Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• ) [43][44]. As expected, the crystal orientation of the TiO2/SiNWs catalyst obviously led to the creation of a robust p–n junction photocatalyst. The SEM analysis further confirms the morphological evolution during etching and TiO2 ALD. As revealed in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, the

• . Experimental Chemicals and materials Commercial p-type Si 3-inch wafers (⟨100⟩ orientation, boron-doped, resistivity = 0.01–1 Ω·cm) were purchased from Silicon Mitus Corporation, South Korea. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 0.1 M), hydrofluoric acid HF (50 wt %), nitric acid (HNO3, 63%), acetone, and ethanol were

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance

• applications [3]. The device resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the neighboring aligned CNTs [4]. This configuration allows for high device resistance, low thermal conductivity, and high temperature coefficient of resistance, thus, enabling

• customized specific requirements for various applications. While the thermal conductivity along the CNT orientation is large, it decreases dramatically in the perpendicular direction [5]. This thermal behavior varies significantly depending on structure, density, and fabrication of the CNTs. Single-walled

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• orientation) with a native silicon oxide layer. Samples of 1 × 1 cm2 were used, on to which an array of annular patterns was lithographically defined, by laser lithography and etching using an SF6–O2 dry-etch, to facilitate location of the deposition areas. The substrates were roughly cleaned in acetone and

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• orientation is indicated by the (103) direction. In the high-resolution image, some edge-related defects can also be seen which is common in CVD-grown MoS2 materials [34]. Similarly, the WS2 sample exhibits a flake shape along with a high crystalline nature of the flakes (Figure 5c, Figure 5d). Figure 5e and

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• carried out by molecular dynamics and TEM simulations to investigate the atomic ordering and orientation of the crystal lattice, while a detailed description of the atomic arrangement at the interface between the two metals was obtained using density functional theory (DFT). Experimental In this work, the

• this paper. Figure 2 shows two TEM micrographs. In Figure 2a, it can be seen that the nanoparticles have a Janus-type structure. Their growth in a preferential orientation in the assembly process enabled the formation of this complex and hierarchical structure. In addition, it is observed that, in the

• differences in intensity in the regions of a particle are unlikely to be due to differences in atomic number. We generated images based on the assumption that the intensity has a Z1.7 dependence; only when there is a small orientation mismatch, the Pd and and Ag regions can be distinguished. An example of one

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• additional peak indicates an improvement in the crystallographic quality of these layers. Regardless of the examined films, the preferred (111) orientation remains consistent. Analysis of its position shows a slight shift towards higher angles observed with each subsequent repetition of the HT+RTA procedure

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• orientation (e.g., E100 = 138 GPa, E010 = 263 GPa, E001 = 228 GPa [26]) emphasising directional differences in the mechanical properties of the material. Since our as-grown NWs tend to exhibit various growth directions, as was determined in the TEM studies, this elasticity anisotropy could be one of the

• into the various factors affecting the elastic properties of Ga2O3 NWs, a further study should be performed on individual nanostructures with advanced combinatory methods, such as in-situ TEM mechanical resonance, to precisely determine the geometrical parameters, crystalline orientation, and presence

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• outside world or determine body or appendage orientation [128]. Mechanosensation Hairs, as mechanical receptors, are capable of perceiving and distinguishing a multitude of external stimuli such as touch, vibration, or fluid flows [129][130]. The mechanosensation of hairs relies on the sensory cells at

• the limbs of insects are used for proprioreception or to sense the orientation and motion of the limbs, which helps in their control of locomotion [131]. Furthermore, many insects, such as bees, can enhance their foraging speed by utilizing hairy mechanical receptors to detect physical characteristics

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The focus was on the influence of the steps on the QA structures and their preferential azimuthal orientations with the aim of achieving a selective orientation. After deposition at a

• –24873]. The vicinal surface leads to one additional chain orientation, which is parallel to the Ag step edges. However, most chains nucleate on the Ag terraces between steps with four distinct azimuthal orientations that are identical to those on Ag(100), and which are determined by the interactions

• the azimuthal orientation of the molecules, resulting in a preferential growth of the chains in two of the four azimuthal orientations. We explain this by the adaptation of favorable adsorption sites, which involve the replacement of Ag atoms by QA molecules with specific azimuthal orientations at the

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• full spin valve effect. A shift of the superconducting transition temperature Tc by switching the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic Co layers from antiparallel to parallel amounted to ΔTc = 0.2 K at the optimal thickness of the superconducting Pb layer. Our findings

• structure based on the control of the average exchange field acting on the S layer by changing the mutual orientation of the magnetization vectors of the F layers and, thus, suppressing superconductivity to a different degree. Typically, the superconducting transition temperature Tc of the SSV is minimal

• . Several experimental works confirmed the predicted influence of the mutual orientation of the magnetization vectors of the F layers on Tc in the F1/S/F2 type of structures [4][5][6][23][24][25]. However, a full switching between the normal and the superconducting state was not achieved because in these

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• laterally larger and deeper depression than type 2 (≈23%, Figure 1c). Moreover, type-1 defects occur nearly exclusively (≈100%) at valley sites of the moiré lattice. The hcp and fcc stacking of the valley sites defines the orientation of the triangular shape of the defect, pointing in opposite directions at

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ]. Figure 2 shows the property of ceria nanoplates with multi-antioxidant activities and the relationship between lattice thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100) [32]. Similarly, a large number of different metal-based nanomaterials have been

• thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100). Figure 2 was adapted with permission from [32]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Percent injected dose (%ID) in blood of EaNA and Cy5-labeled human

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• wavelength ranging from 400 to 740 nm (Figure 1B). The ripple patterns are more pronounced and have a preferential orientation perpendicular to the ion beam direction (shown by an arrow on each of the AFM images). The wavelength of the ripples obtained for initial fluences was ≈430 nm, and became wider (≈740

• attributed to the accumulation of defects produced by Ar irradiation. The RBS-c spectra recorded for Si and Ge single-crystal samples pre-damaged with 100 keV Ar+ ions at RT are presented in Figure 5A and Figure 5B, respectively. The RBS spectrum recorded for the pristine sample in random orientation

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• reference, which is a bare Si(111) wafer with only native oxide. In the following, A(Si111) stands for the integrated intensity of the Si(111) 521 cm−1 mode. This reference is preferred to the Si(100) substrate with 90 ± 6 nm SiO2 to avoid the effects of the SiO2 thickness variations and crystal orientation

• ratio, it is of great practical advantage to use the same silicon (the silicon below the oxide, which is Si(100) in the present work) in the measurement of A2D(Si) and A0(Si). A necessary precaution is that the Si(100) substrate orientation has to be kept the same for both measurements. Another

• problems with this approach. The first is the dependence of the Si signal on the crystal orientation and the SiO2 thickness. The second relates to the fact that using this ratio, rather than using each measurand independently and contrasting them, even if more practical, can hide some information. Finally

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• using a wet-etch in potassium hydroxide (KOH). The wet-etch has a high selectivity between silicon and silicon nitride, and KOH etches silicon with different rates in the ⟨100⟩ and ⟨111⟩ crystalline directions. With proper orientation of the cantilever mask to the crystalline axes of the wafer, one can

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• based on their energy of adsorption and orientation. We employ a three-level multiscale method (as shown in Figure 3) to calculate the energies of adsorption and the content of the corona for these proteins on the selected surfaces. In the section “Results and Discussion”, we provide a detailed

• orientation of each individual protein, a primary coarse-graining step was performed. In this part, we use the UA model to predict the protein–NP binding energies. This model takes into account various factors, such as the material’s chemical composition, size, shape, surface roughness, charge

• expressed in a pairwise additive manner: The potential Up−NP depends on the distance di between the centers of mass of the NP and each AA in the protein. This distance is determined by the protein’s orientation with respect to the NP’s surface, which is defined by two rotational angles (ϕ, θ) relative to

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed

• chain, that is, about the particle diameters, the number of particles in the chain, the characteristic distance between the particle centers, and the mutual orientation of the particle cubic anisotropy axes, is completely lost. In addition, in the approach [22][23][24][25], only the position of the

• are calculated depending on the direction of the external magnetizing field with respect to the common axis of the chains; the FMR spectra of randomly oriented assemblies were obtained by the corresponding angle averaging. Various types of mutual orientation of cubic easy anisotropy axes of the chain

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• heating, electrolyte flow [19], arrangement of the electrodes, and crystallographic orientation of the aluminum substrate [20]. In this work, we continuously recorded the reflectance spectra from a PAAO-coated aluminum surface during anodization. In a similar reflective interference spectroscopy (RIfS

• can result in tens of nanometers PAAO thickness variation due to different anodization reaction rates on surfaces with different crystallographic orientation [20][23]. Additionally, it is known, that anodization of aluminum substrates with (100) surface orientation result in better pore ordering in

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• the biosensor surface, in terms of density, orientation, and stability, will determine the diagnosis capability of the device [11]. Thus, the immobilisation surface of the device is one of the key points in the development of new sensors. Nylon has been used as immobilisation surface in numerous

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• study reported that BBR exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA by damaging the cell wall structure and membrane integrity and further changing the cell morphology in the concentration range of 64–256 mg/L [44]. Recently, Wu et al. [45] proposed a novel orientation on the antibacterial

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• project, a TEM substrate with nine free-standing SiN membranes was used as a hard mask. We lay an identical substrate flat on the mask in a flip-chip configuration. The mask is aligned so that all nine windows are on top of each other, and the asymmetrically broken windows serve as an orientation aid

• a 54.7° slope with respect to the etched surface on the sidewalls. Because of the (010) edge orientation of Si substrates, etching occurs faster in diagonal directions of the substrates, resulting in sharp edges on the structure (Figure 11b). Magnetic measurements Setup All TEM magnetic measurements

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• compartments, such as the nucleus, filopodia, and focal adhesions, resulting in the modulation of signal cascades that leads to changes in cell proliferation, attachment, orientation, and differentiation, among others [2]. In nerve tissue engineering, the implant micro- and nanotopography serve as physical

• ), indicating dominance of the nanostructure properties in this direction. In contrast, the CA values were higher and remained quite close to each other in magnitude even after O2 plasma treatment, signifying the dominance of the microgroove properties in this orientation. Despite the relatively high CA

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• ambient air. A DC bias voltage of 1 V was applied to the sample, while the scanning speed was set to 12 µm·s−1 and the scan orientation was parallel to the cantilever’s central axis. The resistance map in Figure 2 was acquired over the central zone of the sample, showing 15 electrode arms corresponding to

• -AFM measurements in scanning mode. To extract quantitative values comparable to those listed in Table 1, the surface of each electrode was individually imaged at different locations using the same operating parameters, that is, scan speed, scan orientation, applied force, and bias voltage. A histogram

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• results show that the Au-fcc borders the Ge(001) surface, whereas a preferred hcp crystal orientation is when the Au(010) plane, or Au() in the Miller–Bravais notation, is parallel to the Ge(111) plane. An atomistic model of the planar interface between Au-fcc and Ge(001) was also proposed. First

• Au lattice constants and three Ge blocks (the resulting mismatch is about 4%). To get benchmark results for this orientation of crystal planes, we consider two different mutual positions of the slabs presented in Figure 6a and Figure 6b. In variant A, rows of gold atoms are placed between the rows of

• interface shown in Figure 6d. In order to match the experimental picture, we need a different orientation of the germanium building blocks (rotation by 90° with respect to variant C). Due to incommensurate Au–Au and Ge–Ge distances, it is impossible to find a regular pattern of Au–Ge bonds in the resulting

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• crystallites, as random sequences of molecules including the DPE monomer (which locally changes chain orientation) would prevent neighboring molecules from forming cohesive extended crystals. This would lead to a mixture of ordered and disordered subdomains with varying alignment, as schematized in Figure 9

• aligned with the fiber axis with significant fibril branching, junctions, and weaving in and out of the exposed surface. Combining topography maps with stiffness maps, we find that locally elevated regions exhibit higher stiffness, regardless of scanning direction, orientation with the fiber axis, or the