Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• parts with high accuracy. This is commonly accomplished by piezo actuators, for instance, in the form of tube piezos for positioning the tip or optics. For their calibration, we propose an approach based on the dynamic response signal from a fiber interferometer used for cantilever displacement

• detection. The fine-positioning z-piezo of the fiber is calibrated by the analysis of measurements of the dynamic interferometer response signal recorded for various cantilever oscillation amplitudes and varied distances between the cantilever and the fiber end. Furthermore, we demonstrate the cantilever

• that is a periodic function of time. However, it is generally not a harmonic oscillation due to the convolution of the (quasi)-harmonic oscillation of the cantilever with the spatially modulated light field in the interferometer cavity [13]. Dynamic interferometric signals have been studied in the

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• constant during each FEM run, the mesh deformation may not fully reflect interactions where forces evolve dynamically based on spatula behavior. In particular, during loading simulations such as multiscale seta pull-off, this can lead to excessive FE mesh deformation due to missing dynamic contributions

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• enantiomers (+) and (−) experience a different chemical environment is key. Otherwise, there might be a dynamic equilibrium between surface-adsorbed and mobile spin probes without stereodifferentiation. With this knowledge, it was possible to reach higher selectivity values than for the commercial material. A

• extensive description of the enormous progress of liquid chromatography with chiral, stationary phases made over several decades [18]. The author analyzes that a molecular understanding of the recognition mechanisms on chiral surfaces is still scarce, particularly regarding dynamic aspects. Meanwhile

• be misleading if one only looks at the selectivity parameter. There is only one explanation why χads is so low in AlaNH10oSil. It is much more preferable for both enantiomers of 3CP to interact with the solvent (ethanol) than with the surfaces. If there is no dynamic equilibrium between a substantial

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• using dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK) at 25 °C. The measurements were based on a refractive index of 1.34 for the material. Prior to analysis, the samples were diluted at a ratio of 1:10 (βCp/distilled water). The reported parameters represent the

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• dynamic mechanics models relating the contact stiffness of the tip/cantilever pressing into a surface with the oscillation frequency of the cantilever and show that they did not accurately model the experiment. Several material combinations of tip and sample were examined; tip size and cantilever

• technique, spectral analysis of the thermal motion in the deflection of AFM cantilevers has shown promise as a lower-cost, less equipment-intensive mechanism to access the dynamic and time-evolving oscillatory characteristics of the cantilever [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these techniques, the cantilever

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• in sorption 3He cryostat at 0.33 K, Figure 2b. The relatively low value of the resistance ratio (Rd/Rn – dynamic resistance/normal resistance) is associated with the high sensitivity of the interferometer to external noise. NIS thermometers The I–V characteristic and dynamic resistance of the NIS

• load (for example, for ground and balloon observations), such detectors are combined into matrices; the power of incoming radiation is distributed between the matrix elements and, accordingly, the dynamic range of the detecting device can be significantly increased. Deployment at “Big Telescope Alt

• a physical temperature of 0.26 K. The array structure was mounted in back-to-back horn matching structure with an optimum for 95 GHz and corresponding quasi-optical band-pass filters (Figure 9). I–V curves and dynamic resistances are presented in Figure 10a. The resistance ratio is 46, which

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• adsorb onto the nanoparticle surfaces to form a “corona” [21]. This dynamic layer, often called the biomolecular or protein corona, can significantly influence the biological identity and behavior of nanoparticles [22]. Among the factors shaping corona formation, the presence of a PEG layer on the outer

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• -dependent transmission and annihilation is the core mechanism that allows the KICK to function as a memory element or a dynamic routing switch. Beyond primary operational modes, the system exhibits other notable behavior types in specific regions of its parameter space. The M-Mode, for instance, is

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• refrigerator (DR). We operate the microscope with surface-tracking feedback using the two most common imaging modes of dynamic AFM: amplitude modulation (AM-AFM) and frequency modulation (FM-AFM) [19]. One of the biggest challenges of operating an AFM in a closed-cycle DR is the pulse tube cryogenic head

• features in a 1 µm scan field, but has not been tested to atomic resolution. Results and Discussion Force sensitivity and imaging The microcantilever in dynamic AFM operates as a resonant force transducer. Each individual eigenmode is described by a mechanical susceptibility χ, expressing cantilever

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• , ship hulls, and even other organisms [1]. These bioadhesives function under challenging aquatic conditions, including high and fluctuating salinity, and constant turbulence. Unlocking the molecular mechanisms behind their ability to achieve robust, long-term adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions

• crustaceans following molting [23]. This flexibility of the cuticle allows for attachment in environments where rigid adhesion would fail, such as on soft tissues, polymers, or dynamic interfaces [23][24]. Stalked barnacles exhibit significant evolutionary divergence (200–250 million years) from acorn

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• potential cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles within the complex and dynamic oral environment [15][20]. A significant number of selected studies (n = 23; 24.1%) also failed to perform advanced physicochemical characterizations, such as FTIR, SEM, or XRD, which are essential for confirming nanoparticle

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• performed. The results revealed nanodroplets with spherical and oval shapes and a homogeneous size distribution, with diameters up to 250 nm, consistent with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) data (Figure 1c,d). Colloidal and physicochemical stability The colloidal and physicochemical stability of the NEs

• analysis. All samples were prepared in triplicate and data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The NEs composition was described in Table 3. Physicochemical characterization Droplet size, polydispersity index and zeta potential evaluation The droplet size was determined by dynamic light scattering

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• and allows for a dynamic change in electrical properties. Conversely, samples with higher fluence no longer show a significant dependence of resistance on humidity content. This suggests that, at high fluences, excessive carbonization of the material or the formation of a continuous conductive pathway

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• permeability, critical factors for effective oral drug delivery, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, nanoparticle synthesis methods that enable controlled release profiles, optimized biodistribution, and improved therapeutic efficacy are also explored. Thus, polymers represent a dynamic platform for

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• mL·min−1, using sealed aluminum pans (T181206 and T181128). Droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and conductivity Droplet size and polydispersity index (PdI) of the formulations were measured 24 h after preparation using dynamic light scattering with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS ZEN 3600 (Malvern

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• material interfaces under more realistic conditions, which is a critical advancement in material research, gaining increasing popularity across various fields. APXPS is crucial for studying dynamic processes in catalysis, environmental science, and energy materials, where reactions typically occur at or

• observation of catalytic surfaces under reaction conditions. This allows for full life cycle characterization of catalysts, offering insights into surface structure, composition, and dynamic behavior during catalysis. Thanks to its intrinsic surface sensitivity, APXPS is uniquely positioned to probe the

• simultaneously. This is summarized in Figure 5 where the 2D intensity plot vs temperature of O 1s and N 1s or C 1s, for hBN or graphene, respectively, are reported. Time-resolved catalysis Catalysts are inherently dynamic systems. The optimal catalyst should have a nanostructure that enhances activation kinetics

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [118]. Hyaluronic acid can inhibit local recurrence and distant tumor growth when used in immunotherapy scenarios in conjuction with CAR-T cells and anti-PDL1-conjugated platelets [119]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• polyethylenimine for loading peptides and proteins of T. serrulatus venom, and their use as a potential immunoadjuvant was evaluated. The protein loading efficiency of about 100% and the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay confirmed the success of venom loading. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential

• shape, uniform aspects, and sizes compatible with the results obtained by dynamic light scattering. These morphological features are known to influence the biological activity of nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules, directly affecting their release. The release profile of a substance depends

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• scalability remain ongoing challenges. Physical processes Various membrane filtration technologies have been employed to mitigate MP pollution, including microfiltration, membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis, dynamic membranes, and ultrafiltration. Additionally, media filtration techniques, such as sand

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• were conducted under UV light without a prior dark adsorption. This difference in experimental conditions accounts for the variation in degradation profiles between the two figures. After 6 h of irradiation, approximately 96.9% OFL degradation was achieved on the first run. This suggests that dynamic

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• . Third, precise lifetime control remains a critical challenge, necessitating not only improved encapsulation strategies but also dynamic, stimuli-responsive degradation mechanisms. Given the intricate nature of biological environments and the variability of therapeutic requirements, materials used in

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• [9]. Along with liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles have turned out to be an equally dynamic platform. Typically, these particles are composed of biodegradable materials, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or chitosan. One of the main advantages of polymers is that they can be designed to

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , and catalysis. However, challenges remain, such as the need for improved productivity, narrower size distributions, and better understanding of the dynamic processes involved in laser interactions with liquid media. 1.5 Laser-induced defect engineering in liquids Laser-based techniques have unlocked

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• -occurrences, CiteSpace provides advanced temporal and structural metrics, such as betweenness centrality, to map pivotal connections and identify transformative shifts in scientific literature. While VOSviewer excels in intuitive knowledge mapping over time, CiteSpace offers deeper insights into the dynamic

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• by dynamic light scattering. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa) and compared to the free complex 18. While neither free drug 18 nor the encapsulated