Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• [19], or dermal application [20]. More recent studies conducted on rhenium-doped MoS2 nanoparticles showed no acute toxic risk, neither by oral administration nor by dermal application [21][22]. A few years ago, Teo et al. compared the cytotoxicity of exfoliated MoS2, WS2, and WSe2 to that of their

• carbon equivalent and found the toxicity of the former to be lower [23]. Wu et al. produced biocompatible MoS2 nanoparticles by a pulsed laser ablation technique [24]. Examples of medical applications with TMDC nanostructures are their addition as reinforcing agents to polymers for bone-tissue

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• batteries has been demonstrated as an effective way to overcome the shuttle effect and enhance the cycling stability. In this work, the anchoring effects of 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers for Li–S batteries were investigated by using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the binding

• energies of Li2Sx absorbed on 1T'-MoS2 monolayer are in the range of 0.31–2.94 eV, which is much higher than on the 2H-phase. The 1T'-MoS2 monolayer shows stronger trapping ability for Li2Sx than the 2H-MoS2 monolayer. The 1T'-MoS2 monolayer can be used as effective anchoring material in cathodes for Li–S

• [11]. Polar materials were explored to trap LPSs, such as metal oxide [12][13] and metal-carbide nanoparticles [14]. Many two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as borophene [15], silicene [16], phosphorene [17], Mxene [18] and MoS2 [8], have been investigated as anchoring materials due to their large

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• dichalcogenide (2D TMDC) materials. However, it is very challenging to carry out such studies during chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here, we report the first, real time, in situ study of the CVD growth of 2D TMDCs. More specifically, the CVD growth of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer on sapphire

• substrates has been monitored in situ using differential transmittance spectroscopy (DTS). The growth of the MoS2 monolayer can be precisely followed by observation of the evolution of the characteristic optical features. Consequently, a strong correlation between the growth rate of the MoS2 monolayer and

• spectroscopy; molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer; two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDC); Introduction Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMDC) materials have drawn wide attention because of their fascinating physical and chemical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Given

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

• Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

• that since there is a large probability of a direct collision interaction within the overlying two-dimensional material in this range (as it was shown for typical and common 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2 in [1][4]), the beginning of the increase is expected to be upshifted on the horizontal

• atoms in WS2 [19] to almost 32 eV for molybdenum in MoS2 [18] (this range includes values of ≈5–7 eV for S and Se in 2D TMDs [18][19] and ≈22–23 eV in graphene [20][21][22]). However, in [1] it was shown that, except for participating in the defect formation in adsorbed monolayers, the substrate can

• electrons in the defect formation in monolayers is in accordance with the previously reported experiments [34]. The effect is expected to be more pronounced for semiconducting 2D materials, such as MoS2 and other 2D TMDs, where the electronic energy dissipation is less rapid than, for example, in graphene

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• realizable application. On the other hand, exploring molecular functionalities under ambient conditions on technologically relevant two-dimensional surfaces such as graphene or MoS2 is highly desirable for realizing the full potential of molecules for a diverse range of devices [7][8][9][10][11]. At room

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• addition, the long-term moisture-retaining property of the WG-hydrogel provides an ideal substrate to cast other kinds of two-dimensional material films, such as MoS2, through a simple drop casting and drying method [16][17][18]. (a) Schematic of the preparation of the graphene/water-glycerol (WG) hydrogel

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• effect. Apart from this, these TMDCs, for example MoS2 and MoSe2, show an indirect to direct band gap transition [13][14][15][16][17]. A 2D platinum diselenide (PtSe2) material has recently joined the growing class of stable TMDCs due its promising applications. The 2D PtSe2 has not been explored much to

• found to be −0.014 and −0.008, respectively. The nature of the temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of PtSe2 nanosheets is found to be similar in nature to that of graphene and other 2D materials such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2, BP, TiS3, multilayer graphene, and MoTe2 [29][31][32][33][34]. A

• conductivity of the sensor device, similar to that observed for other 2D materials such as SnSe2 [35], MoS2 [36], BP [26], and MoSe2 [37]. Figure 7b shows a typical current–time (I–t) plot where cycles of 11.3% and 97.3% RH levels were used to calculate the response and recovery time. The response and recovery

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , e.g., MoS2, WS2 [16][17], black phosphorus (BP) [18]), and topological insulators (TIs, e.g., Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 [19][20], graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) [21]). In the PQS regime, such structures enable the generation of nanosecond pulses at high repetition rates (up to MHz) and they are attractive for

• commercial graphene-SA containing several (n = 3) carbon layers, a SA based on randomly oriented SWCNTs in a PMMA film [32], and a few-layer MoS2 SA [31]. One can observe a similar broadband absorption feature for the ZnO NRs as in these reference SAs. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of ZnO NRs grown for

• much lower compared, e.g., with the few-layer MoS2 SA (0.5 MW/cm2) [31] which can be due to the at least partial coupling of light inside the NRs thus enhancing the light–matter interaction. Previously, the absorption saturation of ZnO nanocrystals in a polymer film was studied [26] at 1.560 µm also

Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing

• José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel,
• Belita Koiller and
• María José Calderón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2668–2673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.249

• instance, MoS2[32] or h-BN [33]) and the experimentally reported values lie in a wide range [32]. Typically, the dielectric constant of monolayer materials is expected to be smaller than their 3D counterparts, as their screening capabilities are reduced at low dimensionality [29][33]. All this variability

• . Using meff and ε for MoS2 and h-BN in Table 1, we obtain = 2.2–2.7 Å and = −1.59 eV, and = 0.5 Å and = −15 eV. (b) Energies for two electrons bound to a donor pair as a function of the inter-donor distance R, see Supporting Information File 1 for the definition of the wave function. (c) Exchange J

• in effective units as a function of the separation between donors. For R = 2a*, J = 0.156 Ry*. For this distance, assuming ε = 5 and using the effective masses in Table 1, JZnS = 16 meV, JCdS = 14 meV, JCdSe = 11 meV, JSiC = 55 meV. Using meff and ε for MoS2 and h-BN in Table 1, we get = 50–60 meV

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• , which can occur through precursor events. These phenomena were investigated in macroscopic-friction experiments [89][90] and simulated by means of several theoretical approaches [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]. Notice however that a different behavior was observed for Sb particles on MoS2. Here

• [101] leading to a size-dependent breakdown of structural lubricity. As anticipated, the critical length scale depends sensitively on the ratio between the slider elasticity and the interaction forces with the substrate. Consequently, this transition was experimentally observed only for the MoS2

• research groups have been investigating the frictional properties of nanoscale systems confined between two sliding blocks. This intendedly vague indication of “systems” includes liquid lubricants in the boundary-lubrication regime, but also solid lubricants such as graphite or graphene or MoS2 flakes

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• hydrogen. Two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer thin materials, such as monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], have demonstrated many fascinating properties, including the substitution of Pt as an electrocatalyst for HER. 2D MoS2 has been widely studied

• . Yue et al. [42] investigated the electronic properties of monolayer MoS2 under elastic strain and found that the direct-to-indirect transition of MoS2 occurs at a strain of 0.01, and the semiconductor-to-metal transition occurs at a strain of 0.10. Huang et al. [22] reported that both compressive (−11

• %) and tensile (14%) strain can trigger the semiconductor–metal transition in the SnSe2 monolayer. Furthermore, Scalise et al. [15] showed that the electronic structure of the MoS2 monolayer can be reversibly tuned from direct to indirect by applying strain (ca. 2%). Much research effort has been devoted

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• ), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.9.160 Abstract Densely populated edge-terminated vertically aligned two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 20 nm were directly synthesized on Mo films

• transferred NSs sample showed excellent field-emission properties. A low turn-on field of 3.1 V/μm at a current density of 10 µA/cm2 was measured. The low turn-on field is attributed to the morphology of the NSs exhibiting vertically aligned sheets of MoS2 with sharp and exposed edges. Our findings show that

• the fabricated MoS2 NSs could have a great potential as robust high-performance electron-emitter material for various applications such as microelectronics and nanoelectronics, flat-panel displays and electron-microscopy emitter tips. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition (CVD); field emission

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• ][16], phosphorene [9], siligraphene (SiC5) [10] and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) [11][17] possess a high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity making them the ideal candidates for gas sensors. In particular, investigations of XS2-based (X = Mo, W) monolayer nanodevices demonstrate that

• they are ultra-sensitive to a number of molecules that are important in environmental studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. More specifically, it has been suggested that MoS2 exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity to the adsorption of paramagnetic gases such as NO and NO2 [11]. Single-layer MoS2 has

• been confirmed to be a good candidate for fabricating field-effect transistor (FET) sensors for NO with high mobility at room temperature [17], and the detection offers a high sensitivity and rapid current response. However, the detailed mechanism regarding the interaction between the MoS2 surface and

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• . Figure 5 depicts the frictional shear stress τ as a function of the contact area. The average shear stress is τ ≈ 9.9 MPa for the Al particles and 12.2 MPa for Pd particles. The values of shear stress in experiments (Figure 2 in [7]) for Sb particles on MoS2 substrate varies from 1 MPa to 3 MPa with

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• emerging new group of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which have significant electrical, optical, and transport properties. MoS2 is one of the well-known 2D materials in this group, which is a semiconductor with controllable band gap based on its structure. The hydrothermal

• process is known as one of the scalable methods to synthesize MoS2 nanostructures. In this study, the gas sensing properties of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes, which were prepared from molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) by a facile hydrothermal method, have been studied. Material characterization was performed

• functional theory; gas sensor; hydrothermal method; methanol; MoS2 nanoflakes; xylene vapor; Introduction Recent efforts in exploring two-dimensional (2D) materials have led to the introduction of a new family of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which show remarkable electrical

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• well as on the band structure of contacting materials [86], and can be modulated by an applied source–drain bias in the on state of a NEM switch. For example, the change in the transport mechanism from direct tunnelling at low drain bias to FN tunnelling at the higher drain bias was shown for a Pd–MoS2

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• Å has been precisely measured for the (4 × 4) structure [8][9][10]. Silicene growth has also been reported on other substrates, such as Ir [11], ZrB2 [12], or MoS2 [13], although the precise crystallographic structure of these layers has not been elucidated yet. In spite of its atomic structure

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• deposition [12][13][14]. MX2 has received tremendous attention as an alternative to graphite for the anode material in LIBs [15][16]. In particular, MoS2 has been well-investigated as an anode material for LIBs both theoretically and experimentally. A graphene like-MoS2/graphene composite was shown to

• exhibit a high specific capacity of 1400 mA h/g and good rate performance as well as cycling ability [17]. It was reported that MoS2 zigzag nanoribbons are promising electrode materials for LIBs with a high power density and fast charge/discharge rates [18]. The presence of structural defects can enhance

• the adsorption of Li atoms onto two-dimensional materials. Different from the situation where Li atoms are trapped by the defects in graphene, the presence of structural defects does not affect the diffusion of lithium [19]. The main drawback of MoS2 is its poor electrical conductivity. Various

Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• that franckeite is a semiconductor with narrow band gap. Other 2D semiconductors, such as MoS2, present refractive indexes whose imaginary part vanishes within the visible region of the spectrum. Moreover, the refractive index of transition-metal dichalcogenides shows sharp features associated to the

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• , Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.196 Abstract We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of the growth of sub-monolayer amounts of silicon (Si) on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). At room temperature and low deposition rates we have found compelling evidence that the deposited Si

• atoms intercalate between the MoS2 layers. Our evidence relies on several experimental observations: (1) Upon the deposition of Si on pristine MoS2 the morphology of the surface transforms from a smooth surface to a hill-and-valley surface. The lattice constant of the hill-and-valley structure amounts

• to 3.16 Å, which is exactly the lattice constant of pristine MoS2. (2) The transitions from hills to valleys are not abrupt, as one would expect for epitaxial islands growing on-top of a substrate, but very gradual. (3) I(V) scanning tunneling spectroscopy spectra recorded at the hills and valleys

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• bilayer germanene on Cu(111) at room temperature. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy showed a “V” shaped density of states, which was also observed by Zhang et al. [12], who synthesized germanene on MoS2 at room temperature. Al(111) was chosen as a substrate to deposit germanene by Derivaz et al. [13] with

α-Silicene as oxidation-resistant ultra-thin coating material

• Ali Kandemir,
• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.182

• calculations [9]. Bulk forms of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are well-known coating materials, and the respective 2D TMDs can be used as surface protection. In addition, MoS2 is one of the most widely used lubricant coating material [10]. Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that

• single-layer MoS2 and single layer W(S/Se)2 can be used as a protective nanocoating material [11][12][13][14]. One of the most challenging members of the 2D material family is silicene [15][16][17][18][19], the silicon analogue of graphene. After theoretical prediction [18], silicene was synthesized [19

Adsorption and diffusion characteristics of lithium on hydrogenated α- and β-silicene

• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Ali Kandemir,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1742–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.175

• atoms with silicene is stronger than with graphene, and the adsorption of metal atoms leads to the metalization of silicene [37]. It was calculated that the adsorption of Li atoms results in the stabilization of the unstable distorted T-phase of MoS2 [38]. In addition, Zr-based MXenes were found to be