Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• β-CD concentration converted crystalline entrapped APT into an amorphous state, decreasing surface tension and promoting the solubility profile [14]. A similar behavior was observed for the poloxamer 407 samples with solubilities in the order of APT-PX-NP5 > APT-PX-NP6 > APT-PX-NP7 > APT-PX-NP8 due

• , 141.3 ± 0.62, 121.1 ± 0.72, 257.6 ± 0.37, 229.5 ± 0.94, 207.2 ± 0.63, and 191.0 ± 0.57 nm, respectively (Table 1). An exemplary measurement for APT-CD-NP4 is given in Figure 2. The SLNs with lower particle size provide a large surface area, which increases drug release and enhances drug absorption by

• dispersion. SEM studies Scanning electron micrographs of APT-CD-NP4 and APT-PX-NP8 shown in Figure 3 illustrate that polymeric content was deposited on the SLN surface because of organic solvents. After evaporation of the organic solvent, colloidal particles are closely packed. Dispersions in organic

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• ][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Compared to optical ellipsometry or reflectance spectroscopy, SCM and SCFM can map surface properties such as film thickness [35][39] and dielectric constants [35][74], with superior spatial resolution. However, in particular

• , lever, and some additional stray capacitance caused by the signal cables in the AFM head (Figure 3). In the case of a dielectric sample, the tip-, apex- and lever-surface capacitors are connected in series with capacitors formed by the sample dielectric layer. The exact configuration for these

• locations on the microcapacitor sample. The first spectrum was recorded on one of the microcapacitors (C3, see Figure 2). Then, we measured in one of the FIB-etched trenches around the capacitors. Here, we assume that the bare silicon surface is covered by a thin native oxide layer (Si). Last, we measured

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• -phase investigations of molecular fragmentation by electron beams may not fully predict the behavior of molecules when adsorbed on a surface. This highlights the importance of comparing gas-phase fragmentation results with FEBIP processes. In this issue, the novel iron precursor (i.e., iron

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• . The properties of nanofibers such as their high specific surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, large length-to-diameter ratio, porous membrane structure, and their ability to mimic the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissues make them a suitable material for wound dressing and skin

• through a capillary, and a high voltage is applied to charge the solution’s particles, which produces an attractive force [54]. When the solution’s surface tension is overcome at a critical voltage, a jet shoots out of the capillary’s tip toward a grounded collector (Figure 2A) [55]. The morphology of

• , environmental engineering, and green chemistry [59]. This method facilitates the creation of highly porous 3D structures with an extensive surface area and desirable chemical and physical properties, making the resulting nanofibers ideal for applications such as biosensors, antimicrobial surfaces, scaffolds

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• . discussed several applications of CNFs. Thin CNFs have a large surface area and are used for adsorptive hydrogen storage. Also, CNFs are used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. They can also be used for water purification and carbon capture and storage [20]. LPG gas contains a flammable mixture of

• CNF, and growth is seen on the beads. The growth rate is higher at Φ = 1.8 than at Φ =1.60. Figure 6 shows zirconia beads before and after synthesis. Before synthesis, the impregnated zirconia beads were gray. They turned black after the synthesis because of a layer of CNF deposited on the surface of

• concentrations, the amount of available carbon is higher, which provides more carbon atoms that can interact with the catalyst’s surface, enhancing the ability of the catalyst to decompose the carbon source to grow CNF structures. The histogram in Figure 8b shows the diameter distribution of CNFs in a more

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• detection and treatment of AβOs in AD. Because of their nanoscale size, NMs can interact with biological systems in ways that traditional treatments cannot. Their unique properties such as high surface area, quantum effects, and specific physicochemical traits make them ideal for developing advanced

• ) enhance imaging sensitivity because of their distinct electrical or photoluminescent properties. For treatment, NPs can serve as drug carriers, improving delivery across the BBB and reducing side effects. Their large surface area allows for controlled drug release and targeted therapy, enhancing treatment

• effectively recognize all oligomeric forms, complicating the development of broad-spectrum therapies. Unlike larger aggregates, which may present multiple binding sites, AβOs have fewer defined surface characteristics that can be targeted. AβOs can interconvert between different oligomeric states and may also

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• Arkaprava Das Marcin Zajac Carla Bittencourt Chimie des Interaction Plasma surface, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Université of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• evidence of changes in surface chemical states due to irradiation. In summary, we elucidate the underlying mechanism responsible for the retrieval of the B1 phase from the transformed B2 phase following O ion irradiation using core-level spectroscopy. While the B1 to B2 phase transformation is reported to

• evident; rather, distinct void regions are observed. Given that CdO has a melting temperature of ≈1000 °C, a portion of CdO may have melted during the annealing process at 900 °C, subsequently condensing in energetically favorable sites at the film surface. The whitish regions in the CZ900_Pris thin film

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• .16.42 Abstract An electrochemical biosensor based on modified carbon screen-printed electrodes was developed for the detection of hemagglutinin of influenza A H1N1 virus (H1). Gold nanoflowers were electrodeposited on the electrode to increase conductivity and surface area. The electrochemical signal

• was amplified by functionalization of the gold nanoflowers with 4-aminothiophenol, which resulted in a 100-fold decrease of the charge transfer resistance due to a tunneling effect. Subsequently, monoclonal antibodies against H1 were immobilized on the surface via covalent amide bond formation

• into four groups, namely, influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. The antigenic features of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins on the surface of influenza A viruses are used to further classify the virus into subtypes. Influenza A comprises 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes, of which

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• geometry is primarily due to surface diffusion processes and directional gas flux adsorption [44][45]. No halo region was observed. The volume growth rate was approximately 0.032 µm3·min−1 or 7.62 × 10−4 µm3·nC−1, with a vertical growth rate of 0.02 nm·s−1. For the STEM analysis, a square deposit was

• with other fragments on the surface to form a nonvolatile matrix, or (iii) become embedded by newly arriving molecules from the gas phase [30]. A key factor for rapid desorption is the neutral charge of the generated fragments, which reduces the desorption energy. This applies to the isobutene

• , acetaldehyde, and carbon oxide fragments, making the tbaoac ligand favorable for FEBID. Neglecting surface diffusion, the deposition rates νdep (in units of inverse time) and R (in units of distance over time) are given by [23] For the derivation of Equation 1 and for the numerical values used in the following

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• and temperature-programmed reduction. The materials prepared by IE had negligible chloride content (0.02–0.07%), and their specific surface areas (138–146 m2/g) were greater than those of the materials obtained by Imp (54–67 m2/g). The bimetallic systems exhibited enhanced reducibility of the Co2+ and

• exhibited a higher surface area and pore volume, which can positively influence its potential application as a material to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While most studies focus on monocationic exchange, multicationic exchange has raised significant interest. The synergy of properties in multicationic

• ° in NiZImp, and at 28.5° in CoNiZImp. These peaks are attributed to impurities, such as mixed metal chloride salts, deposited on the zeolite surface. Specifically, the peaks at 16.1° and 39.3° correspond to both cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2·2H2O, card 96-900-9874) and cobalt(II) hydroxychloride (Co2Cl

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• hydrogen bonds with the N–H-terminated surface in rhombic pores, but not with the B–N-terminated surface, potentially leading to asymmetries in water flow through the pore area. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the interaction between nanoporous h-BN membranes and water. Keywords: boron

• as a molecular sieve [22][23][24][25]. Theoretical studies using molecular dynamics simulations analyzed the impact of the partial charge on the h-BN membrane surface on water molecules and salt ion transport [26]. They noted that the Coulomb interaction between water molecules/ions and the channels

• type of pore can alter the hydrophobicity of h-BN and influence the flow of water through it. Moreover, the formation of a hydrogen bond with the N–H-terminated surface in rhombic pores, which is absent in interactions with the B–N-terminated surface, may lead to asymmetries in water flow through the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• implanted with 1 × 1017 N2+·cm−2 at 30 keV using a current density of 4 µA·cm−2. Surface morphology and structural, optical, and electrical properties of the as-deposited and implanted Mo thin films have been systematically investigated. The crystallinity of Mo thin films is enhanced with increasing

• material characteristics. Ion implantation is one of the most attractive techniques because it introduces considerable changes in the surface morphology and composition of the films [13][14]. The uses of implanted Mo thin films cover a broad range of applications including microelectronics and

• accelerating voltage. At grazing incidence, the observed stress is either minimal or slightly tensile and is mostly unaffected by the accelerating voltage. Tripathi et al. [18] examined the temperature-dependent surface alterations in Mo films induced by He+ ion irradiation within the 773–1073 K range as a

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• the transformative impact of nanopatterning through low-energy inert ions. Keywords: optimization of ion current; surface topography; TEM; ultralow-energy ECR-based ion source; UV–vis spectroscopy; Introduction Ion sources serve as fundamental components in numerous scientific and industrial

• applications and play a crucial role in generating charged particles. Various systems harness energetic ions for diverse purposes, spanning material science, high-energy physics, medical applications, and agricultural science [1][2][3][4][5]. Presently, energetic ions find application in various surface

• not suitable for modern-day applications. In material science as well as surface science applications, the ion source should be mobile and adaptable to the vacuum system, having a longer lifetime. Further, the ion source should produce a relatively high beam current (i.e., capable of forming a high

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• formation. We simulate deposition on one- and multicomponent substrates with different strengths of adsorbate–substrate interactions. We will show that an increase in the strength of adsorbate–substrate interactions stimulates the formation of stable surface structures during deposition, which leads to an

• increase in its coverage and the formation of a smaller number of adsorbate islands of larger size. At elevated adsorption rates, an increase in adsorbate–substrate interactions results in the transformation of the surface morphology and the formation of percolating adsorbate structures. Deposition onto

• multicomponent substrates leads to the formation of a stationary surface morphology with an elevated number of adsorbate islands of smaller size, compared to one-component substrates. This study provides a deep insight into the peculiarities of nanostructured thin films’ growth in low-pressure systems with

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• the change in the absorption peak at 520 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectrum caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanoparticles as a function of the laser irradiation time. The black line shows the change in absorbance for the solution without IPA, and the red line shows

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• continue to the cellular nucleus. Certain cell surface receptors have demonstrated efficient binding to modified oligonucleotides, including integrins [50], toll-like receptors [51], and scavenger receptors [52]. However, the intracellular delivery to their specific site of action remains the major barrier

• of PLG (DP = 20) in the development of a novel gene delivery system. In this study, surface-modified complexes were designed using PLG as a backbone to which polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw = 5, 10, and 20 kDa) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) were conjugated [101]. This approach aimed to enhance the

• ][106], architecture [107][108], degree of amine/phosphate complexation [109], and surface charge density of the polymers [110] strongly affect the transfection efficiency and toxicity of these cationic platforms. In this section of the review, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• , India Department of Physics, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.33 Abstract Special features of zinc oxide nanoparticles have drawn a lot of interest due to their wide bandgap, high surface area, photocatalytic activity, antimicrobial

• of oxygen on the surface by means of the formation of oxygen vacancies, leading to enhanced catalytic activity. Also, the small doping of Ag introduces more active sites on the catalyst surface, potentially improving the overall catalytic activity [12][13]. This study demonstrates an efficient and

• ZnO frequently causes a reduction in the bandgap, leading to a shift toward longer wavelengths in the absorption spectra. The smaller bandgaps of the samples in optoelectronic devices provide a significant advantage [21]. Zeta potential of Ag@ZnO nanorods Surface properties of the synthesized Ag@ZnO

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• environmental pressures. Such pressures involve intricate interactions between surface structures and the environment across different scales, including nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Biomimetics aims at making use of understanding how these adaptations and the particular material properties of these surfaces

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• been recently demonstrated to be very efficient in surface micro- and nanostructuring [33][34][35][36][37] and in laser additive manufacturing [38]. They enable the formation of different structures whose size and shape can be precisely controlled. Furthermore, donut-shaped beams enable a considerable

• that occurs after absorption of the laser radiation and localized heating of the target surface. The plume interacts with the surrounding liquid. This interaction defines the cooling rate of the species present in the plasma and significantly affects NP growth (i.e., plasma quenching forms small NPs

• any possible oxide layer from the surface. PLAL NP generation Figure 1 shows a general scheme of the experimental setup. Each ablated target was positioned in the flow-through PLAL chamber [50] with a liquid volume of ca. 5 mL and laser-irradiated at normal incidence through a glass window. The

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• structure of materials under reaction conditions. We demonstrate this by imaging a Pd(100) single crystal at 450 K with combined AFM/STM. The surface is compared under ultrahigh vacuum and under 0.5 bar O2 pressure showing a notable increase in RMS current, which we attribute to oxidation. Also, we study

• these techniques are photon-based [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Even though they provide valuable insights, the development of surface-sensitive techniques that can image the catalyst at the atomic scale under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions remains crucial. In attempting to close the pressure gap

• the electric tunneling effect, AFM probes the forces of the tip–sample interaction. This makes AFM independent of surface conductivity and therefore a powerful tool to bridge the materials gap. The drawback of this high-pressure AFM setup is that it could not be combined with STM. While STM provides

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• different applications [11]. The application of nanoparticles depends on the amount of capping agent adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles [12]. This suggests that quantifying the amount of surface capping, such as SDS, is necessary for designing nanoparticle-based applications. The food industry has

• . Characterization of PEG–PCL nanoparticles The synthesized PEG–PCL nanoparticles were characterized by their unique physicochemical properties, such as size and surface charge. The average hydrodynamic size, monodispersity, and surface charge of the nanoparticles were measured using the ZetaSizer (Nano ZS, Malvern

• , UK). Dried 10 mg/mL PEG–PCL NPs were dissolved in PBS and sonicated for 30 min. The sonicated sample was taken in a cuvette for measurement. The sample pH was in the range of 7.2–7.4. Separate cuvettes (DTS1072 and DTS0012) were used to measure the surface charge and average size of the nanoparticles

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• of the mucoid surface [17]. Eudragit RS100 polymer has been used for several applications aimed at different sites of the body such as skin [18], intestinal [16], intranasal [19], or ocular [20] drug delivery. This broad range of application sites is possible because pH-independent swelling of the

• surface area for adhesion. Also, mucus penetration would be hindered because of the mesh-like structure of mucin. For therapeutics that have gastric mucosa as target, this might limit the efficiency and decrease the drug absorption at the site. A smaller particle size, however, is advantageous because of

• the larger surface-area-to-volume ratio, which may result in more contact points with the tissue and increased mucoadhesion [27]. In addition, a nanoscale size leads to improved penetration through the pores of the mucin network, which have a size of approximately 500 nm [9][28], enhanced retention

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• nanoparticles with their surface attachment and solves longstanding nanoparticle adhesion and electrical contact issues. Irradiation of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper submerged in aqueous HAuCl4 solution by nanosecond laser pulses produced composites with uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on carbon

• fibers, taking advantage of the high internal surface area of carbon fiber paper. The pulsed laser-grafted composites exhibited zero measurable charge transfer resistance between gold nanoparticles and the carbon support, leading to superior cathode performance over conventionally prepared electrodes for

• that integrates the generation of nonequilibrium gold nanoparticles with their surface attachment on carbon fiber paper. This pulsed laser grafting approach solves longstanding adhesion and electrical contact issues. Instead of attaching ligand-capped nanoparticles to supports, nanoparticles are seeded

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• the optical bandgap of the films can be tuned from 1.47 ± 0.02 eV to 3.11 ± 0.14 eV. The surface morphology of the films studied using atomic force microscopy reveals that there is uniform grain growth on the surface. Various morphological parameters such as roughness, particle size, particle density

• resistivity of the films depends on the structure, grain boundary defects, and surface morphology of the films. These properties can be altered by varying the deposition method as well as the deposition parameters. In literature, there are several reports of zinc telluride films deposited using various

• ellipsometry (SE). The experimental parameters ψ and Δ were recorded at an incident angle of 70° with respect to film surface using a SENTECH ellipsometer in the wavelength range of 200–1000 nm. The thickness of the films was found to be 940 ± 0.53 nm, 623 ± 0.16 nm, 563 ± 0.02 nm, 337 ± 0.02 nm, and 200

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• equivalent of KMnO4 (added in two steps of 3 equiv each) were used relative to the graphite powder used. Chloroquine binds to the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets through noncovalent π–π interactions between the quinoline ring of Chl and the sp2 hybrid π-bonded carbon framework of graphene oxide. The

• -bonded networks and chromophore aggregation due to the presence of C=C, C=O, and C–O bonds [41]. The presence of a shoulder band around 295 nm corresponds to the well-defined n–π* electronic transitions due to the presence of C=O functional groups on the surface of GO. The appearance of the Chl

• ), 21.54% (C=O), 20.83% (C–O), and 20.09% (C–OH) in comparison to 7.27% (C=C) confirms the high content of oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of GO nanosheets. In contrast, the deconvoluted C (1s) core level of GO–Chl reveals the presence of GO and Chl associated C=C, C–N, C=N, C–Cl and COOH