Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• at length scales from a few to hundreds of nanometres, which makes this system well-suited to be characterized by scattering methods. In particular, recent advances [25][26] in detector technology for synchrotron-based in situ and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), now allow one to

• interest can only be accessed by developing, testing and validating relevant models and bespoke data analysis methods. In this study we show step-by-step how a scattering model was developed, verified and applied to time-resolved synchrotron-based SAXS data in which we followed in situ the lysozyme-induced

• of the time-resolved scattering patterns (Figure 1A), one can distinguish four characteristic time periods (I–IV) and one region of interest (ROI V), which spanned through periods II to IV. Period I corresponds to the initial ca. 24 s of the scattering patterns of silica NPs before the injection of

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• microscopy (cAFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) are the major methods that enable the study of the movement of charge carriers and their pathways [1]. We note that the KPFM method is rapidly becoming a tool capable of time-resolved studies. In this context, Yann Almadori and co-workers discuss the

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• temperature measurement if the entire peak shape is integrated in the calibration. Our universal calibration circumvents this problem and can be used for time-resolved applications. The temperature at the end of the Taylor cone increases due to the creation of a whispering gallery mode cavity with 980 nm

• excitation. We use time-resolved energy balance equations to support our optical temperature measurements inside the Taylor cone. We believe that the findings of this paper provide a foundation for time-resolved temperature measurements using NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles and can be used to

• understand temperature-dependent reactions such as protein unfolding inside microjet/microdroplets and microfluidic systems. Keywords: electrospray; microjet; nanothermometry; temperature measurement; time-resolved measurement; upconverting nanoparticles; Introduction There is need and interest to non

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• ULTRA 55 scanning electron microscope at high voltage of 20 kV. Photoluminescence spectra from 500 to 700 nm were recorded with a steady-state & time-resolved fluorescence spectrofluorometer (QM/TM/IM, Photon Technology International) in conjunction with a 980 nm diode laser. The power during

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• attributed to the S1→S0 (peaking at ca. 415 nm) fluorescence and T1→S0 (peaking at 503 nm) ligand phosphorescence. This assignment is supported by the time-resolved emission spectra recorded at 12 K excited at 350 nm (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1), which demonstrates a much faster time dependence

• , respectively. In addition, both compounds also exhibit a broad band from 400 to ca. 550 nm, particularly weak in the case of the former, attributed to the S1→S0 transition of the ligand. Accordingly, as exemplified in Figure S7 (Supporting Information File 1) with the [Tb(L)(ox)(H2O)] time-resolved 12 K

• the spectrofluorometer and the excitation spectra were corrected for the spectral distribution of the lamp intensity using a photodiode reference detector. Time-resolved measurements were carried out with the pulsed Xe–Hg lamp excitation, in front-face acquisition mode. The temperature was controlled

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• this context, few teams around the world have recently began to develop time-resolved scanning probe microscopies (SPM) techniques, aimed at addressing the photo-carrier dynamics at the local scale in photoactive materials and devices. At this point, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) emerged as a

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• . Keywords: carrier lifetime; ion migration; Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM); noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM); organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites; photostriction; single crystals; surface photovoltage (SPV); time-resolved surface photovoltage; Introduction Organic–inorganic hybrid

• the photocarrier transport on the sole basis of KPFM data. This uncertainty is largely due to the contributions of the ionic species to the surface potential contrasts [6][8][9][10]. Time-resolved measurements have especially shown that intra-grain ion-migration mechanisms [9] can significantly impact

• different densities. Different symbols (indicated in the figure captions) corresponding to each density are used hereafter to plot the curves. Spectroscopic and time-resolved measurements An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG, Keysight 33622A) was used to operate the laser sources in digital modulation mode

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• depend on the electric field strength. This confirms the existence of a peak in the curve of PL intensity (Figure 2a). Figure 2b shows the relative decay times (t/t0) of QD luminescence in the active and passive LC matrices as a function of the electric field strength. Time-resolved luminescence

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• ]. Selectivity and molecular cut-off depend strongly on pore size and the narrowness of its distribution. Studies of the molecular filtering properties were conducted by real-time fluorescence microscopy. Thus, the diffusion of fluorescent molecules or fluorescent-labeled macromolecules could be observed time

• -resolved. For this purpose a second, optically transparent measurement cell was made from PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). The fluid channels, each being 11 mm in length, 2 mm in width, and 3 mm in height, are mounted in cis (right side) and trans (left side) configuration to the membrane. Again appropriate

Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Sascha Sadewasser,
• Nicoleta Nicoara and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1272–1281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.119

• 10.3762/bjnano.9.119 Abstract Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has been used for the characterization of metals, insulators, and semiconducting materials on the nanometer scale. Especially in semiconductors, the charge dynamics are of high interest. Recently, several techniques for time-resolved

• deflection detection system. Finally, guidelines for avoiding such artifacts are given. Keywords: Kelvin probe force microscopy; time-resolved; Introduction Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) [1] has been widely used for the characterization of metals, insulators, and semiconducting materials on the

• characterization, and knowledge of the nanoscale charge-carrier dynamics can provide valuable insight into device functionality and limitations in device performance. As a consequence, recently, several techniques for time-resolved measurements with time resolution down to picoseconds have been developed. In the

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• , memory, logic, communications and sensing devices. Here, we report experimental and numerical investigation of ultrafast magnetization dynamics in a new type of antidot lattice in the form of triangular-shaped Ni80Fe20 antidots arranged in a hexagonal array. Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and

• triangular holes in future magnonic and spintronic devices. Keywords: ferromagnetic antidot lattice; magnonic crystal; micromagnetic simulations; spin-wave modes; time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect; Introduction Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have resulted in artificially patterned

• antidots. Here, we have focused on the detailed and systematic investigation of the magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional Py antidot lattices where nanostructured triangular holes are arranged in a hexagonal lattice using an all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr microscope. We have

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• within this limited timescale. Therefore, time-resolved imaging of magnetization switching is unfortunately not possible. An interesting analysis can be carried out by plotting the ratio of the length of the M1 domain to the length of the NW as a function of Beff, as shown in Figure 2e. A value of 1 or 0

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the ZnO film. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra indicated that a surface plasmonic effect exists with a fast rate of charge transfer from Au nanoparticles to the sub-micrometer ZnO sphere, which suggested the strong possibility of the use of the

• revealed that ZnO sub-micrometer spheres were deposited on the glass substrates and Au-decorated ZnO nanostructures were confirmed. Using photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, we investigate the SPR characteristics and ZnO exciton peaks, which complement

• time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, which in turn supported our study of the design of efficient NO2 sensing devices and photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes. The surface decoration of plasmonic Au nanoparticles has been demonstrated as an effective way to enhance the sensitivity and

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• time-resolved decay curves of Sa and Sb are well fitted with a tri-exponential function, while that of Se is fitted with a bi-exponential function. The fluorescence characteristic parameters, including the excitation (λex) and emission (λem) wavelengths, quantum yield (Φ), lifetime components (τ1, τ2

• lifetime (τ) was fitted by using the Edinburgh FLS980 software package. The average lifetime () was calculated according to the following equation where Bi is the fractional contribution of the time-resolved decay lifetime of τi. To further prove and demonstrate the fluorescent features of the C-dots, the

Changes of the absorption cross section of Si nanocrystals with temperature and distance

• Michael Greben,
• Petro Khoroshyy,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Jan Valenta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2315–2323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.231

• inverted microscope in the epifluorescence configuration with two detection branches for visible and near-infrared spectral regions, each one composed of an imaging spectrometer, and a camera for spectral and a photomultiplier for time-resolved PL detection. The output of the photomultipliers is coupled in

• “constant” signal background level of a detector. In the second approach, a combination of one mono- and one stretched-exponential (MSE) was used: where β is the dispersion factor, which varies from 0 to 1. Usually the onset (rise) PL dynamics is not analyzed in processing of time-resolved PL data. Recently

• ACS in both SL and ML samples was revealed after decreasing the temperature down to 120 K. A smaller occupation number of phonons and an expansion of the band gap of Si NCs at low temperatures were proposed to cause these phenomena. Time-resolved PL signals of multilayer samples (barrier layer (BL) is

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• either as autofluorescence spectroscopy or as induced fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The information on fluorescence lifetimes may be obtained using instruments with pulsed mode illumination and time-resolved detection [43]. The direct links between endogenous fluorophores and certain

• [104][105] revealed the enhancement of contrast between normal and pathological zones of tissue. Balas et al. [106] reported on using measurements for eliminating the surface reflectance component during time-resolved imaging of the whitening of cervical neoplasia after the application of acetic acid

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• , using time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements. The electron transfer time scales from the dyes to TiO2 have also been characterized for each dye. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and the wavelength-dependent photocurrent measurements of the co-sensitized DSSCs reveal that FRET between the

• the time-resolved fluorescence decay of the mixture of SQ2 and PPIX, FRET from PPIX to SQ2 has been confirmed. The DSSCs were co-sensitized with different molar ratios of the two dyes. The FRET-enhanced photocurrent and the anti-aggregating properties of PPIX have been experimentally proven to be the

• probe from Ocean Optics was used in this setup. The picosecond time-resolved spectroscopic studies have been carried out using a commercial time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) setup from Edinburgh Instruments. Picosecond pulsed lasers of 633 nm and 409 nm wavelengths have been used as

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• experiments or in a time-resolved fashion. Time-resolved measurements can reveal very unusual behavior of the reaction rate of radical pair recombination: this rate has an oscillatory component due to the coherent nature of singlet−triplet mixing [65][66][67]. The oscillations, often termed “quantum beats

• ”, are driven by HFC and Δg. Hence, the frequency of the quantum beats is given by HFCs and, when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong, also by the Δg-term, see Figure 7. Time-resolved MFEs allow one to obtain EPR parameters of radical pairs, which are often too short-lived for detection by

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• association with cells due to the formation of a biomolecular corona [41] reducing the high surface energy of the bare particle surface [36][38]. We next performed time resolved experiments (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9) where Caco-2 barriers (cultured for 21 days) were exposed to nanoparticles

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• . Photostability In addition to high quantum yields and a high brightness, the fluorescence stability of the dye is of particular importance for STED imaging [59]. Especially, when this technique is used to address more complex tasks such as time-resolved or three-dimensional imaging. Therefore, the photostability

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• also the rate-limiting step of the growth. The authors of [43] applied the surface diffusion model to explain fast growth rates of SWCNTs in the thermal CVD process at temperatures as low as 600 °C. In [41], Helveg with co-authors performed the first time-resolved in situ HRTEM studies on the formation

• [68], time-resolved XPS studies showed the formation of chemisorbed carbon on Fe catalyst and carbidic carbon before the nanotube growth, with their further transformation to sp2 graphitic carbon network. The question of the formation of the intermediate metastable carbidic phases during the nanotube

• -substrate interface and the base-growth was observed in the opposite case. The base-growth was reported for MWCNTs in [61][96][97] and SWCNTs in [29][59][61][64][98]. The tip-growth was observed for MWCNTs in [41][59][60][81] and SWCNTs in [99][100][101]. In [41][59][60][61][64][99], time-resolved in situ

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• is crossed and ionized by the beam of a pulsed vacuum-ultraviolet fluorine (F2) laser. The laser pulse has an energy of up to 1.1 mJ in 10 ns at a wavelength of 157.6 nm. The base pressure in the chamber was 6 × 10−7 mbar. The post-ionized particles were then extracted and the time-resolved ion

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

• signal to noise ratio. The acquired histogram was averaged over many cycles. The count rate under RF pulses was typically 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Figure 4b shows the time-resolved optical emission versus the electrical signal amplitude applied with the pulse generator. The optical signal of the WG-CNT

• detector [22] (SNSPD or SSPD, SCONTEL). The photon arrival times were accumulated into a histogram with 4 ps bin size using a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) unit [23] (Picoharp 300, PicoQuant), triggered by the time-synchronized pulse generator. This allows for the measurement of time

• -resolved, low-intensity signals and an estimation of the emission decay. The light collection efficiency of the fiber-coupled system is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the free-space setup. This is due to the limited bandwidth of the grating coupler (ca. 50 nm) and the lower numerical

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• , Japan). The PL was measured using a spectrophotometer (Fluromax-4, Horiba Jobin-Yvon, Kyoto, Japan), and the lifetime was measured using the fluorescence lifetime spectrophotometer (ChronosBH, ISS, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA). The nanosecond time-resolved emission profiles were fitted to an exponential