Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• nanoparticles is a step ahead of the reported studies. Polymer nanoparticles prepared from PEG–PCL are widely used for drug delivery, tumour targeting, and imaging [28]. To our knowledge, there is no report regarding using PEG–PCL nanoparticles (PEG–PCL NPs) as a contaminant detection system. Accordingly, we

• precipitation step is essential for purifying the nanoparticles and achieving a stable, solid-state product that can be easily collected and dried. Finally, the synthesized PEG–PCL NPs are characterized to assess their size and uniformity. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques measure the average particle

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• , A2033), poloxamer 407 (16758), calcium chloride, and mucin from porcine stomach (M1778) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sunflower oil and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were from TCI Chemicals, USA. For in vitro studies, high-glucose DMEM and Pen-Step solution were purchased from Sartorius

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States 10.3762/bjnano.16.26 Abstract We developed a novel pulsed laser-assisted process for the fabrication of advanced composites of nonequilibrium gold nanoparticles on carbon fiber paper supports. Our one-step process integrates the generation of

• unattached catalyst material, which is especially problematic with precious catalysts. Overall, separate nanoparticle synthesis–attachment produces composites with adhesion, durability, electrical contact, and concomitant energy efficiency issues. Here, we report a new one-step pulsed laser grafting process

• 3 h (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4), likely due to buffering of protons in the aqueous bicarbonate electrolyte. Mixtures of H2 and CO2 are valuable precursors in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce synthetic fuels and chemicals [75][76]. Overall, our novel one-step aqueous pulsed

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• , Kurukshetra University. The grazing incidence angle was fixed at 0.5°. The diffraction pattern was recorded in the 2θ range of 20°–70° with a step increment of 0.07°. The optical properties of ZnTe/Qz films were analysed from transmittance spectra obtained using a Shimadzu UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer (UV

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• , attributed to the increased specific surface area and absorption capacity. Using a one-step hydrothermal process, Wu et al. [69] synthesized Bi-bridged Z-scheme BiOCl/Bi2O3 heterojunctions. The constructed binary photocatalysts exhibited 94.79% TC degradation efficiency owing to the enhanced separation of

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• rigidification effects and partial pore blockage. This rigidified polymer may also alter the effective MOF apertures, affecting MMM selectivity unpredictably [78][87][115][119]. The rigidified polymer defect typically forms during the solvent removal step, see Figure 4, where rapid solvent removal quenches the

• precursor slurry for higher MOF loadings [80][122]. Aggregation also tends to occur during the solvent removal step in the solvent casting method, further complicating MMM fabrication [122]. The tendency to form aggregates in MOF-based MMMs depends on the specific MOF and polymer used, their interactions

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• modified with niobium First, the clays were swollen; for this purpose, 2 g of bentonite clay was dispersed in 100 mL of water, and the resulting suspension was kept under stirring for 24 h. In this experiment step, the color of raw clay was brown (Figure 1a). Then, 3.14 g of NbOPO4 and Nb2O5 was added. The

• radiation (λ = 1.5410 Å) operating at 40 kV and 30 mA. Data were collected in scanning mode in steps between 4° and 75° (2θ) with a step size of 0.05°/s. The basal distance was obtained using Bragg's Law. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were collected on a Perkin Elmer Frontier FTIR

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• accuracy of the experiment). Therefore, this step is immediately followed by condensation: The final composition of the hydrolysis products of alkoxides of titanium roughly corresponds to TiO1.5(OR)·yROH, where y = 0.15–1.00 depending on the nature of the alcohol. The residual carbon during thermal

• sample obtained in step (1), was stirred in TEOT at a mass ratio of 1:5 for 6 h at 25 °C. The sample was filtered off and then dried at 35 °C for 12 h. To hydrolyze TEOT that had diffused into the CTAB layers and to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles in the interlamellar space, 1.0 g of TEOT-impregnated MOR-L

• monochromatic Cu Kα radiation. XRD patterns of the studied compounds were recorded in the 2θ range of 5–70° with a step width of 0.0302°. SAXS patterns were recorded over a 2θ scanning range of 0.2–7.0° with a step width of 0.01°. Elemental analysis and morphology of synthetized TiO2/2D mordenite nanocomposites

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• to protect their cargo, promote extravasation, and reach the target tissue effectively. Fluid forces can strip NCs of their surface coatings, reducing their ability to adhere to vessel walls, an essential step for extravasation into the parenchyma of target tissues. Particles larger than 200 nm and

• activation, is a pivotal step in translating the therapeutic potential of RNA molecules into practical clinical applications, providing innovative solutions to the intricate challenges of nanomedicine. 6 Applications in liver and lung disorders NCs can be used to treat liver and lung diseases. Their ability

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• crucial for understanding the adsorption mechanism in a system and predicting its behavior [17]. Methods Gas sensor analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics To implement the methodology from the flow chart in Figure 1, we begin with pre-processing. During this step, we define the domain with physics modules

• of 0.6 cm are built as shown in Figure 2. Meshing is a crucial step in the simulation process, dividing a large domain into smaller parts to apply boundary conditions. For this model, tetrahedral elements with an element size of 0.5 mm were used as the primary mesh element throughout the body

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• procedure was used. Denaturation at 96 °C for 5 min was preceded by denaturation at the same temperature for 30 s, hybridization at 50 °C for 30 s for thirty cycles, with a final elongation step at 60 °C for 90 s. Later, the amplicons were sequenced using the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer sequence detection

• °–80° (2θ), with a step size of 0.02° and a dwell time of 1 s per step. Reflectance was studied using UV–vis spectroscopy performed on a Shimadzu UV-2600 double-beam spectrophotometer. Nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized water at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, and the spectra were recorded in the

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• flexibility in terms of medium, soil, dispersion approach and so forth, meaning that detailed documentation of each step is still required to allow others to reuse the data with confidence. This is especially important for nanomaterials, given that the test guidelines originally developed for soluble

• this could be achieved by adding an instance for the resulting material state after each sub-step, these intermediate instances are not typically characterised experimentally; thus, the instances would make the maps more complex without adding much information. Explicit protocol nodes, in contrast, can

• pipelines based on new approach methodologies, batteries of more than 20 assays with over 50 individual endpoints are compared and data (from different laboratories) needs to be aggregated [45]. The offspring tracking presented in Figure 5 may represent the first step towards implementation of a BIODA to

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• cluster (see Figure 1), as proposed by Ermakov et al. [56], for the purposes of this study. After separately obtaining the optical and electronic properties of both the NaA zeolite and the cluster, our next step involved locating the position of minimum energy for the cluster within the zeolite framework

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• cleaned by sonication for five minutes in toluene, acetone, and Milli-Q water, and the samples were rinsed with the solvent following in the sequence before each sonication step. Finally, the samples were dipped into ethanol and dried. The samples were washed in toluene, acetone and Milli-Q water, toluene

• , and dried after the first three hours of coating. When the coating was finished after a total of six hours, the samples were washed in toluene and left in Milli-Q water for approximately 12 hours. The last washing step ensures that all produced HCl is removed from the coating which will otherwise

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• 70% of Atr was released after 2 h. Importantly, the release of Atr was not influenced by the concentration of added ACh, suggesting that the release step, rather than the degradation of the carrier, is rate-limiting. Additionally, unlike Fl, even low ACh concentrations facilitate Atr release

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• step (130 °C). Raising the temperature slightly might increase the effective refractive index of titania before lattice degradation occurs. If the process could be additionally tuned by, for example, varying process times and chemical compositions (including hybrid sol/gels), a further reduction of

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• endosomal escape has emerged as a crucial step in the intracellular trafficking process, essential for achieving successful cytosolic delivery and realizing the full therapeutic potential of liposomal systems [4]. To address the formidable challenge of endosomal entrapment, several strategies have been

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• -NPs. We also did not set such a goal, but observing the effect of sucrose, we decided to draw the attention of researchers to this fact. Indeed, such action of sucrose can distort the results of bio-NP studies, especially regarding surface structures. The next step of our study was to examine the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• determines the electrical and optical properties, which can vary depending on the synthesis technique [19]. Among the methods mentioned above, laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is a clean and single-step synthesis method used for obtaining nanomaterials from a bulk source [11][16][17][18][20]. It produces NPs

• potential material for sophisticated design patterning [66]. Conclusion The current study shows the successful single-step fabrication of HfO2 NPs and nanofibres in DW and HfC core–shell NPs with multilayered graphitic shells in toluene and anisole via LAL of Hf metal. The obtained NPs exhibit a broad size

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ; chemical reactions; flow dynamics; HFCVD; hot filament chemical vapor deposition; SiOx films; Introduction The growth of materials such as non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (SiOx) is an important step in semiconductor devices development. Control of deposition parameters determines the success of the

• range of 800–1200 K. When the distances from the filament to the source are greater, no film deposition occurs. This effect is mainly due to the recombination of H° to H2 as the temperature decreases. The formation of these gaseous species is an important step since they contain the radical species that

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• strategy involves surface coating with specific ligands which interact with elevated levels of target-specific receptors. Both delivery systems aim to achieve responsive drug release directly at the therapeutic target (Figure 2B) [19][30]. Therefore, a crucial step in constructing efficient biomimetic

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• system can have the chance to germinate and to make the first step in the colonisation of a new habitat. The presence of the mucilage envelope is not the only feature responsible for endozoochoric seeds dispersal. In case of frugivory (fruits dispersal by birds), the dispersed fruits possess some

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• degradation of P-NP by ʟ-car-AgNPs can be attributed to the unique optical and catalytic properties of AgNPs, which are enhanced by their high surface-to-volume ratio and plasmonic effects. The observed pseudo-first-order kinetics suggest that the rate-determining step involves the adsorption of P-NP onto the