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Search for "cross sections" in Full Text gives 232 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al2O3/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

  • Piotr Caban,
  • Rafał Pietruszka,
  • Jarosław Kaszewski,
  • Monika Ożga,
  • Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Krzysztof Kopalko,
  • Piotr Kuźmiuk,
  • Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
  • Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
  • Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

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  • of GaAs, which is seen on the SEM images of cross-sections and in the RMS values. Conversely, the samples treated with the ammonium hydroxide solution exhibit a high smoothness (i.e., low RMS values). This effect was observed before and is related to the presence of surface hydroxyls promoting a
  • covered with a pattern of AZO crystallites. Worth mentioning are the samples bathed in NH4OH solution (A4, B4), as they exhibit a fine-grained uniform surface. In the cross-sections obtained by SEM (insets in Figure 3 and Figure 4), one can see the approx. 50 nm thick AZO layers for all the samples. The
  • and SEM and the value obtained for the AZO layer thickness was approx. 50 nm in the cross-sections. The topography of the surface depends on the substrate preparation method. The lowest roughness (by means of RMS) was found in the samples etched with ammonium hydroxide solution. Also, these samples
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Published 28 Jun 2021

Simulation of gas sensing with a triboelectric nanogenerator

  • Kaiqin Zhao,
  • Hua Gan,
  • Huan Li,
  • Ziyu Liu and
  • Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 507–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.41

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  • as a function of ds. (f) TENG potential difference of rectangular cross sections with different side lengths. (a) The potential of TENG with different injected gases at (a) ds = 0.1 mm, (b) ds = 0.5 mm, and (c) ds = 1 mm. (a) Schematic diagram of an isosceles triangle TENG with injected gases. (b
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Published 28 May 2021

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

  • Reimer Karstens,
  • Thomas Chassé and
  • Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

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  • resublimed before usage. The materials were evaporated from temperature-controlled crucibles. The nominal layer thickness was estimated from substrate- and adsorbate-related XPS intensity ratios using photoemission cross sections from Yeh and Lindau [41]. A nominal monolayer of lying molecules corresponds to
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Published 21 May 2021

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

  • Victor Deinhart,
  • Lisa-Marie Kern,
  • Jan N. Kirchhof,
  • Sabrina Juergensen,
  • Joris Sturm,
  • Enno Krauss,
  • Thorsten Feichtner,
  • Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
  • Michael Schneider,
  • Dieter Engel,
  • Bastian Pfau,
  • Bert Hecht,
  • Kirill I. Bolotin,
  • Stephanie Reich and
  • Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

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  • ubiquitous in ion beam machining with well-established applications in material characterization, for example, TEM lamella fabrication, cross sections or tomographies [19][20], or in the fabrication of prototype nanostructures, such as plasmonic antennas [2]. In contrast, appropriate fields of application
  • results in analytic shape geometries. For rasterization of the obtained geometries, different line-by-line raster styles are available, such as serpentines or cross sections. Further, shapes can be off-set along their normal direction. If provided by the manufacturer, such curves may be loaded into the
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Published 06 Apr 2021

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

  • Wescley Walison Valeriano,
  • Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
  • Juan Pablo Vasco,
  • Angelo Malachias,
  • Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
  • Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
  • Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

Graphical Abstract
  • the cross sections of the wing between the dashed lines in Figure 6. These average profiles were obtained by averaging all the 128 profiles that constitute each map shown in Figure 6, that is, in (a) the red region, in (b) the blue region, and in (c) the yellow/green region. The peaks and valleys
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Published 28 Jan 2021

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

  • Matthias Schmidt,
  • James M. Byrne and
  • Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

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Published 04 Jan 2021

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

  • Patryk Florków,
  • Damian Krychowski and
  • Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

Graphical Abstract
  • diagram presented earlier (Figure 9a) with double-degeneracy lines and two threefold-degeneracy points, one can expect Kondo SU(2) lines and two different Kondo SU(3) resonances. The vertical dashed lines in Figure 9a indicate the cross sections for which we present the conduction curves. Figure 11a
  • +⟩, and |e−1−⟩. Figure 11c, in turn, presents the conductance for cross sections through two SU(2) points, namely the hole Kondo state SU1(2) (|h−1+⟩, |h1+⟩) and the electron–hole Kondo state SU2(2) (|h1+⟩, |e−1−⟩). At the SU(3) Kondo points, partial conductances corresponding to the states taking part in
  • ground states for B > 0 and brackets in red are the ground states for B < 0. Insets show the dependencies on the magnetic field of energies of the single-particle states |↑0⟩, |↓0⟩, |0↑⟩ and |0↓⟩ (red, blue, gray and black lines, respectively) plotted for the cross sections denoted by the dotted black
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Published 23 Dec 2020

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

  • Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
  • Rafael F. Dias,
  • Ana P. M. Barboza,
  • Alan B. de Oliveira,
  • Taise M. Manhabosco,
  • Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
  • Matheus J. S. Matos,
  • Andreij C. Gadelha,
  • Cassiano Rabelo,
  • Luiz G. L. Cançado,
  • Ado Jorio,
  • Hélio Chacham and
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

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  • )/2 and d0 = d − h, are parameters for the proposed continuum model. Carbon atom positions (gray circles) in cross sections of folded edges in (a) monolayer graphene and (b) three-layered graphene, as obtained through MD simulations. In both panels the red and black lines that superimpose the atomic
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Published 30 Nov 2020

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

  • Jari Järvi,
  • Patrick Rinke and
  • Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

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  • translational and rotational barriers. The translational energy barriers were computed using 2D x–y cross sections (grid of 100 × 100 points) of the predicted 6D PES, as described in the Computational Methods section. For the γ rotation barriers, we extracted 1D γ energy profiles from the 6D PES but found them
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Published 19 Oct 2020

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

  • Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
  • Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

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  • mass distribution this ratio can be brought closer to an integer value causing self-excitation [34][35][36]. Additionally, there are studies in which cross sections of the cantilever were altered [36][37] or hole structures were cut into the cantilevers [38][39][40][41] to achieve the same goal. Some
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Published 06 Oct 2020

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

  • Mathias Franz,
  • Romy Junghans,
  • Paul Schmitt,
  • Adriana Szeghalmi and
  • Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

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  • analysed by Fazio et al. [1]. It is mainly based on multiple light scattering at the silicon nanowires. Figure 4 shows SEM images of an etched wafer using Au nanoparticles as etching catalyst. This wafer has been etched with 50 mmol/L H2O2 for 10 min. The SEM images show cross sections of the wafer centre
  • (Figure 4a), of the wafer edge (Figure 4b), and top-view images of centre (Figure 4c) and edge (Figure 4d). The cross sections of the wafer centre and the wafer edge show straight vertical structures. The average etching depth is 1.2 μm. The top-view images show that the structure consists of randomly
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Published 23 Sep 2020

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

  • Alex Latyshev,
  • Andrew G. Semenov and
  • Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

Graphical Abstract
  • . Provided the wire cross sections s1 and s2 differ strongly the plasmon velocities also differ considerably. Assume, for instance, that the first wire is much thinner than the second one. In this limit we have v1 ≪ v2 and, hence, the QPT condition (Equation 17) in the first wire remains almost unaffected
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Published 14 Sep 2020

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

  • Jeremiah Croshaw,
  • Thomas Dienel,
  • Taleana Huff and
  • Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

Graphical Abstract
  • simulated line profiles is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11. We start by comparing dihydride-based defects. Figure 3a shows a Si tip AFM image of a 3 × 1 reconstructed region, with the locations of the two comparative line profiles marked. Figure 3b plots the extracted cross-sections
  • damaging tip contact. As a result, the magnitude of the frequency shift of the unperturbed surface is small compared to the strong defect signal. Despite this, examination of the cross-sections for the SiH3 and SiH2 respectively, resolves the position of the defect with respect to the lattice; the SiH3
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Published 07 Sep 2020

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

  • Maximilian Schaal,
  • Takumi Aihara,
  • Marco Gruenewald,
  • Felix Otto,
  • Jari Domke,
  • Roman Forker,
  • Hiroyuki Yoshida and
  • Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

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  • corrected according to the photoionization cross sections of Yeh and Lindau [44]. For each spectrum the binding energy of the core level is marked by vertical black lines. The black arrow points to an unassigned second component of the N 1s level of the less ordered DBP layer on h-BN/Ni(111). Comparison of
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Published 04 Aug 2020

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

  • Jošt Stergar and
  • Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

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  • on the nanoparticle was always pointing towards the closest side of the rectangular region if the particle was outside the rectangle and that there was no force if the particle was inside the desired rectangle. The resulting 2D probability distribution and the potential cross sections are displayed
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Published 30 Jul 2020

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Christian Ritz,
  • Tino Wagner and
  • Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

Graphical Abstract
  • difference between the TD-KFM and standard FM-KFM scan. The cross sections indicated by the white lines are shown below in Figure 5. Parameters FM-KFM: Δfset = −65 Hz, Uac = 2 V, fm = 1.5 kHz, PLL bandwidth: 500 Hz; TD-KFM: = −22 Hz, Uac = 2 V, fm = 253 Hz, fs = 3.6 kHz, PLL bandwidth: 1 kHz, Rth = 1.66
  • × 10−3 Hz2 Hz−1, Qtopo = 5 Hz2 Hz, Qlcpd = 0.004 V2 Hz, Qa = 5 Hz2 V−4 Hz; Detection noise RD ≪ Rth is neglected here. Tip: Olympus AC240TM-R3, f0 = 52.0 kHz, k = 1.0 N m−1, Q = 77.2, A = 12 nm (active ACL), vscan = 1 μm s−1. (a) Cross sections of the topography along the sections indicated in Figure 4
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Published 15 Jun 2020

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

  • Gyllion B. Loozen,
  • Arnica Karuna,
  • Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
  • Erik Schreuder and
  • Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

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  • layers does not reflect the real situation. The surface topography resulting from the conformal deposition on the etched structures has been omitted in the cross sections. (a) Optical microscope image of a device with 16 excitation and 4 detection waveguides. (b) Magnification of the marked area in (a
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Published 27 May 2020

A set of empirical equations describing the observed colours of metal–anodic aluminium oxide–Al nanostructures

  • Cristina V. Manzano,
  • Jakob J. Schwiedrzik,
  • Gerhard Bürki,
  • Laszlo Pethö,
  • Johann Michler and
  • Laetitia Philippe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 798–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.64

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  • . After that, the Cr layer was deposited. Characterization of AAO films Morphological characterisation was performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800) with a 1.5 kV accelerating voltage. The thickness was obtained from sample cross sections fabricated using a
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Published 13 May 2020

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

  • Atasi Chatterjee,
  • Christoph Tegenkamp and
  • Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

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  • ] direction. The frequency at 0.6 has also been observed before by Mares et al. [10]. It was attributed to relatively stable cross sections due to the formation of diametric orbits. This frequency was found to be very prominent for Ag, less prominent in Cu and absent in Au as observed by the authors of [10
  • 2.6G0 as compared to Figure 2. Moreover, in Figure 4 fine-structure peaks at 2.7G0, 2.8G0, 3.2G0, 3.7G0, 4G0 and 4.7G0 are observed. However, the peaks around 14.5G0 and 15G0 are absent in Figure 4, i.e., the range of unstable cross sections is even more extended in this case. This difference may be due
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Published 22 Apr 2020

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

  • Matthias Simolka,
  • Hanno Kaess and
  • Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

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  • characterization The ESM analysis was conducted inside of particles of the cross-sections of the fresh and aged cathodes. Two examples of the cross-section structure of the cathodes are given in Figure 1. In Figure 1a the fresh and in 1b the aged cathode cross-section is shown. The electrode consists of particles
  • that the measurements are conducted on cross-sections of particles, we neglect the carbon coating or binder material influence on the results. The ESM signals show some precise and fine structures and clear separations within the particles. Assuming a rather large probed volume of the cubic tip radius
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Published 07 Apr 2020

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

  • Robert Kozioł,
  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Paweł Syty,
  • Damian Koszelow,
  • Wojciech Sadowski,
  • Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

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  • be observed, corresponding to the illumination in a direction parallel or perpendicular to its major axis [23]. In recent years, many scientific papers have also been devoted to triangular or tetrahedral nanoparticles, or nanorods/nanotubes with complex cross sections [23][24][25]. Plasmon resonance
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Published 25 Mar 2020

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

  • Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
  • Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

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  • . The SIS junction chain has been used to current bias narrow Ti nanowires [12], with cross sections demonstrating various phenomena attributed to the QPS effect [10][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The observation of Coulomb blockade and Bloch steps [12] confirms the usefulness of the suggested
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Published 03 Mar 2020

Semitransparent Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Lothar Weinhardt,
  • Monika Blum,
  • Clemens Heske,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Ilona Oja Acik and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

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  • solar cell cross sections were recorded in the combined energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (Bruker spectrometer, ESPRIT 1.8, 7 kV) and scanning electron microscope (Zeiss HR FESEM Ultra 55, 4 kV) system. The surface morphology of glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples was recorded in a HR-SEM (Helios NanoLab
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Published 06 Dec 2019

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

  • Yan Liu,
  • Li Li,
  • Xing Chen,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Meng-Nan Liu,
  • Jin Yan,
  • Liang Cao,
  • Lu Wang and
  • Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

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  • films are clearly higher than those of the unexposed regions. Figure 2k–o shows the responses of the cantilever to changes of the vibrational amplitude corresponding to cross sections of the acoustic images. Using the same resonance frequency (38.41 kHz), we observe an increase of the image contrast
  • and undeveloped SU-8 film surfaces (patterned stiffness surfaces) exposed to EBL at exposure doses of 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 μC cm−2, respectively. (k–o) Vibrational amplitudes in cross sections of the acoustic images (p) Young's modulus values of the undeveloped SU-8 arrays at different
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Published 26 Nov 2019

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

  • Tushar C. Jagadale,
  • Dhanya S. Murali and
  • Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

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  • cross sections. By definition TNP (purple dots) + ANP (blue dots) = T0, which is true in the linear and in the nonlinear regime (Figure 5b). In the linear regime, we find that the backward scattering efficiency is constant at a value of ca. 8% (red dots), which is about half of the efficiency of
  • , the absorption and scattering cross sections of a plasmonic nanosphere can be determined by classical Mie theory as: where, k is the wave vector, r is the radius of the particle, εp is the dielectric constant of the particle and εm is the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. Upon irradiation
  • ). The scale bar is 1 µm. (a) Excitation intensity dependent attenuation (blue dots), absorption (green dots) and backscattering (red dots) signals. (b) Normalized signals (i.e., proportional to the corresponding cross sections) as functions of the excitation laser intensity. (a) Schematic of the
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Published 06 Nov 2019
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