Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• and enhances their solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Additionally, the physicochemical characteristics of PLHNPs can be tailored by varying the concentrations of polymers and lipids [16]. PLHNPs can address various challenges associated with phytochemical delivery. The benefits of PLHNPs

• therapeutic effectiveness [17][18]. Additionally, PLHNPs possess the capability to encapsulate and co-deliver two drugs with distinct physicochemical characteristics to a targeted site and show synergistic therapeutic efficacy. In PLHNPs, the lipophilic drugs are encapsulated within the polymeric core, while

• conventional delivery of phytochemicals faces numerous challenges that limit its clinical application and therapeutic efficacy. These challenges arise from the physicochemical characteristics of phytochemicals, as well as from the physiological barriers they encounter in the body. One major challenge is poor

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• drugs can be encapsulated into various drug delivery systems to enhance physicochemical characteristics and targeting success. Many preclinical data show that this strategy can effectively deliver biopharmaceuticals to the brain. Therefore, this review focuses on N2B delivery while giving examples of

• provide significant tailorable release properties to the encapsulated drugs. N2B delivery applications present increased efficacy and safety of the drugs in contrast to application of free drugs [63]. The physicochemical characteristics of the DDSs are important in determining the success of drug carriers

• lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, liposomes, emulsions, and novel hybrid NPs and their potential use as DDSs in N2B delivery (Figure 4). Polymeric NPs Because of their tunable physicochemical characteristics, polymeric NPs are a potential vehicle for different drug delivery applications [71]. They can be

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• TEM analyses Physicochemical characterization was performed using optical spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analyses. Figure 2a shows the synthesized isotropic silver and gold nanospheres with plasmon bands at 410 nm (AgNS) and 525 nm (AuNS). The anisotropic tunable gold nanorods with longitudinal

• CTAB micelles without hampering the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. This weakening of CTAB solves the persistent problem of surface modification or the use of linker molecules with CTAB-capped nanoparticles for sensing applications. In addition, the nanorod size might be

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ions [8][9][10]. The physicochemical changes and interactions undergone by GO in the environment greatly influence the biological effects of this material. Recently, Bortolozzo et al. [11] showed that GO degradation by sodium hypochlorite resulted in the mitigation of GO toxicity to Caenorhabditis

• characteristics made TA attractive to nanomaterial synthesis and functionalization for applications in nanomedicine, sensors, electronics, and composites [25][26][27]. In these different fields, TA has been applied in green alternative methods of GO synthesis and physicochemical modifications (e.g., reduction and

• . Results and Discussion Experimental characterization TA is a relevant component of the dissolved organic matter in the environment originating especially from vegetable organic decomposition [17]. Furthermore, because of unique physicochemical properties, TA has been increasingly applied for GO syntheses

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• preferred for synthesizing oxide nanostructures because of their advantages, such as uniform mixing of precursors at the molecular level, low operating temperatures, and the ability to control the physicochemical properties of the final products [5][6]. Among various chemical techniques, the sol–gel method

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• is maintaining the NP physicochemical integrity when exposed to physiological environments, preventing protein corona formation (Figure 2a) [15][16][17][18]. It is expected that the ZW on the NP surface minimizes the adsorption of proteins due to a hydration layer formation, increasing the colloidal

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• physicochemical properties and diverse potential chemical applications [1][2][3]. The conventional synthesis of AuNPs typically involves the chemical reduction of Au3+ ions using various reducing agents and stabilizers [4][5]. However, many of these chemicals are highly reactive, posing risks to both the

• 0 to 140 min. Physicochemical characterizations of AuNPs@GluN/Alg nanocomposite The samples synthesized under optimal conditions underwent physicochemical characterization and were used for the catalytic reduction of organic dyes. FTIR spectra of blank GluN/Alg and AuNPs@GluN/Alg were acquired using

• gel solution. The resulting solution is heated to facilitate the in situ reduction of Au3+ to Au(0). The synthesis conditions for AuNPs@GluN/Alg were optimized, followed by physicochemical characterizations using various analytical techniques. Finally, the application of the nanocomposite in

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• globular proteins, usNPs exhibit unique physicochemical properties and physiological behavior distinct from larger particles, including lack of protein corona formation, efficient renal clearance, and reduced recognition and sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system. In cancer treatment, usNPs

• last decade, a special class of inorganic NPs, termed ultrasmall NPs (usNPs), has attracted increased attention in the field of cancer nanomedicine [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This increased focus is attributed to their unique physicochemical properties, biological functionalities, and physiological

• , usNPs are therefore more biocompatible than larger NPs. However, it is important to emphasize that the physicochemical and biological properties of usNPs are highly sensitive to NP size and surface chemistry [64][67][68], and usNPs can still impact protein activity, biochemical pathways, and cellular

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• . Physicochemical features such as size, shape, and surface charge play an extremely important role in the internalization of nanostructures. The uptake of nanoparticles into cells requires two steps. The first is the binding to the cell membrane, and the second is the uptake into the cell [34]. The zeta potential

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• in pharmacy and medicine is carbon-based nanomaterials because of their physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties [19][20], as well as their capacity to modify existing drugs. Fullerene derivatives have been proposed recently, particularly those obtained from fullerene

• can be proposed as an orally delivered drug according to its physicochemical properties. According to this rule, a drug compound should have a molecular weight below 500 g/mol, a octanol–water partition coefficient (LogP) below 5, less than five hydrogen bond donor sites, and less than ten hydrogen

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• periodic table descriptors. Future work can focus on developing more diverse molecular descriptors with higher effectiveness. Including additional descriptors that capture other critical physicochemical properties could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving MONP toxicity. The

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• application of nanoscale systems with unique physicochemical properties, including small size, large specific surface area, high reactivity, and quantum effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) [1][2]. Nanomedicine is specifically designated for therapeutics (drug delivery), diagnostics, and imaging, as well as for

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• and pharmaceutical fields. Many review papers describe applications of alginate in the drug delivery field. The current study covers the structural and physicochemical properties of alginate-based nanoparticles. The prospective applications of alginate-based nanomaterials in various domains are

• disease diagnosis, quick detection of diverse drugs and chemicals, and long-term monitoring [9]. In the recent decade, sensor technology has seen breakthroughs thanks to the usage of nanomaterials with superior physicochemical properties [10][11][12][13]. Nowadays, the development of sensors based on

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• because of the efforts required for achieving a homogenous dispersion in an inorganic–organic matrix [22][23][24]. In this short review, we are discussing nanostructured and nanosized carbon-based materials used to improve the durability and physicochemical properties of biological implants as summarized

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• nanoparticles consist of metal elements bonded with oxygen in intricate structures [3][4]. They exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, which have led to their widespread utilization across various industries [5][6]. These nanomaterials are employed in, for example, electronics, cosmetics, and medicine

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• structure of a series of molecules to a biological/physicochemical property or activity, mostly through the use of statistical tools. Once a model has been constructed, it can be used to predict the property or biological effect of new structures quickly and at a very low cost in comparison to experimental

• used for NMs (e.g., “Au nanoparticles”) to refer to a family of materials combining different sizes and/or coating materials that can have different properties. Hence, ECHA defined a set of relevant physicochemical parameters to identify and register nanoforms, including six compulsory requirements

• of metal and oxygen atoms as descriptors in metal oxide models [15][16]. It is also common to find single-element descriptors based on the physicochemical properties of pure elements. The use of single-element descriptors is trivial in single-metal nanoforms, such as silver or gold nanoparticles [17

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• containing antibacterial and tissue-regenerating salts of zinc acetate or strontium nitrate in different concentrations, whose structures may be suitable for developing biomedical wound dressing systems in the future. Several experiments have been conducted to optimize the physicochemical, mechanical, and

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• , cost-effectiveness, and reliability. The use of modified electrodes has shown to improve significantly electrocatalytic activity and electrical conductivity of electrodes. Graphene, with sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a single layer, has gained much attention because of its unique physicochemical

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• systems by architecting atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as building blocks [1]. This interplay at the nanoscale renders a plethora of unique physicochemical properties to nanomaterials. These unique properties are due to the mean free path of an electron in a metal which is ≈10–100 nm at room

• ]. A very recent study reported photothermal effect of gold nanorods of shorter and longer lengths in gel and aqueous media [18]. In recent times, anisotropic nanoparticles due to their unique physicochemical properties have garnered attention among researchers and enabled them to manoeuvre into an

• diffraction (XRD), and FTIR, respectively, to establish physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. Results Synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and zeta potential Anisotropic gold nanoparticles of makura shape were synthesized using seed-mediated approach as shown in Figure 1a. The Au seeds were

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• generation of inorganic particles is a physicochemical approach that claims to synthesize particles without surfactants or molecular additives. In contrast to other approaches of nanoparticle synthesis, LSPC only requires the neat (elemental) target materials while no other precursors or ligand exchange

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• databases Pubmed and SciFinder [63][64][65]. This dataset included 260 preclinical assays for 31 unique NPs. Therefore, the number of assays for each NP is about 8.39. Moreover, the data covered a huge range of properties of NPs such as morphology, physicochemical properties, coating agents, length, and

• reference or expected-value function f(vij)ref and the PT operators ΔDk(cj). Specifically, they are applied for accounting structural and assay information on NDDs and NPs. In addition, the PTOs ΔD(Ddk) and ΔD(Dnk) label structural and/or physicochemical characteristics of NDDs and NPs on the variables ΔD

• physicochemical properties for drugs in order to cross the BBB [89]. High lipophilicity can contribute to excessive distribution volumes, increased metabolic liability, and lower unbound drug concentration in the plasma and/or brain; it may also negatively affect pharmaceutical properties, in particular

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• hydrothermal method was reported [7]. The effect of oleylamine concentration on the physicochemical properties of CF synthesized via a solvothermal process has been presented [8]. However, ferrites exhibit self-agglomeration due to their magnetic nature. Combining different functional materials to prepare

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• has shown significant treatment efficacy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The physicochemical properties of DCS, however, limit the options of formulation and medicinal applications of DCS, and

• ]. Nanocrystals can improve many physicochemical properties of drugs such as solubility, size effect, dissolution rate, and adhesiveness to surface membranes [23]. The limitations of conventional medication delivery can be overcome by advanced drug delivery methodologies, such as transdermal drug delivery (TDD

• polymers can provide gastric protection against gastric-irritating compounds and/or stomach acidity, leading to improved drug release performance. We aimed to fabricate DCS nanocrystals and study their physicochemical and biological properties. The DCS already has great water solubility (Log P = −1.72), so

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• , Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.31 Abstract In this work, various physicochemical properties are investigated in nanostructured WOx thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron

• -stoichiometric compositions and polymorphs, WOx usually behaves as an n-type semiconductor because an unintentional incorporation of a certain amount of reduced W cations is thermodynamically inevitable in these films [8]. It is, therefore, possible to tune the physicochemical properties, such as work function

• observations demonstrate a wide range of tunability and correlation among several physicochemical properties of glancing angle-deposited WOx films, which is due to serve as a guide for fabricating WOx-based optoelectronic devices, including carrier-selective contacts for photovoltaic cells. Experimental NS-WOx

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• present heterogeneous molecular nature, difficult to be precisely controlled, and cannot be fully characterized by physicochemical analysis; nanoparticles are not a mere excipient, but the entire complex is the active pharmaceutical ingredient [111]. The transition from small laboratory batch sizes to