Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• ]. Patents WO2016178224 and US240447339 show robust results, with solid data both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting high efficacy compared to the free drug and lower toxicity. Patents CN222367609 and CN225561345, although their results are limited to specific cell lines, also show good results in terms of

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• particles, enhancing their removal through settling or filtration [52]. Biological treatments can entrap or partially degrade plastics via microbial activity, though typically with limited efficiency for persistent polymers. Advanced oxidation processes offer a more robust route for plastic degradation by

• innovative solutions in MPs remediation. You et al. [119] synthesized a robust composite material, ZIF-8@Aerogel, by growing Zn-based MOF ZIF-8 directly onto wood-derived aerogel fibres. This composite demonstrated effective MP removal in both freshwater and seawater simulations. Specifically, it achieved a

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• photocatalytic properties of TiO2, which generate ROS that degrade bacterial membranes [23]. Yang and Wang’s group introduced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane to create a robust porous bi-layered photothermal membrane (CNT@PEI/MCE) for efficient solar-driven interfacial water

• activity of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the Ag@PCTA film. It is evident despite a decrease in nano Ag dosage from 0.05 mol·L−1 to 0.02 mol·L−1 (from III to IV in Figure 6), the size of the inhibitory ring remains almost unchanged, highlighting the robust antibacterial performance of the Ag@PCTA

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• initiate a robust cascade production of •OH and LPOs within the TME [156]. Another pH-responsive liposome also showed better catalytic activity at weakly acidic conditions by combining amphiphilic dendrimers with liposomes. The combination of amphiphilic dendrimers with liposomes significantly enhanced the

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O), which are isotropic, homogeneous, and thermodynamically unstable, with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 200 nm [20]. They present properties such as high surface area per unit volume, robust kinetic stability, and tunable rheology [21]. It has been demonstrated that

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• absorption of each nanosphere, since this is a commonly measured parameter in samples imaged by TXMs. An exact measurement of experimental absorption is non-trivial because the background around the nanosphere varies slowly with distance from the nanosphere center. Therefore, to achieve a robust estimate of

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• results demonstrate that both NMs exhibited robust piezoelectric properties and confirmed their exceptional biocompatibility, with no toxicity observed even at the highest concentrations tested. The mechanical stress induced by the US prompts micromechanical interaction with cells. This, in turn, triggers

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• materials, collectively known as “soft materials” [1][2][3][4][5], may be indicative of the significant advancements made in materials science. In the past, materials that were robust, rigid, and durable were esteemed. Nevertheless, the significance of materials endowed with intelligent capabilities that

• exhibit diverse responses to external stimuli is on the rise [6][7][8][9][10]. The field of materials chemistry is undergoing a transition from a focus on hard, robust materials to a greater emphasis on softer, more mouldable substances. This shift is actually reasonable as observed in the evolution of

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• statistically robust measurements, averaging over more than 107 pores during an experiment. Cross-sectional SEM images (Figure 1c,d) reveal distinct differences in nanopore geometry between thermal and PECVD SiO2. The full cone angle (β) in PECVD SiO2 (≈44°) is approximately 1.8 times larger than in thermal

• images do not provide robust statistical information and are prone to measurement errors. Cross-sectional SEM imaging provides limited statistical reliability as the probability of cleaving directly through a nanopore’s central axis is extremely low. This sampling bias introduces significant

• uncertainties in dimensional measurements and makes it challenging to obtain robust structural information about the nanopores. Figure 2 shows a representative 2D scattering pattern obtained from conical nanopores in thermal SiO2. This image represents the simultaneous measurement of approximately 107 parallel

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• NiO phases, metallic Ni, and high conductivity of SS, which is advantageous for the Volmer step in alkaline solution, the combination of adsorbed H atoms, and electron transport in the catalytic process. These conclusions guide the fabrication of binder-free, robust, affordable electrocatalysts using

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• interrelationships. To address this challenge, statistical experimental design methodologies, notably response surface methodology (RSM), have been developed. RSM, a robust integration of mathematical and statistical techniques, is extensively employed for process optimization and the elucidation of interactions

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• tested FLG–TA concentrations. The high ratio of green-to-red fluorescence intensity observed in Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1, indicates robust cellular viability. These findings strongly align with previous metabolic activity results. Because of strong molecular interactions during synthesis

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• developed a robust and straightforward method for creating multichamber paper devices using wax printing techniques, which they applied to detect AβOs. This approach leverages copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe colorimetric immunoblotting, achieving detection limits as low as 23.7 pg/mL, visible through a

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• played a crucial role in the successful coating of these nanoparticles, significantly increasing their zeta potential and improving cellular uptake. Moreover, εPLL-coated GNPs were found to provide robust protection for the ASOs against nuclease degradation, maintaining over 78% of the oligonucleotides

• CpG. This prolonged retention translated into potent antitumor efficacy, as PG-CpG triggered robust activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and significantly inhibited tumour growth. Polyamines Polyamines are among the most extensively studied polymeric materials for assisted ASO delivery

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• uncomplicated method for producing Ag@ZnO NRs. These fabricated Ag@ZnO NRs play an effective role as an electron mediator in the development of lead chemical sensors which are both highly sensitive and robust in nature. Based on our current understanding, the lead sensor we developed exhibits the most notable

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• SDS detection. This rapid colorimetric response, coupled with the specificity and selectivity of the system, highlights the potential of the PEG–PCL nanoparticle-based method as a robust tool for environmental monitoring and analysis of SDS contamination. The simplicity of visual detection, alongside

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• mimicking the nanomechanical and nanostructural features of the ECM with their ability to withstand load-bearing applications, given their high porosity. Additionally, conventional electrospun fibers cannot withstand 150 MPa, which is a requirement for load-bearing applications. Thus, a more robust method

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• materials as photocatalysts. GO has attracted interest as another metal-free carbon material, owing to its two-dimensional ultrathin layered structure, robust stability, and remarkable capacity to transport charge carriers [110]. When coupled with suitable semiconductor materials or modified to other forms

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• ablate the injected collagen opacities [122]. Cationic carbon quantum dots, known for their robust light absorption across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, have also been proven effective in breaking down collagen fibers and vitreous opacities through the VNBs generated by low-flux pulsed lasers [69][123

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• extracted as well, providing robust information about the effects of the rare earths on the DNA double helix [19][16]. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging assays were also performed to confirm DNA compaction/condensation by erbium and neodymium, allowing for a direct visualization of these

• procedure has been proved to be very robust in determining changes in the mechanical properties of DNA–ligand complexes as a function of the ligand concentration in the sample. The complete details can be found in [21]. A model to determine the binding parameters from the persistence length data A quenched

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• excellent separation properties and robust MMM stability. One of the first MMMs developed with inorganic fillers in the context of the separation of gaseous compounds dates back to 1912 by Steinitzer [81]. Although not denoted as a MMM at the time, the material prepared by Steinitzer is a rubber comprising

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• target key signaling pathways [62]. M1 polarization in cancer therapy: Inducing or sustaining M1 polarization has proven effective in enhancing antitumor immunity. For example, chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms), engineered by Klichinsky et al., sustained a robust M1 phenotype for over 40

• detached, exposing GLC and enhancing miRNA uptake by TAMs. This nanovector, sPEG/GLC/155, increased miR-155 expression in TAMs 100–400-fold, leading to a robust M1-like polarization characterized by upregulated IL-12, iNOS, and MHC II, along with reduced M2 markers such as Arg1 and Msr2. The therapy also

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• with data from the JCPDS card no.89-7102. Remarkably, there were no indications of any other phases, indicating a high purity of the ZnO NPs. The XRD reflections were remarkably well-defined and narrow. This signifies the distinctive crystalline arrangement, indicating a robust crystalline structure

• frequency (ω), Y, and n. The obtained results suggest robust electron transfer and enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency in dextrose oxidation [19][20][21] (Figure 5). Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs The biogenic ZnO NPs presented a good dispersion and exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram

• , indicating robust colloidal stability, contrasting with the moderately negative zeta potential (−15.3 mV) reported by Selvarajan and Mohanasrinivasan [24], which shows possible variations in ZnO NP characteristics, size distribution, surface modification, and experimental conditions. Nonetheless, both