High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• convolution functions with simultaneous optimization of the background parameters. The background was simulated using a combination of a Shirley and a Tougaard background. The binding energies (BE) were corrected for the charge shift using the C 1s peak of graphitic carbon (BE = 284.8 eV) as a reference. Gas

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• and Discussion Fabrication of carbon nitride nanotube membrane Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) was chosen as it is formed from tri-s-triazine moieties interconnected via tertiary amines in a well-defined way without doping or modification, composed of only the two earth-abundant elements carbon and

• three peaks at 398.6, 399.7, and 400.9 eV. The C 1s peaks at 286.4 and 287.9 eV are associated to the major aromatic carbon species in the graphitic carbon nitride framework, representing the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in the N-containing aromatic ring. The N 1s peak in 398.6 eV is from the sp2

• -hybridized nitrogen in the tri-s-triazine rings. The peak at 399.7 eV indicates the tertiary nitrogen N–C3 groups. In addition, the terminal amino groups on the surface are also confirmed by the peak at 400.9 eV. All these results are consistent with graphitic carbon nitride powder reported before [28][33

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• . Results and Discussion Concurrent surface etching and SnO2 loading Graphitic carbon paper (TGP-H-090, Toray, abbreviated as TGP) was used as the substrate. The SnPc-derived carbonaceous thin film (CSnPc; obtained thorugh sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of SnPc in a single-step heat treatment in an

• and the discharge processes, as well as a stable cycling performance. A facile and efficient technique based on the nanoscale processing of the carbon fiber surface was presented to substantially improve the VRFB performance. Experimental Materials Graphitic carbon paper (TGP-H-090, Toray, abbreviated

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• technology based on semiconductor materials is a promising strategy for advancing the utilization of solar energy to the level of viable industrial production, such as organic synthesis [1][2], environmental governance [3][4], as well as fuel production [5][6]. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a novel

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• efficiency than conventional nanoparticles [22][23][24][25]. To date, the catalysts that have employed various single transition metal (TM) atoms anchored on the different substrates such as graphene [26][27][28][29] and graphitic carbon nitride [30][31][32][33][34], have presented good performance and high

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• heating at 130–190 °C for 5−20 h. It is observed that hydrothermal exposure of acid-treated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets at low temperature generated larger NFs, whereas QDs are formed at higher temperatures. The formation of GCN hybrid materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction

• conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) edge positions, exhibit efficient charge separation, have a large surface area, and it must be cost effective. Considering the above factors, nontoxic metal-free catalysts, such as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have received wide

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• crystallinity and pore structure of the resulting carbide-derived carbon materials. In this sense, the content of graphitic carbon could be varied from 10–90 wt % as estimated from TPO measurements and resulting in a specific surface area ranging from 1500 to 300 m2·g−1. Keywords: carbon shell; catalytic

• graphitization; graphitic carbon; pore structure; transition metal; Introduction Carbon is a versatile material that has been widely utilized in many applications such as adsorption [1][2][3], catalysis [4][5], catalyst support [6][7][8], molecular sieves [9][10] and energy storage [11][12][13], owing to its

• structure. The reason is that graphitic carbon consists of crystalline sp2-hybridized fractions that induce high electron conductivity. Moreover, an enhanced crystallinity is favorable in terms of chemical stability, which is required especially when working under harsh conditions. Many synthetic approaches

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• -frequency region, the conspicuous maximum at ≈1600 cm−1 is due the stretching vibration of C=C bonds in aromatic or graphitic carbon. The peak at 1224 cm−1 corresponds to stretching vibrations of C–C and C–O single bonds (the ‘disorder’ peak usually found for graphitic material) [56][57][58][59][60][61

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , e.g., MoS2, WS2 [16][17], black phosphorus (BP) [18]), and topological insulators (TIs, e.g., Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 [19][20], graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) [21]). In the PQS regime, such structures enable the generation of nanosecond pulses at high repetition rates (up to MHz) and they are attractive for

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• graphitic carbon nitride [2][3], carbon nanodots [4], and two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites [5][6][7] are a few trending nanomaterials that have already found extensive applications in both environmental remediation and energy generation. In the past, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received a great

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• between graphitic N and pyridinic N. In the report of Parvez et al., nitrogen-doped graphene was synthesized from a composite made of graphitic carbon nitride and graphene sheets, which subsequently underwent heating treatment [107]. Depending on the pyrolysis temperature (800, 900 or 1000 °C), three

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• have a D band peak around 1350 cm−1, a G band peak around 1590 cm−1 and G’ band peak in the region of 2700 cm−1. The first is related to the presence of disordered carbon, the second to the tangential vibrations of graphitic carbon and the third one to two-phonon scattering related to long-range order

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• temperature of the substrate and the substrate material had a strong influence on the morphology of the graphitic carbon nanowall structures. With regard to these results, a first growth model for the deposition of CNWs by ICP-PECVD and aluminium acetylacetonate is proposed. This model explains the formation

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• strengthen the hydrogen binding on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), whereas compressive strain had the opposite effect. Yan et al. [49] showed that large elastic strains influence the catalytic activity of WC for HER. Very recently, 2D SnSe2(1−x)S2x alloys have been synthesized experimentally [35]. To our

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• of the sp2 carbon atoms in amorphous and graphitic carbon, respectively [22][37]. The intensity ratio of ID/IG (I represents the intensity of the D and G peaks) for the hexagonal magnetic mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800 is determined to be 1.02, indicating most of the carbon is amorphous in structure

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• flake size of the resulting HACC-rGO is approximately 10 μm. In Figure 1c, the peak at 1350 cm−1 (usually called the D-band) represents the disordered carbon atoms and structure defects. The peak at 1580 cm−1 (usually called the G-band) suggests the presence of crystalline graphitic carbon. The

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• formation of filamentous and encapsulating carbon. Deactivation of the catalyst occurs over the Ni/SBA-15 sample since a large amount of graphitic carbon species were formed. Application of Mg as a promoter of active metal Elsayed et al. [51] demonstrated DRM over Pt–Ni–Mg/ceria–zirconia synthesized via

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• Ashish Kumar Christian Schuerings Suneel Kumar Ajay Kumar Venkata Krishnan School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India 10.3762/bjnano.9.62 Abstract A novel graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4

• degradation of pollutants has been proposed and discussed. Keywords: CaTiO3; graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4); heterojunction photocatalyst; pollutant degradation; Introduction Photocatalysis is recognized as an attractive approach for environmental remediation and energy generation applications due to its

• 2D–2D nanocomposites could effectively improve the specific surface area and provide abundant reaction sites to adsorb reactant species on their surface, which can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity [15][16]. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which is a metal-free polymeric

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• . Such materials have already been applied in various environmental and energy conversion applications [36]. Recently, the evolution of a metal-free semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), has been discovered as an alternative for plasmonic photocatalysts. This metal-free semiconductor by

• photocatalytically inert due to their unfavourable band edge position compared to the redox potential of targeted species. An effective approach to overcome this restriction was to integrate the nonstoichiometric materials (tungsten oxide (W18O49)) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The g-C3N4 was used to

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• absence of any graphitic carbon (peak position 284.5 eV). As a consequence of electron irradiation the Ru 3d5/2 peak shape changes in a fashion analogous to that observed for the Fe 2p peaks without any change in the integrated area of the Ru peaks. Thus, electron irradiation does not cause any desorption

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• diffraction peaks are located at 9.7, 9.4, 9.0 and 9.8°, respectively, corresponding to the graphitic carbon(001) plane. A broad reflection observed around 25°, which corresponds to the graphitic carbon(002) plane, is due to the small size of the C-dots [41]. These diffraction peaks match well with the

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India 10.3762/bjnano.9.35 Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites (CD/g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method using

• graphitic carbon [1]. CDs possess upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties [2] and are able to harvest long wavelength light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) region [3][4], rendering them promising candidates as photosensitizers in photocatalysis. Nevertheless, the reported preparation method

• state of CD/g-C3N4(0.5). From the C 1s spectrum of CD/g-C3N4(0.5) in Figure 4a, the signals at 284.4 eV and 288.7 eV are found to correspond to graphitic carbon (C–C) and sp2 carbon (N–C=N) [70]. Compared with the C 1s spectrum of pure g-C3N4, three new signals were detected at 284.8 eV (sp2 C–C), 285.4

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• ), respectively. Integrating of the areas of the D and G peaks yielded a significant enhancement in the corresponding IG/ID ratio. Thus, it could be concluded that an increased calcination temperature led to the formation of significant amounts of graphitic carbon. Both the XRD and Raman spectra revealed that

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• consistent with the (102), (100) and (002) diffraction planes, respectively, of sp2 graphitic carbon [28][29]. The corresponding particle size distribution histograms (Figure 1D–F) show the average diameter of the Sa, Sb and Se materials is 4.7 ± 1.0 nm, 2.2 ± 0.5 nm and 7.8 ± 1.8 nm, respectively. X-ray

• . Moreover, a higher binding energy of the graphitic carbon in Sb (284.7 eV) is found compared that of Sa (284.2 eV) and Se (284.3 eV). Increased olefinic sp2 C-bond groups, with shorter bond lengths due to charge neutralization, lead to a stronger interaction between C atoms and higher binding energy. This

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• CNFs (0.87 for oriented CNFs and 1.06 for randomly oriented CNFs), suggesting a higher graphitic degree of ordering of the oriented CNFs. We conducted XPS experiments of some typical samples. The main C 1s peak at 284.4 eV in Figure 4 a doubtlessly proves graphitic carbon sp2 (blue solid line) and is