BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• average crystal size of TiO2 is 25.5 nm, which is calculated by the Scherrer equation [30]. The XRD pattern of BTD shows sharp BiOCl and TiO2 diffraction peaks, indicating a high degree of crystallization of BTD. In addition, when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 °C, BiOCl will gradually

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• well with the cubic spinel structure (ICDD no. 98-003-9131). The crystal size of each sample has been estimated through computational Rietveld refinements using MAUD software [26] (Table 1). Then, the compositions have been checked by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) experiments (Figure 2). The crystal sizes

• diameter and standard deviation were inferred from image analysis of ca. 350–400 particles using ImageJ software and correlated to the microstructural information (mainly crystal size and micro-strain-induced lattice deformation) inferred from Rietveld analysis of the XRD data using MAUD software [26]. The

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• ]. The most pronounced peak corresponds to the separation between the equatorial (200) planes d(200) = 4.69 nm and crystal cross section of L ≈ 2.15 nm, while for the meridional (002) planes d(002) = 3.46 nm and crystal size of L ≈ 10.76 nm [18]. These are the dimensions of the β-sheets, which are

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• crystallite dimension reached a limit coinciding with the film thickness at the end of the calcination process. Combining the plasma time during deposition and the annealing temperature post-deposition, control over the crystal size can be obtained and tailored to meet specific application requirements, e.g

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• be proven by the reduction of crystal size from 65 to 11.7 nm (Figure 1 and Figure 4). This is consistent with the findings reported by Wu and co-workers [20]. As the solubility of liquid paraffin or capping ligands in water is very low, further dissolution of CsPbBr3 PNCs is inhibited, which is

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• several reasons for this. The crystal size in metal layers deposited on Se and Te films is greater than for the Ge-wetted layers and so the probability of a grain being decorated by the semiconductor atoms to the same extent is lower [28]. Secondly, poor adhesion of the plasmonic metals to both Se and Te

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• hydrodynamic diameter equal to 31.5 ± 13.9 nm (Figure 1d) was determined, which is sufficiently close to the TEM crystal size to testify to the absence of gold NP aggregates. Au@alendronate NPs were stable at pH > 4.7 and at least four months after synthesis (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• a graphite monochromator on the diffracted beam. Quantitative XRD analysis (including crystal size evaluation by determination of the coherent scattering region) was performed using the PHAN% and SPECTRUM programs developed by the Physical Materials Science Department of the National University of

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• luminescent Cs3Bi2X9 NCs [159]. A study of single-crystal and polycrystalline MABI showed that both materials have a long exciton lifetime and a high carrier mobility [161][163]. A transient absorption study of MABI crystals showed only a minor change of the exciton dynamics when the crystal size was reduced

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• depends on the connectivity of the grains in highly crystalline nanofiber [113][114]. An opposite trend for crystal size is reported by Landau et al. [142] and Choi et al. [111] who obtained a higher response toward CO and NO2 with larger grain fibers. Moreover, the interparticle distance is also a key

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• , revealing the small size of the loaded Fe3O4 particles. The average crystal size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles estimated with the Scherrer formula is about 10 nm. After the hydrothermal treatment with KMnO4, no new characteristic peaks are detected in the pattern of the as-prepared MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• size and the presence of strains and defects in the crystal [49][50], we made a simplified assumption that the X-ray peak broadening is due to the crystal size only, in order to estimate roughly the crystal grain size by applying the Scherrer equation (see Supporting Information File 1, Section 1) [49

• intensities of HfO2 at 2θ = 30.8° and of (10−10) Hf at 2θ = 36.87° is increasing with decreasing nanoparticle size. This result is due to the enhanced oxidation of smaller nanoparticles due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio. Although broadening of diffraction peaks due to the sample arises from crystal

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• -5). To give more details on ZnO’s impact on the crystallization of BiOI, the (102) diffraction peak is chosen to roughly estimate the average BiOI crystal size of samples B-2 through B-5 by the Scherrer equation (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). The estimates show that the average crystal

• size of BiOI decreases with increasing ZnO, which indicates that the existence of ZnO may impede the crystallization and lead to the exfoliation of BiOI [33]. Y. Tong [36] also reported the broadening and shifting of the (102) diffraction peak of ZnO/BiOI composite samples, which is never mentioned in

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• estimation of an average diffraction zone which is related to the crystal size and, therefore, the particle diameter can be calculated by the Scherrer equation (Equation 1). The obtained values are given together with TEM values in Table 1. where D is the grain size [Å], λ is the wavelength (here 0.7136 Å

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• line width analysis of the anatase (101) reflection peak, the average crystal size of the crystallites (d) forming photocatalysts with the highest (IL:TBOT molar ratio 1:3) and the lowest photoactivity (IL:TBOT molar ratio 1:10), estimated by the Scherrer equation, were determined and summarized in

• Table 2. The average crystal size values of the IL–TiO2 composites generally increased with the addition of ILs in comparison to pristine TiO2. This could suggest that the addition of ILs during the preparation of TiO2 affects the growth of the anatase nanocrystals, forming microparticles. Similar

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• the lower mass density determined by XRR (Table 1). From the XRD peak width of the Bragg peak at qz of 0.9 Å−1 in Figure 3a a vertical crystal size of ≈8 nm can be estimated, which is in the range of the film thickness (≈10 nm), suggesting that single crystalline domains extend through the entire film

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• temperature methods are able to produce highly crystalline CP, they also produce aggregated products of large crystal size and low phase purity [9][11]. Moreover, these processes cannot control the morphology and size of the CP generated. Similarly, although wet-chemistry methods can be used to control the

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• and a larger crystal size, both of which are achieved by increasing the film thickness. Using our bioinspired growth, the density of the grain boundaries changes only very little with film thickness and therefore it is not necessary to increase the film thickness much above 250 nm in order to achieve

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• fabrication of complex-structured composite bone substitutes using appropriate raw materials and a new “ink”. Depending on the processing parameters and conditions, it is possible to achieve materials with adjustable mechanical properties, specified composition, morphology and CP crystal size. Our results may

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• pollutants without being damaged by impact or vibrations. Experimental Materials Two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic zeolites have been chosen to make zeolite pellets: - FAU 13X powder with a crystal size of 3–5 µm and a Si/Al molar ratio of 1.2 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. - Na-LTA powder with a

• crystal size of 3–5 µm and a Si/Al molar ratio of 1.1 was purchased from CECA. - MFI Sicade-2 powder with a crystal size of 3–5 µm and an infinite Si/Al molar ratio was purchased from Zephir Alsace. - BEA powder with a crystal size of 3–5 µm and a Si/Al molar ratio of 136 was synthesized according to the

Coupled molecular and cantilever dynamics model for frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 708–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.63

• than for the Lennard-Jones crystal. Therefore, a different procedure turned out to be more favorable. For the ionic crystals the substrate ions were placed on a regular NaCl lattice with a lattice constant characteristic for the finite crystal size. Then the positions of all surface atoms apart from

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• calibrated using Si powder. The samples were measured in a transmission mode. Crystallinities (Cr) were estimated using integral intensities (sum of areas) diffracted by crystalline (Ic) and amorphous (Ia) phases according to Equation 3: The crystal size was calculated [31] according to the Scherrer Equation

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• ). The calculated crystal size of 14 nm was smaller than the particle size that could be determined by SEM or BET measurements (data now shown). From nitrogen adsorption a particle size of 24.5 nm was calculated. Observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a particle size of 24 nm (d50; σ

Controlling the optical and structural properties of ZnS–AgInS₂ nanocrystals by using a photo-induced process

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Fumihiro Morigaki and
• Tadashi Kawazoe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1767–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.187

• smaller size was increased. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of crystal size and shape Next, we evaluated the size distributions by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, Hitachi H-9000NAR, acceleration voltage of 300 kV) to confirm the variations among the nanocrystals. Figure 5 and