Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• desirable to improve the component performance. The work has proven that flame synthesis of CNFs using commercial LPG is feasible, paving the way for further exploration into cost-efficient CNF production with potential industrial applications. Keywords: carbon nanofiber (CNF); equivalence ratio; flame

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• emphasized the importance of accurately identifying AβOs in patient samples, enhancing the potential for timely intervention. In recent years, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising agents for addressing AβOs regarding their multivalent interactions, which can more effectively detect and inhibit AβO

• formation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various nanochaperones developed to target AβOs, detailing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential via focusing on two main strategies, namely, disruption of AβOs through direct interaction and the inhibition of AβO nucleation by binding

• into their potential for clinical application. This comprehensive overview highlights the current advancements in NM-based therapies for AD and outlines future research directions aimed at optimizing these innovative treatments. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid; amyloid-β oligomers; detection

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• diverse characterization techniques, demonstrating the potential reversibility of the B1 to B2 phase transformation induced by ion irradiation. Keywords: irradiation; phase transformation; thermal spike; track diameter; X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• electron mobility (>100 cm2/V/s) and high electrical conductivity (>1014 S/cm), demonstrating its potential for optoelectronic applications [2][3][4]. The incorporation of cadmium into ZnO effectively reduces the bandgap, rendering the thin films suitable for applications in the visible region of the

• distinguish them. For the CZ900_Pris thin film, the O(iii) component can be confidently assigned to the Zn2SiO4 phase, given that this film was annealed in a flowing oxygen atmosphere, which minimizes the potential for VO defects at the surface. In contrast, the area corresponding to the VO peak has increased

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• antigen load because a good signal-to-noise ratio response was observed, making this detection a rapid and accurate process. Under the optimal parameters (pulse amplitude = 86 mV, potential increment = 4 mV, and scan rate = 100 mV/s), the negative control and four different concentrations (10, 100, 1,000

• assembled, sealed, and attached to the microfluidics system. The compatibility of biosensing devices with microfluidics systems is desired as this combination has the potential to miniaturize and shorten the acquisition time required to process a large number of biological samples, for example, in clinical

• required [54]. Furthermore, because of the potential advantage of changing specific monoclonal antibodies in the system, it can easily be adjusted for any and multiple seasonal influenza strains, similar to the case of annual influenza vaccines, which are updated every year to match the currently

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• the deposition regimes involved. We also investigate the potential volatile products produced under electron impact on adsorbed [Pd(tbaoac)2] that could be responsible for the composition of the FEBID deposit and provide a comparison with previous results using other Pd precursors [37] and [Cu(tbaoac

• )2] [40][41]. The potential of growing 3D nanostructures with this precursor was also explored. The insights gained from this research could be valuable in the development of precursors tailored for FEBID. Experimental The structure of [Pd(tbaoac)2] is shown in Figure 1. The precursor was synthesized

• Devi et al. [40], which generally have lower desorption rates. The volume deposition rate reported for [Cu(tbaoac)2] was 0.026 µm3·nA−1·min−1 [41], while for [Pd(tbaoac)2], it is 0.045 µm3·nA−1·min−1. The higher deposition rate for [Pd(tbaoac)2] implies that this precursor has potential for growing

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• with Ni2+ and Co2+ chloride solutions through traditional ion exchange (IE) and impregnation (Imp) processes. Special attention was given to analyzing the cationic and anionic composition of the resulting materials. The catalytic potential was evaluated in the selective hydrogenation of citral, focused

• exhibited a higher surface area and pore volume, which can positively influence its potential application as a material to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While most studies focus on monocationic exchange, multicationic exchange has raised significant interest. The synergy of properties in multicationic

• the selective hydrogenation of citral to unsaturated alcohols remains low, the ability of this material to produce such alcohols indicates its potential. Future work will focus on optimizing the reduction temperature as lower reduction temperatures are expected to enhance performance. These findings

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• atomic chemical potentials are obtained as follows: where μα and nα represent the chemical potential and the number of atoms of type α (α = N, B, H, O). The chemical potential of is derived from the total energy of the H2 molecule, while μsource denotes the total energy of the systems comprising the

• chemical potentials for B and N atoms are interrelated, that is, μB + μN = μBN, where μBN signifies the chemical potential of the h-BN monolayer. Under this constraint, the formation energies of h-BN nanopores with stoichiometric ratios of boron and nitrogen atoms are independent of the individual choices

• environment) or μN (i.e., a N-rich environment). To determine the chemical potential of nitrogen in N-rich environments, we utilize either the N2 molecule (whereby and μB = μBN − μN) or the NH3 molecule (in this case, and μB = μBN − μN). In boron-rich environments, the BH3 molecule is employed to determine

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• pre- and post-bombardment changes in optical properties, resulting from nanopatterned surfaces, are investigated using UV–vis reflectivity measurements and correlated with the dimensions of the nanopatterns. This manuscript highlights the potential applications arising from these findings, emphasizing

• nanopatterned surfaces depending on the dimensions of the nanopatterns (i.e., wavelength and rms roughness). The potential applications of such nanopatterned silicon surfaces are highlighted. This article underscores the versatility of an optimized broad-beam ultralow-energy ion source, specifically in the

• contact with the plasma within the isolated plasma cup, serves to shift the plasma potential. By applying a voltage (e.g., +500 V) to the anode, the plasma potential is elevated to +500 V (plus the intrinsic plasma potential). When the sample is maintained at ground potential, the positive ions within the

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• desorption term Rd = −kdx1(1 − x2)exp(U(x1)/kBT) is defined by the desorption rate kd = ωexp(−Ed/kBT), where Ed is the desorption energy, and the interaction potential U(x1), including adsorbate–adsorbate and elastic adsorbate–substrate interactions. Transference reactions between layers describe a decrease

• )ln(1 − x1). The interaction potential U(x1) includes the term describing interaction between substrate and adsorbed particles Uel = with the strength > 0 (attractive interaction) and interactions between adsorbed particles described by the interaction potential It is defined through the binary

• attractive potential −u(r) of symmetrical form, , m = 1,…,∞. Following [30][31][32], we choose the Gaussian profile as a simple approximation for the interaction potential: where is the interaction strength and r0 is the interaction radius. Assuming that the adsorbate concentration does not vary

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• , which have been difficult to synthesize using the LRL. In addition, the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis has been dramatically improved, and the variety of materials that can be produced has increased. This expands the potential of nanoparticles synthesized by LRL to be used in industrial

• the formation of alloy nanoparticles in an equilibrium state. On the other hand, since LRL can form non-equilibrium alloy nanoparticles, it has the potential to provide alloy nanoparticles with properties that have not been yet possible to be obtained. The synthesis efficiency of the current system

• electrons reduce metal ions and contribute to the formation of nanoparticles [25][26]. On the other hand, the standard electrode potential of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) is +2.7 V, and it is a strong oxidizing species [33], so it is thought that it oxidizes the reduced metal atoms and clusters, inhibiting

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• potential in precision disease treatment. Synthetic polymers have shown significant promise in enhancing the delivery, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of ASOs by addressing key challenges such as cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and reducing cytotoxicity. The review highlights key studies from the

• . Emerging strategies, including stimuli-responsive polymers and advanced nanoparticle systems, offer potential solutions to these challenges. The review underscores the transformative potential of polymer-enhanced ASO delivery in personalised medicine, emphasising the importance of continued innovation to

• latter ssASO drug contains 2′-O-2-methoxyethyl modifications, which allow for the inclusion of exon 7 in the gene SMN2. This promotes the production of SMN protein, ameliorating the symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy [40]. ASO-based therapeutics have demonstrated great potential in the expansion of

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• ZnO frequently causes a reduction in the bandgap, leading to a shift toward longer wavelengths in the absorption spectra. The smaller bandgaps of the samples in optoelectronic devices provide a significant advantage [21]. Zeta potential of Ag@ZnO nanorods Surface properties of the synthesized Ag@ZnO

• NRs were studied using dynamic light scattering analysis, and their zeta potential was determined. Figure 5 represents the zeta potential of Ag@ZnO NRs. The samples were collected in the liquid state and the Ag@ZnO NRs zeta potential of ≈30 mV accounts for the stability of the nanoparticles in water

• vibrations, rotational energy, electronic energy levels, and scattering characteristics of Ag–ZnO nanorods. The Malvern Nano-ZS90 was utilized to determine the zeta potential of synthesized nanorods. Fabrication of the lead sensor / (Ag@ZnO nanorods/gold electrode) The obtained Ag@ZnO NRs served as an

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• understanding the biological systems and their potential as inspiration for innovation in producing biomimetic and bioinspired surfaces. Key topics included bioinspired micro- and nanostructured surfaces, and their tribological properties like friction, wear resistance, and adhesion. Discussions also addressed

• ) approach. For instance, Bartoli et al. [8] reviewed the potential applications of nanostructured carbon coatings – such as nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based materials – to improve interaction on the interface between medical implants and living cells. Several biological materials exhibit

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• GROC·UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.16.31 Abstract The potential to modify the size distribution of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids is demonstrated using a donut-shaped

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• tip is washed with isopropanol, then by Milli-Q water and dried with pure nitrogen gas. In the third step, the etched tip is cut to length and glued on by hand with silver epoxy to the free end of the tuning fork prong. Tip lengths are cut to approximately 200 μm to prevent unwanted potential lateral

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• inherent toxicity, and their post-synthesis functionalization is laborious for selective detection [25][26]. Furthermore, alternatives such as polymer nanoparticles emerged as potential candidates for detecting contaminants such as SDS. Fu et al. developed a method for detecting SDS using polyethyleneimine

• suggests a small degree of polydispersity, indicating that while the nanoparticles are relatively uniform, there is a slight variation in their sizes. The zeta potential of the PEG–PCL nanoparticles was measured to be −10.8 ± 4.50 mV (Figure 2b), suggesting that the nanoparticles possess a moderate

• negative surface charge. The zeta potential is a critical parameter for evaluating the stability of colloidal dispersions; typically, values greater than ±30 mV are associated with high stability due to strong electrostatic repulsion between particles [31]. Despite the zeta potential being less than ±30 mV

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• developed in this study is intended to be loaded with active therapeutic agents and has the potential to be used as an alternative drug delivery strategy for the treatment of gastric related diseases. Keywords: alginate; Eudragit RS100; mucoadhesive nanoparticles; mucus; smart drug delivery; Introduction

• Eudragit polymer. Particle size and zeta potential distribution The particle size distribution is an important parameter in drug delivery applications because it determines the transport across membranes. The Z-average diameters of Alg NPs and EudAlg NPs were 206.14 ± 32.31 and 219.22 ± 41.61 nm

• particles is also very important. The zeta potential of Alg nanoparticles is negative (−25.85 ± 7.7 mV), as expected, because of the presence of –COOH and –OH groups in the polymer. This may hinder its interaction with negatively charged surfaces like mucus because of charge repulsion [42]; in contrast

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• using the Monte Carlo method within the framework of a two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor. Interaction potentials close to the potential applicable in superconductors with the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ = 1/2 (intertype superconductors) and in ferromagnetic

• superconductors have been analyzed. Clustering of the vortex system is demonstrated. The melting of a vortex lattice with increasing temperature has been studied. Keywords: high-temperature superconductor; HTSC; intertype superconductors; Monte Carlo method; vortex lattice; vortex–vortex interaction potential

• -range repulsion is still preserved, and the repulsion is also preserved at large distances (5–10λ) between vortex centers. As a result, the potential takes a shape characterized by one minimum and one fairly flat maximum [12][13][14]. The vortex lattice in an inclined magnetic field has also been

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• resistances (R) and capacitances at all interfaces and the electrolyte. In our EIS measurements, the most relevant circuit element is the charge transfer resistance (Rct) between the gold nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon support, measured at open circuit potential so that electrochemical reactions do

• pulsed laser-grafted over conventionally prepared cathodes. Chronoamperometry data, collected at a constant applied potential of −1.3 V vs RHE, showed enhanced stability and mass activity of the pulsed laser-grafted gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composite, compared to an analogous conventionally

• circuit potential, where no faradaic current flows [2], did not show product generation. This demonstrates that the gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composite cathode electrocatalyzed hydrogen evolution in aqueous bicarbonate reduction (Figure 6C,D). Hydrogen can arise from the reduction of water

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• of DDR either through autophagy modulation or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition could provide a better therapeutic response [6][7]. Recently, nanomedicine has shown immense potential/efficacy in the treatment of chemoresistant tumors by providing improved molecular targeting, better

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• prepared using a wet-milling method with zirconium balls to enhance bioavailability and expand potential applications. The particle size and physicochemical properties of the BerNPs were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier

• particle sizes results in a larger total surface area, thus significantly increasing biological activity and stability [20][28]. Compared to other studies, the size of the berberine nanoparticles obtained in this study was smaller, highlighting the significant application potential of the material. UV–vis

• ranging from 12.5 to 25.0 µg/mL [31]. However, there is limited research on the activity of BerNPs against S. mutans, a primary pathogen responsible for dental caries. This study aims to provide additional information on the potential and applications of BerNPs in the development of oral care products

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• evaluate mechanical properties and provides a comparative analysis of different enhancement approaches. Applications in biomedical and industrial contexts are explored, showcasing the versatility and innovation potential of these nanofibers. Finally, current challenges are addressed, and future research

• , phase separation, self-assembly, and electrospinning. Electrospinning is considered the most versatile and widely used technique for nanofiber fabrication, offering greater control over fiber structures, higher productivity, simplicity, lower cost, and potential for industrial use [69][70

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• semiconductor-based photocatalysts for the degradation of antibiotics (Figure 1). The appeal of photocatalysis lies in its potential to achieve extensive mineralization, converting organic pollutants into harmless mineral compounds. Furthermore, its nonselective nature enables it to address a broad spectrum of

• significant challenge. Persistence nature Certain antibiotics exhibit persistence and resist environmental degradation, resulting in prolonged contamination [49]. Additionally, they are classified as emerging contaminants because of ongoing research on their potential hazards and environmental impacts [50

• photocatalyst, initiating further reactions on the material surface. Photogenerated holes have the potential to directly target antibiotics (h+ + antibiotics → H2O + CO2 + degradation products). This process can possibly result in substantial destruction of the harmful antibiotics. Figure 3 illustrates the

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• system. The abundance of nanoparticles in PC or alcohol was found to correlate with the electrochemical reduction potential of the respective metal, where the noble metals were enriched within the more polar solvents. The polarity of the solvents (as function of the carbon chain length of the alcohol

• ) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis. Keywords: catalysis; laser ablation

• , changing the polarity of the non-polar solvent phase for the laser ablation of copper. Iron and copper stand in the middle of the investigated standard electrochemical reduction potential metal series and show quite interesting phase selectivity behavior. Moreover, cupreous nanoparticles are relevant for

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• aim to prepare nanocarriers with the potential to prolong the drug circulation time, cross the blood–brain–tumor barrier (BBTB), and provide targeted and controlled drug release in the brain tumor cells. Cytotoxicity and effects on cell membrane integrity of the blank and TMZ-loaded dual

• suitable for crossing the BBTB and targeting brain cancer cells. A biphasic drug release profile was observed for all functionalized TMZ-loaded formulations in simulated in vivo conditions, with a sustained release pointing to the potential for controlled release of TMZ in brain tumor cells. The

• apoptosis via activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, caspase-, and mitochondrion-dependent pathways, such as p53-mPTP [13][17][18], and reduce the expression of voltage-dependent ion channel genes and extracellular receptors in glioma cells, damaging the cell membrane and changing its potential [19