Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• hepatotoxicity at a cumulative dose of more than 244 mg/kg over 28 days of exposure [35]. By controlling the physical properties of nanoparticles, it is possible to regulate their delivery and sequestration processes [36][37][38][39]. Depending on the size, coating, and duration of exposure, they can exhibit

• nanoparticles allows for the delivery of biologically active phytocomponents to the target site with a lower likelihood of their biotransformation, significantly reducing the therapeutic dose of these agents [37][48][49]. The NPs themselves, possessing a certain spectrum of biological activities, contribute to

• hepatocytes. Discussion Combining plant extracts with biocompatible nanoparticles allows for the delivery of biologically active components to the target site with a reduced likelihood of their biotransformation, thus significantly lowering the therapeutic dose of these agents [52][53][54]. Moreover

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• NMs and accelerate regulatory decision-making procedures [2][5][13]. An IATA scheme for the prediction of the short-term regional lung-deposited dose of inhaled inorganic NMs in humans following acute exposure and the longer-term NM biodistribution after inhalation, has already been presented [14

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• nanoparticles showed excellent serum stability and revealed sustained drug release characteristics. Cell culture experiments suggested that the developed PLHNPs exhibited a much higher dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against both MCF-7 and HepG2 cells. After intravenous administration in SD rats, the

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• /bjnano.15.117 Abstract By employing a model of nanomaterials with polymorphic phase transitions and using a thermodynamic approach to describe the effects of vacancy saturation, irradiation dose, powder dispersion, and surface energies, we demonstrate the possibility of radiation-induced phase

• or amorphization in metallic/ceramic nanoparticles, leading to changes in the crystal structure? Is it feasible to establish a fundamental basis to explain the behavior of materials under irradiation? Most nuclear materials have not been tested beyond an irradiation dose of 200 displacements per atom

• ), the dose and energy of the radiation source, different types of radiation, environmental conditions, the purity and homogeneity of the material, and the crystal structure and phase stability. Let us briefly consider these publications and highlight characteristic factors to facilitate understanding

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ion irradiation these PtCl2 or PtBr2 species experience ion-induced sputtering. The difference between halogen and Pt sputter rates leads to a critical ion dose at which only Pt remains in the film. A comparison of the different ion/precursor combinations studied revealed that this sequence of

• )2Cl2. The right panel of Figure 1 compares the rate of 13CO evolution (measured at m/z 29) for different ion fluxes (black: 60 nA; blue: 90 nA). When 13CO evolution is plotted in terms of the ion dose for both fluxes, both profiles follow a first-order decay process with similar rate constants as seen

• in the inset. The photoelectron spectra in Figure 2 display the C 1s, Cl 2p, and Pt 4f transitions of ≈2 nm thin films of Pt(CO)2Cl2 adsorbed at 230 K as a function of increasing ion dose (bottom to top). On the left-hand side the effect of Ar+ irradiation is shown, while on the right-hand side the

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• between these materials, and the intracellular uptake for gene delivery. The authors encapsulated luciferase mRNA in the cationic liposomal formulation to quantify the mRNA expression distribution in the brain. The results of the in vivo studies with mice showed a dose-dependent increase in luciferase

• potential of mAbs for treating CNS diseases is limited. It is estimated that only 1 in 1000 antibodies can reach the brain with a concentration as low as 0.1% of the injected dose [138]. As an example, aducanumab can be mentioned. Although it has low BBB passage, it targets the brain amyloid plaque at high

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• such as Hg2+ are poisonous environmental pollutants that cause damage at the DNA level by inhibiting DNA replication and DNA polymerase activity, ultimately affecting normal cell synthesis [13]. The less toxic Fe3+ is an essential nutrient for human health in a lower dose, while increasing the dose

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• modeling, including reactive classical molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations, we reveal that TA preferentially binds to the most reactive sites on GO surfaces via the oxygen-containing groups or the carbon matrix; van der Waals interaction forces dominate the binding energy. TA exhibits a dose

• directly affects delivered dose, internalization, and biodistribution in organisms. In the EPA medium, GO exhibited aggregation and precipitation at concentrations of 5.0 and 10 mg·L−1, respectively, a phenomenon attributable to the screening effect of salt ions diminishing the repulsive forces between GO

• %. Concentrations of 5.0 and 10 mg·L−1 of GO yielded similar mortality rates, up to 40% of mortality, which may be an effect of aggregation and precipitation of the material in the test medium. The colloidal instability of the nanomaterial in the test medium impacts the dose bioavailable to C. elegans, which stays

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• cantilevers in the direction of the bridge axis (i.e., elongating the cantilevers) reduces the residual strain and, consequently, the distance in the RoI. The alignment of the cantilevers in the RoI was therefore a combination of slit milling and FIB straining of the cantilevers with a total dose of 500 nC

• dose implantation value was used, as the aim of the modification was not the exact determination of the FIB influence on the surface strain. However, with exact knowledge of this influence, the modification would become a predictable, even automatable process. The complex structure of the opMEMS bridge

• . The series in panel (c) shows consecutive steps of the alignment process, where each step is a new milling (red lines) and irradiation process (red field shows irradiated area) with a total dose of 500 nC/nm2. The scale bar in (c) is 10 μm long. Resistance measurements of a free-standing nanowire

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• [1][2][3][4]. Consequently, the scientific community has focused on improving the targeting of nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor cells through surface functionalization with active groups (e.g., folate, monoclonal antibodies) [5][6][7]. However, according to the literature, only 0.7% of the injected dose

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• , displaying a small hydrodynamic diameter around 3 nm, outstanding colloidal stability, resistance to protein interactions, and absence of protein corona formation [61][64][65]. The efficient renal clearance of usNPs – typically >50% of the injected dose (ID) over 24 h – prevents their long-term accumulation

• survival relative to control groups. Animals treated with 0.5 mCi (milliCurie) of targeted C’ dots demonstrated improved survival compared to those treated with the same dose of non-targeting C’ dots. 5.4 PSMA-targeting ligands/PMSA receptor Luo et al. developed AuNCs covered with PSMA-1 for selective

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• beam is increased; therefore, the smaller resulting local ion dose and dose rate both play a significant role in additionally reducing heat damage. This reduces the probability by a factor of r2, with r being the ion beam radius, of an ion impact in close proximity to the previous impact and reduces

• earlier study [16]. Schmied et al. showed that the dwell time plays a significant role in reducing local heating [16]. The effect of the ion dose rate/energy converted to heat per time is, thus, an important parameter and should be carefully investigated in future experiments. In addition, the effect of

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• used beam current of 0.5 nA corresponds to an electron flux of 6 × 104 electrons per second and square nanometer, and an overall dose of 1.7 μC or 1 × 1017 electrons per square nanometer in the center part. There is a visible halo deposition region extending several micrometers beyond the area

• (dose 1.5 × 10−7 C) and the pillar width of 320 nm, this corresponds to a volume growth rate of approximately 0.012 μm3 per minute and a vertical growth rate of about 200 nm per minute. The obtained vertical growth rate was sufficient to avoid any signs of halo evolution around the structure (Figure 3a

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• ]. Thus, more studies are required to investigate if and how in vitro protein binding studies can help us to explain the in vivo behavior of NPs. Following i.v. injection of NPs with a diameter of 5 nm, approximately half of the injected dose can be expected to be rapidly excreted in urine, whereas there

• (key constituents in these products) may create immune responses; see discussion in [97]. How much of the injected dose reach the target? Most studies performed with drug-loaded NPs have been performed with the goal of targeting and treating tumors, and there are numerous reports showing that only a

• try to increase the fraction of the injected dose ending up in the diseased area by employing targeting molecules to receptors in this area. Studies performed more than 20 years ago using only targeting molecules (e.g. antibodies), with the goal of developing radiotherapeutics or imaging agents

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• the surface of the nanofibrous scaffolds increases the therapeutic response to the drugs by a controlled and sustained release in the targeted tissue [35]. (v) Their ability to carry different drugs in their structure reduces the risk of multidrug resistance in cancer treatment with dose-specific or

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• ]. At the other extreme, there are studies where the only difference among the nanoforms used (without considering endpoint-related descriptors such as dose or time) is the size [58][59]. The size of nanoparticles is commonly measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images can provide

• specific variables can be found for particular tests, such as the number of daphnia individuals in an immobilization test [17]. Also, descriptors that quantify the exposure to the nanoform, such as exposure time [17][31][37][60][66] and dose [31][37][63][66] are very common in nano-QSAR models. A different

• for each kind of nanoforms. For example, key features such as the composition of a NM or its size are not included in all the models. It should be noted that some nano-QSAR models have been developed based exclusively on testing conditions (e.g., dose, preincubation, and sonication) of a single

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• , the desired properties are achieved by FIB processing of such substrates with different irradiation doses. A low-dose treatment is sufficient for cases that do not require sputtering of large amounts of material. Among such cases are the precise tuning of the magnetic characteristics of thin

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• ][16]. After a single oral dose of ALN (70 mg tablet), a peak plasma concentration of 33.10 ± 14.32 ng/mL (≈0.15 μM) of ALN is attained after 1.00 ± 0.16 h [17]. This plasma concentration is about 170 times lower than the average of 1–50 μM ALN reported for the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of

• dexamethasone did not affect HUVECs. The nanovesicles are internalized by endocytosis, a mechanism independent of their concentration and dose. Nanoarchaeosomes from H. tebenquichense are massively endocytosed, total or partly via SRA1, the receptor responsible for massive, high-rate internalization of

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• . Clearly, etching with the same PE dose at different positions on the slope, separated by as little as 20 nm, results in very different profiles. Although the profiles of etch 1 and etch 2 appear Gaussian as expected from the etching of a plane surface, proceeding outwards brings about the abrupt onset of

• , still capped. Here, the dose was sufficient to perform a complete etch, and the connecting material previously seen adjacent to the deposit is gone. The profile becomes still smoother after etch 5, showing a sidewall that slopes inward completely. 20 nm further to the right, however, the trend seems to

• reverse, and etch 6 results in the much desired vertical sidewall. This is, therefore, the position where the used etching dose is optimal; upon moving further outward, the sloping sidewall is visible once again with some clipping of the long tail. And finally, on etching sufficiently far away from the

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• nanocarriers have various therapeutic advantages such as no or minimized side effects, long storage life, enhanced residence time, extended circulation time, increased half-life, and decreased dose [128][129][130][131]. Nanodelivery systems for natural antioxidants can be divided into two main classes, namely

• ]. Pharmacokinetic analysis of curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles after oral delivery in mice demonstrated a 20-fold decrease in dose requirement compared to natural curcumin [140]. Both experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies suggested an optimal ferulic acid (an antioxidant in plants

• thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100). Figure 2 was adapted with permission from [32]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Percent injected dose (%ID) in blood of EaNA and Cy5-labeled human

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• simulations showed that reducing the cumulative dose from 2.5 mg/kg/12 h to 2.5 mg/kg/24 h rendered BNZ plasma concentrations within the accepted therapeutic range of 3 to 6 mg/L [22]. This is an important point: When BNZ toxicity is attributed to overdosing, it could be simply reduced by reducing its dose

• uncertainties about BNZ dose, its biopharmaceutical classification differs according to the data source and interpretation. In the early 1980s, BNZ was reported to be readily absorbed, highly lipophilic, and extensively metabolized, with only 5% of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine [28]. Since poorly

• than in the laboratory and showed a comparable in vitro activity to free BNZ [33]. Formulated as oral tablets containing a reduced dose of BNZ/cyclodextrin (50% loading of BNZ (% BNZ/total mass)) and administered to a murine model, BNZ/cyclodextrin did not overcome the efficacy of free BNZ during the

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• damage. The zeta potential is a widely used parameter to characterize the properties of nanoparticles. However, cell membrane damage is influenced by various factors, including exposure time and dose. Thus, this study aimed to establish a relationship between the properties of nanoparticles and their

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• efficacy. The application of vinorelbine tartrate is limited because of its dose-related toxicity to the nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems and reduced absorption when taken orally [33]. Encapsulation studies specifically aim to create a controlled drug delivery system to reduce existing side

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• expose with a dose of 450 mJ/cm2 using an MLA150 from Heidelberg Instruments. We develop the pattern in maD533s for roughly 45 s and then deposit 10 nm chromium and 40 nm of gold by electron-beam evaporation in an Auto306 from Edwards Vacuum. Lift-off in mrREM700 removes the resist mask, and the

• (maN1407), baking at 100 °C on a hotplate for 60 s. We expose the pattern with a dose of 450 mJ/cm2, aligning to the markers on the front, and we develop in maD533s for roughly 45 s. A subsequent short soft-ashing step in a Plasmalab 80 ICP65 from Oxford Instruments removes residual resist and improves the

• first spin a thin layer of an adhesion promoter (AR 300–80) before spinning a roughly 170 nm thick layer of the electron-beam resist ARP–6200–09 (CSAR 09), baking at 150 °C for 1 min. We expose with a dose of 110 μC/cm2 in a Voyager EBL system from Raith Nanofabrication and etch the Nb-Ti-N film using