Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• electron microscope with a LaB6 cathode at 5–20 keV and a Bruker Xflash 410 silicon drift detector for energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (EDX) elemental composition analysis. M/CTF-IL suspension samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were dripped on a carbon-coated copper grid and excess IL

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• . The x-axis for each curve is shifted to compensate for the drift of the piezoactuator between each Δf–d measurement. Figure 4b and Figure 4c show a single exemplary Δf–d curve at the same position and the corresponding calculated interaction force, respectively. Each Δf–d curve measured was converted

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• ., their wavelength increases (Figure 2e). Moreover, in the valleys fine drift lines parallel to the GCIB direction are observed, similar to those found on a gold surface [19]. The drift lines are parallel to the surface projection of the incidence ion-beam direction and perpendicular to the adjacent

• ripples. These drift lines are the paths formed by the target atoms in the course of mass redistribution processes forced by the continuous cluster impacts. At an incidence angle of 80°, the ripples, valleys, and drift lines disappear. Instead, large droplet-like grooves parallel to the incident direction

• formation on the ion fluence at an incidence angle of 60°, an accelerating voltage of 10 kV and a fluence in the range of 1016–1017 ions/cm2 (Figure 4). At the low fluence the drift lines prevail and the beginning of ripple formation can be observed. With increasing fluence, the crests of the ripples are

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• global electrostatic landscape probed by KPFM in the dark state [20]. The photocharging dynamics can be understood as follows. After exciton splitting and dissociation of the charge transfer states at the D–A interfaces, the photogenerated carriers experience a drift-diffusion limited by the carrier

• of images while keeping exactly the same tip–sample relative positioning because of thermal drift and piezo creep. To avoid lateral misalignment artefacts, a better option is to record a matrix of spectroscopic curves of the pp-KPFM signal on a 2D grid. In this work, we explore the performance of

• ). Great care was taken to stabilize the setup before spectroscopic acquisition in open-loop configuration in order to minimize the impact of the z-drift on the KPFM potential. The residual z-drift less was smaller than 0.4 nm over a time lapse of 40 s, see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• the same FE-SEM with an EDX large-area silicon-drift detector (Oxford X-Max 50), using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV with a counting time of 5 min per spot. Bright-field transmission electron microscopy (BF-TEM) images were taken with a JEOL1400 instrument equipped with a CCD camera. For sample

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• b is shown in Figure 5d. To get accurate lattice parameters, the error induced by the thermal drift was eliminated by drift calibration and the Sb adlayer lattice vectors were corrected by using the calibration matrix from the known adlayer lattices of sulfate on Au(111), as outlined in detail by

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• experiments The grafting process was performed with the Bruker Dimension® Icon™ SPM system in a liquid cell filled with a 1 mM ethanolic solution of HDT. The PAT SAM-Au/mica substrate was placed into the solution and allowed to stand for 30 min in order to avoid thermal drift of the sample during grafting

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• higher concentration, a drift was observed in the baseline due to the higher interaction with toluene (and respectively benzene). This stronger interaction suggests slower baseline overlaps, which can be accelerated with short heating for few seconds at 70 °C (Figure 5). HDT/Au-MWCNT sensing of aromatic

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• demonstrates good reproducibility of the desorption peak at −820 mV. During desorption, the resistance (Figure 3b) strongly decreases by about 7.2%. In subsequent cycles it varies in a range of 4%, matching our earlier results for double-layer charging of npAu [19]. A slight drift during repeated cycling is

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• (DRIFT) study in [31]. After calcination, the peak below 600 K slightly increases and becomes broad. The high-temperature range for all three titanosilicates is characterized by notable desorption from the strong Brønsted basic sites. For Na,K-ETS-10, these are the oxygen atoms shared between Si and Ti

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• energy. Liang et al. [23] further studied the nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of a ZnO nanogenerator following [21], and put forward a proper electrode configuration for the improvement of the nanogenerator performance. More recently, both time-harmonic and transient behavior have

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• ]. The diffuse reflectance Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy results show typical vibrations corresponding to the linker and OH groups of the MOFs in all materials (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S12). To analyze whether adsorption of water can promote contraction in small crystals of DUT

• of a high-temperature (DUT-98ht) phase was proposed. Although the structure of this phase could not be refined from PXRD and single crystal diffraction data, the obtained PXRD patterns were found to be very similar to the cp phase. In addition, DRIFT analysis indicates that the transition is

• supported by the loss of lattice water not evident in the DRIFT spectra after heating (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S13). Such a ht-phase has also been observed for MIL-53, which corresponds to the loss of water from the structure. Attempts to index the obtained patterns failed potentially due to a

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• layer under similar experimental conditions. This may be induced by the resonance frequency tracking errors in DART operation mode and also the thermal drift. Other sample properties In addition to the cover layer thickness, the influence of other sample properties, including the material properties and

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• oxides, such as SnO2, ZnO, WO3, and In2O3, that have been widely used in resistive gas sensors cannot be applied directly, primarily due to the drift of the sensor parameters at temperatures above 500 °C. The stability of nanostructured semiconductor oxides at high temperature can be enhanced by creating

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• ambient conditions containing ammonia, where the sensor was also kept for one hour. As shown in Figure 9, both sensing devices demonstrated stable readings, the background air resistance maintained a constant value, and long-term drift of the zero line was not observed. The response of the device

• broken and others are being formed. This process leads to the continuous drift of sensor resistance, which distorts the signal. A monocrystalline surface is more stable, therefore resistance drift should be minimized in this case. A second advantage of individual nanowire sensors is the possibility of

Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping

• Lukas Grünewald,
• Dagmar Gerthsen and
• Simon Hettler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1290–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.128

• rings. Without the offset angle an unwanted radial line is patterned in the PM after a few iterations. Before starting a pattern we waited for a few minutes to reduce stage drift. The total milling duration was kept below 15 min to further minimize stage-drift artifacts. As the floated aC thin films

• film with each repetition. Finer FIB probes at smaller FIB currents could improve this at the cost of increasing milling duration and possible artifacts due to stage drift. Furthermore, implanted Ga induces a dark contrast and alters the effective MIP compared to pristine aC. Since the FIB was only

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• . This measurement was performed along a grid line of 200 points. The atom-tracking technique [54] was employed to reduce the effects of thermal drift. Results and Discussion CPD measurements around the steps A topographic image obtained in the lift-mode and the height profile are shown, respectively, in

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• constant-current mode with typical tunneling currents (It) between 75 and 127 pA and negative bias voltages (Ub), thus imaging occupied states. The displayed STM images were corrected for thermal drift distortions using the correction tool that is implemented in the SPIP software (version 4.8, Image

•  2c shows a drift-corrected and Fourier-filtered STM image taken of a large island of HTPEN molecules. The darker areas (lower tip position) between the molecules are significant. By comparison with the overlaid hard-sphere model we identify these as the voids between the molecules where a reduced

• orientation of the Ag(100) substrate and aid in the identification of the symmetry of the LEED pattern. The lengths in reciprocal space are defined by k = 2π/λ, with λ denoting the electron wavelength. (b) Hard-sphere model of HTPEN on Ag(100). (c) Fourier-filtered, drift-corrected and contrast-enhanced STM

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed with an X-Max 50 silicon drift detector (Oxford Instruments) at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms were recorded at 77 K using a high-resolution Micromeritics 3Flex instrument. Prior to the measurement the

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• carriers are driven by the electric field and drift to the interfaces (Figure 5b). In virtue of the relative high quality of the IGZO bulk as well as its adjacent interfaces, the transfer curves show only a small hump and a small gap-shift without SS distortion in the forward and reverse scanning. When the

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• electron microscopy (STEM) images were taken with a FEI Titan ChemiSTEM 80-200 kV Cs-probe corrected transmission electron microscope, operating at 200 kV accelerating potential and equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) SuperX-Bruker silicon drift detector. In this method a coherent

Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM

• Loji K. Thomas and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80

• measurement of Figure 1f, the periodicity is found to be 7.6 nm. Thus, there is a perfect agreement between the periodicities in the model and the STM images of Figure 1e and Figure 1f. The small discrepancy between STM measurements and the calculation could be attributed to thermal drift in STM imaging under

• graphite, the scanner was calibrated in regular time intervals so that the precision of measurements are solely limited by thermal drift. The ambient temperature is stabilized to be within ±1.0 °C of room temperature and the scanner is always given time to thermally equilibrate and mechanically relax to

• reduce thermal drift and piezo creep to a minimum during measurements. Typical tunnelling conditions were Vb = 0.05 to 0.19 V and It = 0.6 nA. Images represent raw data and were analyzed using the WSxM software [52]. (a) STM image of a 160 nm wide, one-layer thick graphene flake (encircled); (b) cut out

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• measurement was repeated 20 times with the z-feedback turned on and then back off between each measurement to minimize drift. Each pulse had the form V(t) = V0 + ΔV(1 − exp[−t/τ)] during the pulse-on period and V(t) = V0 during the pulse-off period with a duty cycle of 20%. To fit the data, the integral in

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• , pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present some limitations for gas sensing. For example, carbon nanotube gas sensors often suffer from slow recovery, especially when operated at room temperature, which eventually results in baseline and response drift. For that reason, it is usually necessary to heat up the

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• lattice parameters as well as the number, type, and orientation of molecules within a unit cell. In general, the STM experiments conducted under ambient conditions are prone to thermal drift and suffer from piezo creep and hysteresis. To overcome this limitation, the acquired STM images were corrected by

• 1.18 ± 0.07 nm−2 and 1.12 ± 0.06 nm−2, respectively. Figure 3 shows the high-resolution, drift-corrected, and calibrated images (Figure 3a and Figure 3c) of the two polymorphs and their proposed packing structures (Figure 3b and Figure 3d). The exact registry of the molecules on HOPG was not determined