Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• ). Blue and yellow regions indicate charge depletion and accumulation, respectively. a) TDDFT absorption spectra calculated at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G** level for host–guest C60@TTFTB (including vertical excitation energies), TTFTB ligand, and fullerene C60 (singlets and triplet energies). b) Monoelectronic

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• tuning performance on higher doped piezoelectric p–n junctions requires the prestress loadings to be applied closer to the interface of p- and n-zone. This study on a non-equilibrium process of piezoelectric p–n junctions has significance for piezotronics. Keywords: depletion layer; I–V characteristics

• and an n-type piezoelectric semiconductor. Based on the hypothesis of depletion layer and the introduction of an undetermined parameter wpiezo, they qualitatively obtained some new and interesting phenomena. Luo et al. [30] investigated the forward-bias I–V characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n

• injection is usually analyzed using a simple analogy based on the electrostatic analysis in thermal equilibrium, where the applied voltage (V) is assumed to drop in the depletion region such that its contact potential difference becomes with being the initial voltage. It implies that the electric

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• , supplementary studies will be performed to investigate the activity of hydrophilic antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine, loaded in NLCs and in comparison with conventional “non-nano” formulations. In addition, since some authors have demonstrated that CS induces depletion of some

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• viscosity and depletion repulsion, which prevented the nanosheet-shaped lamellar crystals from aggregation and subsequent precipitation, enabling the formation of well-grown nanoribbon networks. On the other hand, the organic solvents used in this study were small molecules, indicating a different mechanism

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• energy sources during peak production and supply the stored energy to the grid during a depletion in the production. In this context, the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is one of the most promising and flexible stationary electrical energy storage systems. Unlike Pb acid, Li-ion batteries or even

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• TiO2, which both are present on the pristine surface, although TiO2 is more stable [39]. When annealed under reducing conditions, the TiO2 termination is promoted. Upon heavy reduction, there is further oxygen depletion which results in the formation of the (√5×√5)R26.6° reconstruction, which we

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• from the conduction band of WO3. Surface-adsorbed oxygen ions (O2−, O−, O2−) and a thick electron depletion layer of WO3 will form, giving rise to a low conductivity via the loss of free electrons, as shown in Figure 12a. Conversely, when exposed to reducing gases (such as H2S, NH3 and CO), the redox

• composites, the improved gas sensing properties can be ascribed to the following two reasons. Firstly, Mn3+ in the Mn3O4/WO3 composites results in more defects on the surface of the WO3 matrix, which promotes the adsorption of the oxygen species [34]. More adsorbed oxygen means a broader electron depletion

• region and higher resistance in the atmosphere of air, which will facilitate an increased response (Figure 12c). Secondly, when p-type Mn3O4 is attached on the surface of n-type WO3, the p–n heterojunction is formed, which contributes to the increase of the resistance in air due to the thicker depletion

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• is irradiated by electrons under the same conditions as the thinnest Mo layer, there will be a partial oxygen depletion as well [62]. However, the long distance from the Bi2Se3 substrate hinders a reaction (the sample exhibits a sandwich structure of reactive Bi2Se3/isolating MoSe2/isolating Mo and

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6, charge accumulation is depicted by the gold isosurface, while the cyan isosurface represents charge depletion. The isosurfaces are separated by ±0.04 e/Å3. From Figure 6, one can find clearly that the Si atom donates electrons to three neighboring phosphorus atoms. The S

• phosphorene with (a) 2 × 2 × 1, (b) 3 × 3 × 1, (c) 4 × 4 × 1, and (d) 5 × 5 × 1 supercell, respectively; (e–h) CDDs of S-doped phosphorene with (e) 2 × 2 × 1, (f) 3 × 3 × 1, (g) 4 × 4 × 1 and (h) 5 × 5 × 1 supercells, respectively. The gold (cyan) isosurfaces represent charge accumulation (depletion), and the

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• and lysosomes in microglia [10]. None of the NPs investigated resulted in cytotoxicity, decreased cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy or inflammation. However, exposure to NPs led to oxidative stress via depletion of cellular glutathione and to a downregulation of neuronal differentiation markers in

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• surface are still visible. We speculate that under these conditions the cell dies due to the depletion of O2 as a result of slow transport through the electrolyte limited by diffusion in contrast with conventional differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) cells where oxygen is bubbled through

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• activity; Introduction Nitrogen oxides, NOx (x = 1, 2), contribute to acid rain, photochemical smog, greenhouse effect and ozone depletion [1][2][3]. The selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (SCR), as a commercialized NOx abatement technology, has received a great deal of attention [4][5]. However

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• charge gain and loss, respectively. It can be observed that there is charge depletion in Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, and that charge accumulates between the Li atoms and the S atoms of 2H-MoS2, suggesting a chemical Li–S bond between Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer. With increasing x the charge

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• charge transfer occurs through a whole range of effects, from chemical bonds to Pauli push-back of electrons from the close shells and from the surface [69][70][71]. The accumulation of charge in the region between the molecule and the surface indicates the formation of a chemical bond while a depletion

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• , Figure 4C,D). The decreasing layer thickness indicates that approximately a quarter of Sb2S3 by volume has either evaporated or sublimated, i.e., volatilized. Incongruent evaporation, i.e., depletion of sulfur in Sb2S3 during evaporation, may cause the change in Sb2S3 layer morphology, as volatilization

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• an increase in the electrical resistance of the active layer. This fact can be attributed to the p–n junctions formed between the p-type CNTs and the n-type iron oxide nanoparticles, with the formation of associated depletion layers. The p-type behavior of the decorated nanotubes suggests that, when

• the sensor is exposed to NO2, the response is mainly due to the CNTs. In this case, the iron oxide NPs contribute to the enhancement of the response via a reduction of their associated depletion layer when NO2 molecules adsorb on the surface of NPs, which increases the conductivity of the layer

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• existing island due to the constant depletion of freely diffusing indium. The radius around each island within which further nucleation is suppressed extends up to several hundred micrometers, depending on the experimental conditions [17]. The schematic process of indium island growth on molybdenum-covered

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• depletion of PdHα at a value below −0.99 V is consistent with values reported for palladium thin films [31][32]. The threshold values for the palladium hydride β-phase formation (−0.96 V) and the potential of α-phase depletion (−0.99 V) can be used for a phase distinction in current-controlled experiments

• formation threshold in the fifth loading cycle, which is marked as “onset of PdHβ” in Figure 5. The potential of PdHα depletion was crossed during the 11th loading cycle, which is also indicated in Figure 5. Both strain features present in potentiostatic experiments during desorption, namely the strain

• region of phase coexistence of PdHα and PdHβ. As soon as the voltage of PdHα depletion (−0.99 V) is crossed in the 11th cycle of the galvanostatic loading series, a continuous length increase upon absorption due to expansion of the β-phase is observed in Figure 5, as a straining of PdHα is obviously no

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• a specific number of dimples (i.e., entropic patches [17]) can act as “locks” and assemble with small spheres (“keys”) via depletion interactions to give rise to well-defined CMs [18]. The valence of each lock particle is determined by the number of the cavities whereas their symmetry determines the

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• calculations have been carried out with the aim of providing quantitative results. Utke [67] studied the relation between electron flux, precursor dissociation, depletion and diffusion, deriving scaling laws that allow for the determination of EBID resolution as a function of the balance between these

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• transformed into O−. When the temperature is above 397 °C, the oxygen anions are converted into O2−. The reaction equations are as follows: For n-type semiconductors, the electrons will continue to be captured from the surface of the semiconductors so that the width of electron depletion layer increases when

• exposed to oxidizing gases, increasing the electrical resistance. The gas molecules act as electron donors to the semiconductors when exposed to reducing gases, meaning that the width of electron depletion layer decreases, which decreases the resistance of the sensor. For p-type semiconductors, the width

• summary, the SnO2–rGO sensor allow for the transition of electrons even at room temperature because of its low Schottky barrier. When exposed to air at room temperature, oxygen molecules obtain electrons from n-type SnO2–rGO hybrids to form O2−. The electron depletion layers generated on the interfaces of

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• subject to diffusive drain of precursor because of the precursor depletion caused by the previous DE. There are two possible strategies to deal with this problem: compensate for it or avoid it as far as possible. Within our approach a compensation algorithm implies a suitable renormalization of sF for all

• will influence the proximity effect. Long dwell times will result in an increase of the time between two successive DEs which can be beneficial in avoiding proximity effects. However, at the same time long dwell times reduce the time-averaged deposition rate per DE because of precursor depletion. In

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• properties. For instance, Sun et al. [144] reported the effectiveness of applying CNCs to flocculate Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1). The study found that the flocculation efficiency based on the depletion of bacteria depended on the shape of the cellulose colloidal particles. In this

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• level, indicating catalytic properties of the Co3O4 material, may have an advantage as the photoinduced current is of great interest in achieving photoinduced water reduction reactions in PEC cells. When the PEC cell containing the Co3O4 working electrode went to the depletion region from a flat band

• condition, the photoresponse was prominent, as shown in Figure 3b. The low dark current (Jd), which is consistent throughout the potential from 0.8 to 0.1 V vs RHE, confirms the chemical stability of the Co3O4 material. Meanwhile, these results also characterized the photoactive properties of the depletion

• flat band to depletion condition); (c) 1.4 to 0.8 V vs RHE (covering the onset potential, which is close to the flat band potential as well as OER). Surface morphology of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film on FTO/glass showing (a) the pores with diameters of 14–20 nm and (b) Co3O4 nanocrystals with diameters

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• (Figure 5A, Figure S3A,B in Supporting Information File 1). At short residence times (2–8 min), the effect of small changes in residence time on the mean particle diameter is quite large. At longer residence times, however, the effect becomes smaller due to depletion of reagents, and hence a slowdown of