Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• inorganic core, exemplified by the S–Au bond formed between cysteine-containing molecules and gold NPs [90][91][92]. Actively targeted AuNCs can also be prepared using bioactive peptides or proteins via a one-step biomineralization process, in which case the peptide or protein serves the purpose of both

• clearance. In vivo experiments performed in tumor-bearing mice revealed that the Au content in PSMA-expressing tumors was two- to threefold higher than in tumors lacking PSMA expression. Furthermore, the targeted AuNCs reached a tumor accumulation of around 8.9% ID/g compared to 2% ID/g for non-targeted

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• photocatalytic efficiency. For years, doping of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into a semiconductor matrix has been extensively studied to enhance photocatalytic CH4 oxidation performance. Metal NPs in, for example, Au/TiO2, Au@Pd/ZnO, and Pt@Cu/TiO2 composites act as electron scavenger centers and own more free

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• difference (LCPD) between a probe tip and a surface, related to the work function. Here we use this technique to map the LCPD of graphene nanoribbons grown on a Au(111) substrate. The LCPD data shows charge transfer between the graphene nanoribbons and the gold substrate. Our results are corroborated with

• ] and p-doping by Bi, Sb, and Au substrates [2]. Confining graphene to nanostructures [6][7], for example, to graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), that is, few nanometers wide stripes of graphene, opens additional possibilities of tuning the electronic properties by creating quantum-confined states [8] and

• bandgap [12], which is also related to the work function. GNRs can be synthesized with atomic precision in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment using on-surface synthesis [13]. This synthesis is well known on coinage metals, namely, Cu, Ag, and Au, which possess a high electron density. To study these unique

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , leading to superior functionality and enhanced metal sensing capabilities [111]. He et al. developed fluorescent fibers from alginate reinforced with gold (Au) nanoclusters by using a wet-spinning technique [112]. The fluorescent fibers exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Hg2

• +. Based on the quenching effect, a design for a “turn-off” fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ and Hg2+ detection with detection limits of 187.99 and 82.14 nM, respectively, was developed. Furthermore, the Au-loaded alginate-based fibers outperformed the pristine Ca-ALG fibers in terms of mechanical properties

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• ) laser melting in liquid (LML), and (iii) laser defect engineering in liquid (LDL) [16]. In our previous work, we fabricated Ag–Cu alloy NPs using the femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation approach [17]. Similarly, Ag/Au alloy NPs were fabricated by laser ablation of single metal targets in water followed

• et al. [20] achieved size-controllable Au NPs in stable solutions via femtosecond laser fragmentation, tuning sizes by adjusting fluence. This technique is employed to create various categories of alloy NPs [21]. Alloying by LASiS can mitigate undesired features associated with plasmonic materials

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• presented in the conference proceedings [12]. This configuration 1 (called sample 1) had additional parasitic contact resistances to the M-shaped CNT block. The new configuration 2 (called sample 2) used direct Au whisker contacts to the CNT block with much lower contact resistances for reliable

• of the M-shaped bolometer design. The final design with a micro-nano integration using optimized contacts between the Cr/Au pads and the M-shaped CNT block can then be achieved with additional CNT blocks on the Cr/Au pads as shown in [7]. Furthermore, this research embarks on a comprehensive

• was deposited by atomic layer deposition to support the elongated growth of CNTs (Figure 1a). The contact pad regions were opened by an optical lithography process prior to the evaporation of Cr/Au (20 nm, e-beam/100 nm, thermal) (Figure 1b). The overall M-shape for the CNT growth as shown in Figure

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• , exposure to various types of NPs (Au, Ag, SiO2, and Fe3O4) was found to change the content of EV-containing miRNAs [72]. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved to analyze exosome markers with and without incubation with NPs. Nanoparticles under development for drug delivery are made from

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• carried out by Wen et al. [41]. Wang et al. employed ab initio MD to describe the melting of icosahedral Au nanoclusters [42]. The structural and thermal stability of high-index-faceted Pt NPs was addressed by Zeng et al. [43]. Similarly, the thermal stability of unsupported Au NPs was investigated by

• molecular dynamics [44]. The strong decrease of the melting point of small Au NPs compared to bulk Au was quantified by Qiao et al. [45]. Nayebi and Zaminpayma [46] as well as Shim et al. [47] studied the crystallization of liquid Au NPs. The dependence of the surface energy of gold NPs on their size and

• shape was looked into by Holec et al. [48], while Martin et al. considered silver NPs [49]. A comparative study of surface disorder in Au and Ag NPs upon cooling was carried out by Agudelo-Giraldo et al. [50]. Chushak and Bartell considered the structural modifications upon freezing of several molten Au

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It was recently achieved for gold deposits by the co-injection of a water precursor and the gold precursor Au(tfac)Me2. In this work results are reported, using the same approach, on a different gold precursor, Au(acac)Me2, as well as the frequently used platinum

• pure gold structures in a single process step using the co-injection of the precursor Au(tfac)Me2 and water. This inspired the present work, in which we aim for the direct deposition of high-purity Au and Pt nanostructures achieved through the co-injection of water and the precursors Au(acac)Me2 and

• , during electron beam exposure, successful purification of the deposited material occurs only if the deposited metal is inherently resistant to oxidation, such as Au, Pt, and Ru [34]. In the case of iron [35], the removal of carbon is accompanied by a large incorporation of oxygen in the deposit

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• used for NMs (e.g., “Au nanoparticles”) to refer to a family of materials combining different sizes and/or coating materials that can have different properties. Hence, ECHA defined a set of relevant physicochemical parameters to identify and register nanoforms, including six compulsory requirements

• the relevance of their distribution along the molecule. However, the core of the NMs is typically composed by chemicals with a simpler and repetitive chemical structure. Most inorganic materials are composed of single elements (e.g., Au or Ag) or binary compounds (e.g., Fe2O3, CdSe, or SiO2). The most

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• offered by the same two metals in the bulk, such as Au and Ni [4]. Alloying immiscible elements is feasible in the nanoscale regime because the enthalpy of the mixture decreases as the size of the nanoparticles decreases, and it generally becomes negative below a certain particle size [5]. Silver

• promote twin proliferation, which favored the production of Pd−Au Janus icosahedra. In the same experimental setup, they also promoted twin elongation, which aided the production anisotropic Pd@Au core–shell starfish-like structures. As it is known, icosahedral nanoparticles are formed by 20 tetrahedral

• subunits. The authors obtained a low concentration of Au atoms in one side of the Pd decahedral seed at a slow injection rate. This eventually produced an asymmetric growth mode at a slow kinetic rate, transforming the decahedron into a PdAu icosahedron with five tetrahedra rich in Pd, and the other 15

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• spectrum as there are four atoms in the primitive cell. Out of these modes, only the Ag and two Bg modes are Raman-active. The next three modes (Au + 2Bu) are acoustic, whereas six modes (3Au + 3Bu) are IR-active [56][57]. Figure 5 shows the Raman spectra measured for as-grown, 2× and 3× CuO/Si samples. A

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• , trapezoid, and rectangular shapes (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1). Only part of the NWs had Au catalyst particles at the end of the NW, which is an indication of VLS growth; therefore, suggesting that a large portion of NWs grew via the self-catalytic vapour–solid (VS) mechanism [24

• with Au nanoparticles (NPs, 100 nm of diameter, water suspension, Alfa Aesar) were positioned in a lower-temperature region 10 cm away from the furnace centre. Au NPs served as catalysts for the vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism. The reactor was heated to 1010 °C (high-temperature zone) under

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• diffraction (XRD), and FTIR, respectively, to establish physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. Results Synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and zeta potential Anisotropic gold nanoparticles of makura shape were synthesized using seed-mediated approach as shown in Figure 1a. The Au seeds were

• prepared as shown in step 1 and were used subsequently in step 2 for the preparation of AuNMs. Figure 1b shows the absorption spectra of Au seed capped with different surfactants. Absorption spectra of CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM in the range of visible to NIR are shown in Figure 1c. The absorption

• introducing ascorbic acid indicated partial reduction of Au3+ to Au+, since ascorbic acid is a weak reducing agent. The introduction of seeds rapidly changed the colourless solution into blue, indicating complete reduction of Au+ to Au0. This was due to diffusion of Au0 atoms toward the {111} facet of the

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• solvated molecular precursors and is excited itself. LRL was first published by Shafeev et al. in 1986, who reduced triphenylphosphine Au(I) complexes to form Au nanoparticles on different materials such as GaAs [33] and was recently extended to synchronous LRL of multiple elements into high-entropy

• nuclear reactions such as the (alpha) decay of uranium in the proximity of Au nanoparticles [40][41]. This LSPC process variant has also been called pulsed laser photoreduction/-oxidation in liquids (LPL) [42], and LRL has recently been reviewed by the Tibbetts group emphasizing the involved redox

• % [68][69], while platinum surfaces are partially oxidized with 20–73% [70][92], and nickel particles are completely oxidized [70]. This was further investigated by Kalus et al., who ablated seven different metals (Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ti, and Al) in water while quantifying the formed hydrogen and oxygen

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• ring electrode for mechanical excitation. The QTF surface features a set of three metallic electrodes evaporated on it. Their chemical composition has been characterized by EDS as consisting of a ≃200 nm thick layer of Au on a thinner chromium layer to favor the adhesion and wetting of Au. The massive

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• at a low coverage, for example, PTCDA on Au(433) and Au(778) [16], a 1:1 mixture of PTCDI and 1,4-bis(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)benzene on Au(11 11 12) [17], and nickel-tetraphenyl-porphyrin on Au (788) [18]. Here, we report on the growth of an organic molecule, namely 5,12-dihydroquino[2,3-b

• before, for example, PTCDA on Au(433) and Au(778) [16], a 1:1 mixture of PTCDI and 1,4-bis(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)benzene on Au(11 11 12) [17], α-6T on Ag(441) [39], and nickel tetraphenylporphyrin on Au (788) [18]. Deposition at 400 K Interestingly, after the deposition of QA onto Ag(35 1 1) at an

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• ) trifluoroacetylacetonate (Au(tfac)Me2) [16] or neopentasilane (Si5H12) [17] to produce Fe–Au alloy nanostructures and Fe–Si binary compounds, respectively. More recently, diiron nonacarbonyl (Fe2(CO)9) has received particular attention [5][6][18][19][20]. With this precursor and applying high beam energies, nanopillars

• phase [30][31][32][33][34], of clusters of the precursor [35][36][37][38], or of Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on surfaces [27][39][40][41][42][43] with the aim to provide insight into the chemical reactions inherent in the FEBID process. A recent surface science study was performed on Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on a Au

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• ) and from the BSE (SE2) [6][7][8]. An example of a line deposited from a carbon precursor on a silicon substrate, coated with a 20 nm Au–Pd layer and a 5 nm Ti adhesion layer, is shown in Figure 1a, clearly showing the broad (black) tails on both sides of the line. The cross section of the line, made

• within which SE2 are created is larger in the Si substrate than in the C deposit (2.7 and 1.6 μm, respectively [24]). Note that the thin Au–Pd and Ti coating is ignored here, as most of the interaction volume will be in the underlying Si substrate at 20 keV. Therefore, the width of the distribution of SE

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• . However, during prolonged heat treatment (lasting minutes or more), surface atom diffusion can lead to morphological changes in NWs even at temperatures several hundred degrees below the melting point of the material [26][27]. Sintering of Ag and Au NWs at intersections can occur at temperatures as low as

• Au NWs have a pentagonal cross-section, meaning that for NWs deposited on a flat substrate, 1/5 of the NW surface is in contact with the substrate [35]. This aspect should unavoidably have an influence on the total surface energy of NW. Therefore, in addition to parameters such as temperature, time

• shorter fragments in a similar way as it generally happens with heated Ag and Au NWs on a flat Si substrate [27]. This process is commonly explained by the phenomenon known as Rayleigh instability [48][49][50]. According to our understanding, stresses that arise at the interface between the NW and the

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• ], and other analytical measurements regarding food, medical, and environmental issues [12][13][14]. Undeniably, SERS is the future for sensor design. So far, most achievements regarding SERS rely on the development of plasmonic materials. Noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, and Cu) are the most important group

• nanoparticles (Au NPs) were the first to be fabricated in DESs [28][29]. SERS platforms based on Au NPs-DES whose sensitivity and durability are competitive to the other materials were successfully constructed [29][30]. However, no attention has been paid to the potential of DESs in the fabrication of Ag NPs

• . The similarities between Ag NPs and Au NPs, with the higher LSPR and SERS performance of Ag NPs [18][31], led to the innovative idea of Ag NPs synthesis in DESs. In this work, we present a novel strategy to fabricate Ag NPs and demonstrate our hypothesis about the application of DESs in stabilizing Ag

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• , 5 min). The Ar+ beam enclosed an angle of 15° with the surface normal and exhibited a flux of ≈0.01 1/(nm2·s). A chemically etched (NaOH, 0.1 M) W wire (purity: 99.99%, diameter: 50 μm) was used as the tip material. Tips were cleaned by field emission on and indentations into a clean Au(111) crystal

• and, presumably, coated with a Au film. The tip shape was further sharpened by single-atom transfers from the tip to the sample surface [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Topographic STM data were recorded in constant-current as well as constant-height modes with the bias voltage applied to the sample

• bond formation (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). The propensity to form a chemical bond between the Au tip apex atom and C atoms close to the center of type-1 defects is likewise reflected by the occurrence of hysteresis loops in Δf and I approach and retraction traces. Figure 5 compares Δf

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• and increased the survival rate of cells under high H2O2 concentration. In vivo results of another experiment demonstrated the ROS scavenging ability of Au@Cu2O heterostructures in a zebrafish model, which is an organism with morphological and physiological functions similar to those of humans [48

• delivery but also enhances stability and biocompatibility. Recently, Shang et al. used a Au/Cu1.6O/P–C3N5/Arg@HA nanocomposite hydrogel spray coupled with ultrasound for diabetic wound healing (Figure 4) [162]. This nanocomposite spray exhibited five types of enzyme-like activities, that is, CAT-, SOD

• treatments. Recently, Wang et al. developed multifunctional Au/Ag nanodots (Au/AgNDs) as “pilot light” for real-time guided surgery (Figure 5) [170]. The authors proved that Au/AgNDs enhanced the deposition of ionizing radiation energy, increased intracellular ROS generation, and significantly improved

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• Discussion The AAO template was fabricated by directly anodizing a ca. 1 µm thick aluminum (Al) film on a silicon (Si) substrate covered with 200 nm SiO2 and patterned Ti/Au (5/50 nm) bottom electrodes. It has pores with a diameter of around 35 nm, an interpore distance of around 50 nm, and a height of

• around 1 µm. The electrodeposition of multilayered nanowires was carried out in situ using a three-electrode potentiostat in the pulsed mode [20] at 25 °C. Note that the nanowires were selectively deposited in the pores on the top of the Ti/Au bottom electrodes as shown in Figure 1a. Therefore, most of

• which are near the surface of the AAO template. (b) SEM image of nanowire-based devices. The measured nanowire array was contacted by the patterned Au bottom electrode and the Al top electrode. (c) Sketch of the cross section of the device. (a) SEM image of nanowires after the AAO template was removed

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• sensors while simultaneously maintaining an ultrahigh sensitivity (GF ≈ 12274). Sun et al. developed a novel strain sensor by combining double-layer micropatterned Au and SWCNTs to achieve a strain sensor with a GF as high as 3.4 × 106 under 100% strain [27]. He et al. successfully fabricated a sandwich

• sensor that exhibits both high sensitivity and a wide range of strain through the combined integration of a cracked thin metal and a 3D helical substrate. The fabrication process involves depositing a Au thin film onto a PDMS substrate with helical structure, followed by pre-stretching to induce

• microcracks in the Au thin film. The resistance of the sensor is altered when strain is applied because of the separation of overlapping scales and the generation of cracks in the gold thin film. The strain sensor is fabricated through a straightforward preparation method, resulting in an exceptionally high