Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• -MCNPs showed a more effective uptake and pronounced in vitro leishmanicidal activity (curc-MCNPs, median effective dose (ED50): 0.518 ± 0.01 µg/mL) against L. donovani amastigotes than curc-chitosan nanoparticles (curc-CNPs, ED50: 1.87 ± 0.075 µg/mL) and free curc (ED50: 2.8 ± 0.03 µg/mL). Furthermore

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• molecule, and excellent biocompatibility and safety [38]. Liposomes can also be modified to selectively deliver a drug to a specific site. This is very valuable because it can reduce potential side effects and increase the maximum tolerated dose, which improves therapeutic benefits [39]. For example

• caused by the high solid content of the formulation. In vitro results were satisfactory and showed that the nanoformulation was effective against parasites, but in vivo results were inadequate due to fluctuations in the administered dose. Despite that, the work showed that this nanoformulation could be

• ]. Mokbel et al. [59] showed that curcumin associated with a half-dose of PZQ and gold nanoparticles reduced the worm load in infected mice more than PZQ alone. This information is crucial since most side effects presented by patients who use PZQ could be avoided if there was a way to reduce the drug dose

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• a clean lift-off process. The larger undercut is realized by multi-dose exposure, which consists of two parts: The main exposure is for patterning the nominal structure, and an additional exposure is for patterning the outline of the nominal structure. This additional exposure is performed with a

• lower dose than the main exposure so that it does not induce chain scission in the top resist layer, but only in the bottom resist layer, which is more sensitive. The result of the multi-dose exposure was controlled by observing a cross section of the developed bilayer resist using a SEM in snapshot

• techniques, a one-time exposure is possible with the help of high accelerating voltage during electron beam exposure. In this process, rather than doing one resist deposition and exposure after another, the layer selectivity is controlled by the electron beam dose and the sensitivity of the two layers. Only

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• of nanocarrier–drug systems, it may increase the dose of drug delivered close to the bacterial cell machinery and, therefore, improve the treatment efficacy. If the photothermic properties of the ONPs are to be exploited, the efficacy of the antibacterial treatment may also completely depend on the

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• -vacuum (UHV) surface science studies and mass spectrometry in high-vacuum (HV) gas-phase investigations [27][28]. In this context, surface science experiments allow for electron-dose-dependent studies of the elemental composition of the deposit, and desorbing ligands may be monitored by means of mass

• , high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) was performed to analyze the morphology of the deposited nanoparticles. For this purpose, several FEBID structures were prepared on the SiO2 substrate with the size of 4 × 4 µm2 and an electron dose of 7.80 C/cm2. For

• currents The FEBID deposits were also prepared with [Au(CH3)2Cl]2 using beam currents of 0.4 nA (deposit size: 2 × 2 μm2), 1.5 nA (deposit size: 4 × 4 μm2), and 3 nA (deposit size: 4 × 4 μm2). The other deposition parameters (electron dose: 7.80 C/cm2 and acceleration voltage: 5 keV) were the same in all

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• . ratio 1:0.7) at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 95 °C for 160 s. An array of polystyrene nanospheres (1.1 µm) embedded in PDMS was placed in conformal contact with the SU-8, and then exposure was performed at a dose of 35–42 mJ·cm−2 (Figure 1A(i)). (Older PS-NS/PDMS films seem to require slightly higher UV

• served as a template for creating a PDMS nanopillar structure for the capillary thermal imprinting of SU-8. An AZ1518 film was spin-coated on glass coverslips at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 100 °C for 1.5 min. Exposure was performed at a dose of 13 mJ·cm−2 with an array of 1.1 μm polystyrene nanospheres

• dose of 180 mJ·cm−2. Afterwards, the sample was subjected to post-exposure bake and hard bake via a stepwise increase in temperature: 95 °C for 3 min, 150 °C for 15 min, and 165 °C for 1 h. After baking, the sample was allowed to cool down to RT, and then the PDMS nanopillar film was peeled off (Figure

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• followed by the release of the drug. Therefore, three major benefits are expected when tailoring those systems: to overcome barriers, which would hinder the drug to reach the side of action, to decrease side effects by less unspecific drug action in nontarget areas, and to lower the overall dose to be

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• and MCF-7 cells at the concentration range in this experiment (Figure 6B,D). This evidence indicates that the HSA-MPs carrier is non-toxic, even after prolonged exposure. As shown in Figure 6, free CUR and CUR-HSA-MP treatment substantially induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner

• released, and in PBS, pH 7.4, less than 1% was released after 96 h. The CUR-HSA-MPs exhibited efficacy in inhibiting the cell viability of Huh-7 and MCF-7 cells at a lower-dose treatment; these effects were higher than those in non-cancer cells (HDFB and MMN cells). Moreover, CUR-HSA-MPs could be

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• available HBOC 201 (Hemopure®; hemoglobin glutamer-250 (bovine); Hemopure, HbO2 Therapeutics LLC, Souderton PA 18964, USA): A dose of 60 g HBOC 201 in 5 L of blood results in an HBOC concentration of 2.9 × 1019 HBOCs/mL. Hp serum concentrations amount in average to about 1.5 g/L; this corresponds to 1

• × 1015 molecules/mL. The average Hpx serum concentration of 0.6 g/L corresponds to 4.5 × 1015 molecules/mL. Thus, the dose of 60 g HBOC 201 is sufficient to bind the available Hp and Hpx, allowing subsequent doses of HBOCs to remain in circulation until these proteins are replenished. In case of infusion

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• various temperatures in the temperature range of 35 to 125 °C. For all experiments, we used a pattern of 6 s precursor dose, 1 s argon purge, 2 s H2 plasma pulse, and 1 s argon purge, for each cycle. The temperature dependence of the growth rate for the performed ALD processes is shown in Figure 6. In the

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• metals is also time- and dose-dependent. Among many other factors, the valence state plays an important role in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Many studies have shown that an increased concentration of heavy metals is correlated with the severity of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [37]. Lead causes

• metals. The co-exposure may also be affected by dose variations at the biomarker level. Also, co-exposure in humans was found to lead to more profound renal damage than exposure to each of the elements alone. Hence, to elucidate the features responsible for the toxicity, in the present study, ML

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• higher cumulative release and considerable higher activity against amastigotes compared to previously reported BNZ-loaded NLCs. Moreover, we report the dose-response intrinsic activity of myristyl myristate, a relatively common constituent of NLCs, against T. cruzi, which might be of future interest to

• repulsion after adding a non-ionic surfactant [41]. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity Cytotoxicity assays using the tetrazolium 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt method (MTT) showed that Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) viability was affected by BNZ concentration in a dose

• blood samples as was described for other type of nanoparticles [45]. Our results suggest that the reported NLC-BNZ formulations are hemocompatible [43]. In vitro antiparasitic activity As shown in Figure 12A, free BNZ displayed a clear dose-dependent effect on T. cruzi trypomastigotes (with an EC50 of

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• achieved using different doses of the AgNPs@Lac/Alg solution (1.0–3.0 μg/mL), resulting in the reduction of the absorption peaks at 467 and 553 nm, respectively. The reaction rate increases with the catalyst dose as evidenced by a decrease in the reaction time. For instance, the degradation of MO at a dose

Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40

• clinical use since the 17th century. The first bevelled metal hypodermic needles were introduced by Francis Reed in 1844, followed by the syringe and needle combination, due to Alexander Wood, in 1853. Needles for a single intravenous dose (IV push) or bolus normally use a fixed intravenous hollow needle

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) bacteria was determined, and dose-dependent antibacterial effects were found. Keywords: Ag NPs; anticancer and antibacterial effects; caffeic acid; chitosan; one-pot synthesis; quercetin; U-118 MG and ARPE-19 cells

• high dose (500 µM) for 24 h. It decreased cell viability by 75% in glioblastoma cells and by 25% in non-cancerous cells (data not shown). From this, it can be concluded that the selected cancer drug is highly specific to the cancer cells [56]. Therefore, human glioblastoma (U-118 MG) cell lines were

• /v) penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Scientific, USA) containing high-glucose DMEM (Gibco; Thermo Scientific, USA) in an incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO2 pressure. Cell viability assay (XTT) The cells were planted at approximately 10,000/100 µL per well in 96-well plates. To reveal the dose–time

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• overview of the current status and outline important concerns regarding the need for standardized protocols to evaluate NP uptake, NP transfection efficacy, drug dose determination, and variability of nonviral gene delivery systems. Based on these concerns, we propose wide adherence to multimodal

• imaging data to provide a full understanding of the mode of action in NP uptake studies. Determination of In-Particle Plasmid Dosage There are a variety of approaches for the evaluation of dose in the context of small-molecule therapeutics encapsulated in NP delivery systems [52][53][54]. However, many of

• insights into the concentration, while indirect interconversion of size distribution and concentration to mass can provide a reasonable non-destructive path to the assessment of dose based on total particle mass. The latter allows the system to be assessed on a per-particle basis with subsequent

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• %) decreased as the O/S ratio increased, and DXM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity (A549 cell line) and hemolytic response. Encapsulation of DXM in PLGA nanoparticles resulted in slower and sustained release as compared to non-encapsulated DXM. Nanoemulsions formed in a 0.16 M PBS (W

• wt % PLGA in ethyl acetate/ethanol) (O) system were functionalized with a cell-penetrating peptide (Tat) using carbodiimide chemistry [57]. The hydrodynamic diameter ranged from 48 to 65 nm depending on the Tat fraction. The functionalized nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Hela and

• corona formation (upon incubation in FBS). The nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity for SH-SY5Y cells (viabilities of ca. 100% for nanoparticle concentrations equal or lower than 0.23 mg/mL), high cellular uptake (in SH-SY5Y cells), and dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The properties of the PIC

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• effect of the photocatalyst, however, may cause a decrease in the degradation efficiency when the amount of photocatalyst is above the optimal dose [157][158][159][160][161][162]. In addition to achieving maximum efficiency, using the optimum photocatalyst dose will also be very cost-effective. Lower

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• demonstrate that the SiBP acts as a multirole agent when used alone or in combination with a strong base catalyst (NH3). When used alone, SiBP catalyzes the hydrolysis of precursor molecules in a dose-dependent manner and produces 17–20 nm SiO2 particles organized in colloidal gels. When used in combination

• from the OD profiles (Figure 1a) and TEOS conversion rates (Figure 1c), distinct profiles were observed when SiBP was added alone or in combination with NH3. SiBP was able to hydrolyze TEOS and produce SiO2 particles when used alone. The increase in peptide concentration resulted in a dose-dependent

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• lower than the maximum effective dose is not linear, unlike that of E. coli bacteria, confirming a higher sensitivity to silver, even in the presence of low amounts of released silver (90% inhibition rate for approximately 2.5 µg/g released silver). This effect, more pronounced for C. albicans than E

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• tested on mononuclear cells. Ag/AgCl nanoparticles with spherical and triangular morphology were obtained. The size of the nanoparticles (10–70 nm) and the size distribution depended on the reaction temperature. A dose close to 20 µg/mL of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles considerably decreased the cell viability

• a dose-dependent manner. Based on the aforementioned findings, and considering the high content of phenolic compounds in the pineapple peel, which function as reducing agents of silver salt, the present study shows biosynthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles using a pineapple peel extract. The study was

• cytotoxicity results of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells are shown in Figure 8. For each system of nanoparticles produced at different temperatures, cell viability is related to nanoparticle concentration. In all cases, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., cell death was

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• that received a single intravenous dose of commercial AuNPs still showed high gold concentrations in the liver at day 28 [5]. To reduce tissue retention of AuNPs, ultrasmall gold nanoclusters with renal clearance ability were developed for imaging and sensing [6][7]. Nevertheless, they were not

• , similar to BDP, AB-LNPs demonstrated slight dose-dependent toxicity to 4T1 cells. No obvious toxicity was found in AB-LNPs when the concentrations of BDP and Au were 10 μM and below. Under laser irradiation, the viability of cells treated with AB-LNPs decreased significantly in comparison to BDP or Au

• materials. In addition, AB-LNPs could cause severe cytotoxicity when exposed to only a very low dose of laser irradiation (0.5 W/cm2, 60 s), which is beneficial to clinical application. Conclusion AB-LNPs were prepared by simply mixing Au-LNPs with BDP. The physicochemical properties of AB-LNPs were closely

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• is no need for a medical facility or health professional for each dose. It is less stressful and more affordable for the patient [16]. Considering that cancer is a chronic disease and that the person needs long-term treatment, oral formulations for cancer chemotherapy are still an issue of interest

• nanoparticles for experimental studies and dose calculations [45]. EE and DL of DCX-loaded nanoparticle formulations are documented in Table 2. The EE values of DCX-PLGA and CS/DCX-PLGA were 46.18% and 69.04%, respectively (p < 0.05). CS as a coating material led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency of

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• sheets, Bi2MoO6 microspheres were used. The 2D morphological properties of the Bi2O3 sheets resulted in enhanced charge carrier transfer. The relative mass ratio of Bi2MoO6 and Bi2O3 may be fine-tuned by adjusting the alkali dose (i.e., NaOH or KOH). Using phenol degradation and hydrogen generation as a

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• that the prepared ZnO material excellently removed MB and MO (cinitial = 10 mg/L) with efficiencies of 100% and 82.78%, respectively, after 210 min under UV radiation with a ZnO NP dose of 2 g/L. The photocatalyst activity of the synthesized material was also tested under visible light radiation with

• reached 99.83 and 100%, respectively. When the dose of the photocatalyst increased to 10 mg/mL, the E. coli inhibition efficiency reached 99.35% with a contact time of 1 h and the efficiency was 100% when the contact time was 3 h. The results of E. coli bacteria inhibition by ZnO NPs synthesized by the

• concentration to 5 mg/mL, the E. coli inhibition efficiency reached 99.96% in 6 h and the E. coli inhibition efficiency reached 100% when the ZnO NPs dose was increased to 10 mg/mL with a contact time of 6 h. Proposed mechanism of photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity against E. coli by ZnO