Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• mechanical properties of the cantilever beam directly affect the performance, measurement resolution, and image quality of the AFM instrument. AFM probe tips [9][10] are generally fabricated with coatings, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, or even protein functionalization. A combination of probe

• and poorly controlled. Cheng et al. [11] introduced a method to selectively prepare individual carbon nanotubes on AFM tips by controlling the trigger threshold to regulate the growth solution on the tip. The obtained carbon nanotube probes are of suitable length and do not require a subsequent

• can also be used as a nanolight source or nanoscalpel to manipulate and operate on cells directly. Carbon nanotube probe Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered an ideal AFM tip material due to their small diameter, high aspect ratio, mechanical robustness, large Young's modulus, and well-defined

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• durable. Other options for chemically treated superhydrophobic surfaces, such as the use of fluorinated silanes, fluoropolymer coatings, and carbon nanotubes, exist, but are either rather costly to apply and/or potentially harmful to the environment. A much simpler and cheaper option is the fabrication of

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes were demonstrated to have chirality. However, the preparation of chirality-pure substrates still requires the combination of specific carbon nanostructures and homochiral functionalizations [150][151]. Protein misfolding, which may form amyloid aggregates

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• ]. This viewpoint was confirmed by many experiments later, such as the electrical signal generated by the flow of water through single-walled carbon nanotubes [7], carbon nanosheets [8], and nanoparticles [9]. Regarding the principle of this phenomenon, the common explanation is that charge transfer

• improve the efficiency of energy harvesting in MEGs, and a considerable number of studies have focused on nanomaterials [9][21]. The generation of a flowing current through the injection of water flow into carbon nanotubes was one of the initial studies of MEGs [4][5][10][22][23]. Since then, more works

• discussed in detail. 2 Inorganic nanomaterials for MEG 2.1 Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles Among inorganic nanomaterials, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) have been reported so far regarding applications in

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• (PEGDA) [132] and poly(acrylic-co-maleic) acid (PAMA) [133]. It is also important to notice that there are numerous studies describing the use of composite materials containing combinations of various substances, both organic and inorganic. For example, studies involving PLA and carbon nanotubes [134

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• carbon nanoparticles during electrophoretic purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes [1]. Sun et al. synthesized fluorescent carbon particles smaller than 10 nm, which were named “carbon dots” for the first time in 2006 [2]. Due to its significant fluorescent properties, this class of carbon

• glycol [6], phytic acid [7], phenylenediamine [8], ammonium citrate [9], citric acid [10], ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid [11], carbon nanotubes [12], and graphite [13]. Additionally, graphite, nanodiamonds, and activated carbon can be applied as precursor for the fabrication of CDs [14]. Meanwhile

• synthetic pathways for the formation of CDs, that is, “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods. In the top-down method, large carbon structures (such as carbon nanotubes or graphite) are decomposed into CDs. The top-down methods include arc discharge, laser abrasion [24], chemical and electrochemical oxidation

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• , researchers have tried several ways to develop different materials using chitosan-based nanocomposites of silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. The combination of materials helps in the expression of ideal bone formation genes of alkaline

• oxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica was developed to improve bone scaffolds for better bone tissue repair and regeneration [11]. In tissue engineering applications, nanoscale topological characteristics influence cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and differentiation

• and regeneration [14]. Nanomaterials such as silver [15], gold [16][17], titanium oxide [18], zinc oxide [19][20], carbon nanotubes [21][22], graphene [23] and biosilica have been studied in terms of their osteogenic potential in stem cell differentiation. Chitosan materials are often combined with

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• use carbon nanotubes or carbon quantum dots to modify MIL101(Fe) to enhance its conductivity and broaden its visible-light response [37][38]. Another strategy is to construct MIL101-based heterostructures with the aid of narrow-gap semiconductors to promote the separation and transfer of

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• coordination polymer shells, flow syntheses have been used recently [107][108]. The encapsulation of networks can help to regulate the properties of monocrystalline coordination polymers. Bare or modified carbon nanotubes could be modified to allow coordination polymers to grow around [109][110]. This is used

• graphene oxide networks, (c) carbon nanotubes, and (d) boron nitride networks. Figure 4 was reprinted with permission from [111], Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Schematic illustration of synthesis of SOM-ZIF-8. SOM stands for single-crystal ordered

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• , hybrid carbon nanomaterials such as ferrocene-thiophene modified by carbon nanotubes, zinc(II) phthalocyanine-boron dipyrromethene attached single-walled carbon nanotubes were used for the direct detection of pesticides [12][13][14][15]. So far, only limited electrochemical nanosensors modified by

• methyl paraoxon in vegetables [23]. Recently, Jangid et al. (2021) also described the electrocatalytic activity of fenitrothion on glassy carbon electrodes modified with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped activated carbon-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes [24]. Nevertheless, the fabrication process of the

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• metallic catalysts can also be obtained by adjusting metal ions for outstanding electrochemical reactions. In this study, various bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived carbons were designed by varying the ratio of Zn to Co ions. Moreover, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added to improve the

• [38]. Herein, we demonstrate bimetallic ZIF-derived carbon materials to combine the advantages of both ZIF-8- and ZIF-67-derived carbon materials. For practical use, bimetallic ZIFs with different ratios of Zn/Co were directly grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to secure electrical conductivity and

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• ]. Nanostructured materials are widely used as the working surface of the electrode [47][48][49]. The most common are transition metal nanoparticles [33][37][50][51][52][53][54], carbon nanotubes [8], metal oxides [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], graphene [32][33], and ordered mesoporous carbon [38][65][66

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• (carbon nanotubes (CNT), SnO2, TiO2) materials in a gas sensors based on nanocomposite layers with good sensitivity, temperature stability, reversibility, which was operating at room temperature. Herein, we extended our study by applying other nanocomposite sensing layers, namely PANI/ZnO, PANI/WO3

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• structure of the flexible devices. Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [2][3][4], graphene (GR) [5][6][7], nanowires (NWs) [8][9][10], and other flexible materials are the most basic devices for a variety of component and system level applications, such as low-loss switches

• the first time. They used single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to prepare a suspended cross bistable switch array. Table 1 summarizes the structures and the voltage of CNT-NEM switches described in the literature. In addition to bridge and cantilever structures, the vertical structure further

• coating to disperse carbon nanotubes on a substrate by coating with a solution carbon nanotube powder in dichlorobenzene. In addition, a more general solution deposition process is AC dielectrophoretic technology [2][23]. The dielectrophoretic technology requires low voltage, high frequency, and can

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• carbon, silicon, boron, and halloysite clay sheets and possess unique physicochemical properties. Among nanotube structures, much attention has been paid to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) because of their excellent mechanical and tensile strength properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, and high surface

• need to be functionalized through either harsh acid treatment or bioconjugation to increase their biocompatibility. It has been reported that COOH-functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed in hMSC media have the least toxicity to cells without adverse effects on the adipogenic

• rat model [126]. Zadehnajar et al. incorporated 0.5 wt % multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into an electrospun PCL–gelatin (70/30) scaffold and evaluated its influence on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties as well as cell response [127]. The addition of 0.5 wt % MWCNTs into the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• the La Mer model was not built based on experimental observations about the formation of metal NPs. Basically, La Mer and co-workers applied classical nucleation theory (CNT; this abbreviation was widely used by colloidal chemists years before carbon nanotubes became a hot research topic) that was

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• -walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [26]. This is very soft object that can be easily deformed by AFM probe. On the other hand, such a regime significantly reduces the likelihood of tip contamination. AFM image artifacts are often caused by a particle sticking to the tip (see Figure 2c). This not only

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• been observed in semiconductor-based quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4], in carbon nanotubes [5], and in molecular nanostructures [6][7][8][9]. Besides the spin, also other degrees of freedom, for example, orbital [10] or charge [11][12] can give rise to Kondo correlations. For systems with higher

• degeneracy, for example, in the case of fourfold spin–orbital degeneracy not only spin, but also orbital pseudo-spin can be screened. Such SU(4) Kondo effect resonances have been observed in vertical QDs [10], in capacitively coupled dots [13], and in carbon nanotubes [14][15][16][17]. There is currently

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• . This review surveys the diverse possibilities to combine various inorganic, organic, and carbon nanostructures along with plasmonic nanoparticles. Such combinations would allow an enhancement in the overall properties of LED. Keywords: carbon nanotubes (CNT); graphene; light-emitting diodes (LED

• market as they suffer from energy losses due to total internal reflection at the emitter/air interface. Several methods have been proposed to tune the properties of LED. To that end, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been applied to various layers in LED, such

• whereupon the luminous and internal quantum efficiencies of the device increase. However, SPR is very sensitive to the shape and size of MNP, which in turn directly influence the overall properties of LED. This manuscript reviews the effect of carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanodots, carbon nanotubes

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• based on nickel disulfide nanocrystals implanted in nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanotubes. It exhibits high reversible capacity of 650 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A·g−1 and excellent cycling stability for 3500 cycles. Additionally, Kumar et al. [51] described a cathode, based on manganese dioxide

• were synthesized inside carbon nanotubes by the melt diffusion method (Figure 7A) [54]. The resulting capacity of the Na–S battery after 2500 cycles at 1 A·g−1 was 80 mAh·g−1. Likewise, sulfur impregnation of hollow carbon nanocages rendered cathodes of 395 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 for 850 cycles [45

• , nanocarbon materials such as graphene and carbon aerogels, carbon microspheres, and mats, felts and papers based on carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers can also be efficiently soaked with Na and additionally provide bending and rolling flexibility, making them very attractive host materials [19][67][68][69

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• . Lee et al. proposed a based Hg2+ ion sensor based on ZnO nanowires and carbon nanotubes for detecting toxic pollutants [17]. The ZnO nanowire (NW) array acted as power source. When Hg2+ ions were detected, the system powered a light-emitting diode (LED). Li et al. designed a self-powered heavy metal

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• electronic thermal conductivity of this material [72]. Additional defect engineering studies Defect formation in supported and free-standing multiwalled carbon nanotubes upon irradiation with both 25 keV helium and neon ions has also been investigated, since ion (and electron) irradiation can be used to

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• , carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive polymers, and metallic nanowires, have been tested commercially as alternative to ITO films for flexible optoelectronic devices [6][7][8][9]. Amongst them, graphene and carbon materials, particularly CNTs, display low optical transparency and high sheet resistance owing