast charge–discharge rate and excellent cycling stability [2]. Freestanding, binder-free electrodes are also of great interest, as they can be used in flexible SCs [26]. In this regard, two

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• perfluorinated resin solution, Aldrich) solution on a 4 mm glass-like carbon disk electrode (0.2 mg [carbon]/cm2, 0.1 mg [binder]/cm2). The reference electrode was a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The electrolyte was a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. A voltammogram obtained in a N2-saturated electrolyte

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• , when exposed to UV light [117]. Other alternative approaches include the direct precipitation of the ZnO from Zn salts in presence of bentonite dispersed in ethanol [124] or the association of ZnO NPs with Laponite® using poly(vinyl alcohol) as binder agent [125]. In both cases, the resulting materials

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• material slurry was prepared using a mixture of the material, i.e., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as binder (15%), conductive carbon (10%) and active material (75%) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent to form a viscous slurry using a mortar and pestle. This slurry was coated on the carbon sheet with

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• binder-free composite electrode, consisting of Ni(OH)2 nanopetals network, Ni nanofoam interlayer and Ni-based metallic glass matrix (Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG) with sandwich structure and good flexibility, was designed and finally achieved. Microstructure and morphology of the Ni(OH)2 nanopetals were

• and then immersing in deionized water for several days, to fabricate a binder-free, sandwich-like Ni(OH)2 nanopetals/Ni nanofoam/metallic glass (Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG) electrode. Ni(OH)2 nanopetals interconnected with each other grow uniformly on the surface of the Ni nanofoam, which shortens the ions

• nanopetals and the Ni nanofoam substrate, avoiding the addition of conductive agent and binder, resulting in highly efficient electron transfer and ion transport. Accordingly, the sandwich-like Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG electrodes with good energy storage performance, high cycling stability as well as excellent

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• preparation Composite electrodes with a composition of 90 wt % active material (Si/C composite, pure carbon matrix or mixture of pure carbon matrix and Si-NPs), 5 wt % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as binder (Walocel CRT 2000 PPA 12; Dow Wolff Cellulosics) and 5 wt % conductive agent (C-nergy Super

• -111; Umicore; D90: 17.0 µm; mass loading ≈6.5 mg cm−2) electrodes with an active material: polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder: Super C65 composition of 93:4:3 wt % and Li-metal was used as reference electrode. A six-layered polyolefin separator (Freudenberg 2190; diameter: 13 mm) soaked with 140

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• ErF3 working electrodes were prepared by coating an (N-methyl pyrrolidone)-based slurry composed of 75 wt % ErF3, 15 wt % conductive agents (Super P active carbon from Temical) and 10 wt % binder (PVDF) on a current collector (aluminium foil). A half-cell was assembled in an Ar-filled glovebox, with

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• . Experimental Synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) The synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) has been described in detail elsewhere [17] and consists of an oxalic acid supported sol–gel process. Binder-free dense LATP pellets as used in this study were obtained by an improved route involving

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• suspension (62%) as a binder. The mixture was prepared using a mortar and pestle, before being rolled out into a 40 µm film, which was dried at room temperature. An Ag/AgCl electrode filled with a saturated KCl aqueous solution was used as the reference electrode and Pt foil was used as the counter electrode

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• carbon, Timcal) and 20% of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) binder (Kynar 2801) by weight in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich). This was coated on a copper foil with a doctor blade (gap height of 300 μm) then oven-dried at 60 °C overnight and roll-pressed with 20 tons. The dried

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• manufactured through a vacuum filtration process without using any additional additives such as a binder. The effect of the different polymorphs, α-, β-, and γ-MnO2, on the structural and electrochemical properties of the manufactured, freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes was investigated. To the best of our

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• where EG was impregnated with epoxy resin modified by Triton X-100, Triton X-15 and MEMO. All Kevlar-based laminates demonstrated improved electrical properties, indicating the possibility to obtain electrically conductive composite materials on the basis of electrically insulating fibers using binder

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

• landfill after being stabilized or immobilized by hydraulic binder [5]. Another technique used to treat the fly ash is thermal plasma. The temperature inside the plasma furnace varied between 4000 and 20000 K. At this range of temperatures, all existing substances will be vitrified, reducing the product

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• diameter RDX are less sensitive toward impact than milled 4 μm RDX, the 200 nm diameter lot is substantially more sensitive than the 500 nm one. As it can be seen in Figure 1, the minimum sensitivity to impact is confirmed when coating the powders with a binder; however, that confirmation might reveal that

• micrometer-sized counterparts. Spray drying is a less energy intensive RDX drying method studied by Patel et al. [36]. RDX and CL-20 were bead milled from water with the addition of isobutanol and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) to stabilize the colloid by dispersion and coating. Then, an unknown polymeric binder

• binder for instance, or would be able to do concomitant or co-crystallization. The production of nanoparticles through wet techniques has become a common industrial chemical process. The European project, Sustainable Hydrothermal Manufacturing of Nanometerials (SHYMAN), aims to increase the production

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• characterization. The obtained Si anode was directly used as the work electrode without any conductive additive and binder. Lithium foil and Celgard 2320 were used as the counter electrode and separator membrane, respectively. The electrolyte was 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• different rough surfaces could be attached using binder clips. A smooth glass surface acted as a control. The slip and fall angles for frogs on all of the surfaces were then compared to the control performance. Surface testing was continuously randomised to reduce any potential effect that fatigue could

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• O-dot formation is represented in Scheme 1, which also demonstrates the appearance of 0.01% O-dots solution under UV illumination. The formation of a fluorescent O-dot requires the presence not only of primary fluorophores, but also of a binder joining them together, for instance, the products of

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• , France Service Laboratoires & Expertise, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France 10.3762/bjnano.7.169 Abstract Zeolite pellets containing 5 wt % of binder (methylcellulose or sodium metasilicate) were formed with a hydraulic press. This paper

• experimental results. This leads to an empirical model for the estimation of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets with 5 wt % of binder. The model was verified by additional experimental tests including pellets of different dimensions created with different applied pressures. The optimum dimensions

• allow for the compression of powders. In the literature, significant amounts of binder is used to shape zeolites, leading to objects (e.g., cylinders, beads) with high mechanical resistance and optimal dimensions [20][21][22][23][24]. In the literature, the use of a hydraulic press to form zeolite

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• for magnetic susceptibility measurements in the field range from +45 kOe (+4.5 T) to −45 kOe (−4.5 T). Electrochemical measurements were performed in a BINDER cooled incubator using a MACCOR Series 4000 cycler (Tulsa). 2D imaging of chemical phase transformations at the nanoscale by full-field

• unaffected by the polymer binder, carbon additive, electrolyte and separator residues, the electrodes were used as is, thus ensuring minimal effects from cell disassembly. In the present work, two electrodes of the same batch but at different lithiation states were investigated. The “pristine” electrode was

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• into the amorphous carbon matrix. When directly used as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries, the network showed excellent electrochemical performance with high capacity, good rate capacity and reliable cycling stability. Under a current density of 0.2 A g−1, it delivered a high reversible

• performance were investigated in detail. As a binder-free LIB anode, the network impressively delivered a high reversible capacity of 875.5 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 1005.5 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of more than 99.5% at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. Results and Discussion

• can be directly used as a binder-free LIB eletrode. Additionally, lithium ions can insert adequately into the network through crevasses between these interlaced nanofibers. Hence, the novel network makes a good LIB electrode. Figure 2a displays the XRD pattern of the sample. The distinct diffraction

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• Si-based electrode. Beattie et al. [54] estimated the CMC binder and carbon quantity needed to fill the holes created during lithium extraction from the Si alloy electrode to be around 66%. It was experimentally confirmed that large capacities and long cycle lives of the electrodes are obtained for a

• 33% Si/33% CMC/33% C mixture. This ratio of active material/binder/carbon was chosen to improve the electrode cycle life of MgH2. In addition to CMC, a derivative binder with a formyl ester group was tested (CMC-f) [61]. MgH2–18% Ct,z/Li, MgH2–33.3% CMC–33.3% Ct,z/Li and MgH2–33.3% CMC-f–33.3% Ct,z

• . The reversible capacities of the MgH2 electrodes as a function of the cycle number are presented in Figure 21 (MgH2–18% Ct,z/Li, MgH2–33.3% CMC–33.3% Ct,z/Li and MgH2–33.3% CMC-f–33.3% Ct,z/Li). From theses curves it is clear that the presence of the CMC-type binder enhances the cycle life of the