Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• interactions The accumulation of any type of NPs in the liver is generally accomplished because of the central role of the liver itself as a main metabolic and excretory organ in the body. The presence of fenestrations in the layers of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and the absence of the

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• structural polymorphism [40] (arrangement, number, and order of layers), the electronic coupling between different layers, and the matrix in which graphene is embedded [41]. Indeed, the matrix plays a pivotal role owing to the ultimate surface-to-volume ratio and the poor electrostatic screening displayed by

• graphene-based composites [39]. These aspects are especially relevant in determining the in-plane electronic transport within each layer of graphene (intra-layer transport). Conversely, the electronic coupling between different layers dominates the out-of-plane electronic transport from one layer to

• nanostructured carbon on surfaces on the biological response The modulation of the implant–tissue interface is a complex field of work, which involves both chemical and biological issues. The addition of nanostructured carbonaceous layers represents a solid choice because of the intrinsic properties of carbon

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• effective temperature increase of our microbolometer with the highest responsivity (configuration 2) was ΔT = 2°C at P/A = 4 × 106 W/m2 as shown in Figure 5b. Boldor [26] demonstrated for their multiwalled carbon nanotube layers the same local temperature increase of ΔT = 2 °C at a much smaller power

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• , be noted that some endothelial cell layers have such a short distance between the poles of the cells that alternative mechanisms for transendothelial transport have been suggested [24]. Also, in non-polarized cells the growth conditions may affect the endocytic pathways and the physiology of the

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• material and silicon-on-insulator substrates with low-doped device layers and small nanowire diameters, achieving a fully depleted mechanism and allowing better surface-to-volume ratios and higher sensitivity applications. 2.2 Two-dimensional FET-based biosensors 2.2.1 Source-engineered Schottky barrier

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• degree of controllability or even its ability to self-support under gravitational loads; thus, there is a major interest in stiffness-tunable materials for soft robotic systems [15]. This stiffness tuning in many cases relies on the temporary bonding of composite layers or materials to change effective

• state for long durations and only need to be reformed occasionally. Energy damping: Depending on the structural layers for the biomimetic adhesives, there could be significant internal energy damping for energy absorption, that is, highly viscoelastic fibers and energy dissipation as heat during

• sheets but rather as a sandwich composite. This significantly increased overall stiffness because the stiff material, that is, the backing layers, is supported a considerable distance from the core axis. Figure 7 shows demonstrations of how these materials can function statically for changing stiffness

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• composition of the CoCrNi MEA is Ni32.7Co33.6Cr33.7. The radial distribution function, g(r), of the CoCrNi MEA substrates was calculated, proving the correctness of the structure, as shown in Figure 1a. Fixed atomic and thermostat layers were added to the CoCrNi MEA substrates to facilitate the machining

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• purification was achieved, but the functionalization of the material could lead to interesting applications, such as the production of nitrides using FEBID [28]. Water-assisted reactions in Pt FEBID deposits Water-assisted post-exposure purification of condensed layers of MeCpPtMe3 that mimic Pt FEBID deposits

• ± 0.016, slightly lower than the SEM-EDX top-down line-scan ratio of 0.5 (Supporting Information File 1, p S29) obtained on the same deposit. In the TEM images and the STEM-EDX maps (Figure 7, Supporting Information File 1, pp S30–S31), three layers can be distinguished: (i) the SiOx layer produced

• patterned area ranges between −0.125 and 0.125 µm. The (a) carbon and (b) platinum contents are presented in atom %. The background Si signal was not excluded from the analysis. (a) High-resolution TEM image and (b) overlay of the HAADF image and the STEM-EDX map of the cross section of deposit 1g. Layers

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• their risks, are blooming. One of the challenges is the characterization of the NMs. This cannot be done with a simple SMILES representation, as for organic molecules, because their chemical structure is complex, including several layers and many inorganic materials, and their size and geometry are key

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• ; hence, the groove structure needs to be arranged in the front section. In contrast, the back section of the suction surface already exhibits separated boundary layers and turbulent vortices, and the ribs closer to the vortex have a more significant impact on the flow of the vortex. The ribs were

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• this model, we deposited a Pd slab on top of a Ag slab. The lattice mismatch between them is 4.6%. In this way, the Pd lattice parameter is adjusted to the Ag parameter. The calculated Ag–Pd (111) distance at the interface is 2.31 Å. Meanwhile, the interplanar distances after the interface layers shift

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• number of layers, and measurements without KPFM might give an erroneous layer count. Moreover, a line profile along one and two layers (Figure 2c) reveals that, after charging, the height increase of the first layer with respect to the substrate is much more pronounced than the increase of the second

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• properties of these layers and to attain the desired parameters in the final product. Controlled thermal treatment serves various purposes, such as enabling crystal structure relaxation, defect reduction, and enhancement of the films’ crystalline arrangement. Furthermore, it can lead to improved electrical

• that, under the influence of temperature, organic compounds are released from the material, leading to the formation of discontinuities within the layers. Therefore, the HT+RTA sequencing procedure was developed. The modification aimed to obtain continuous layers with minimal carbon compound content

• the parameters. These factors included single film thickness, substrate type and atmosphere, temperature, and time of annealing along with the number of repetitions of HT+RTA cycles, which is the focus of this study. The most favorable results, that is, layers with the highest level of continuity and

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of

• semiconductor heterostructures [13]. Metal and dielectric layers can be used as hard masks for achieving high resolution and throughput of the FIB nanofabrication process [14]. Modification of integrated circuits [15] is an industrially relevant application of multilayer structure processing. Effective

• to take into account ion beam-induced redistribution and intermixing of atoms from different layers, were considered less frequently. Some of the examples include analytical estimations of the depth of bilayer substrates [26] and cell-based simulations of surface evolution and ion implantation using

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• properties. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional graphene derivatives consisting of one to few layers of graphene sheets with a size of less than 20 nm in width [11]. The missing bandgap results in an absence of luminescence in pristine graphene. However, a bandgap can be generated in GQDs

• of graphene. The broad nature of the diffraction peak is due to the structure of GQDs containing only few layers of graphene sheets [27]. The XRD pattern of TiO2/GQDs in solid form (dried at 100 °C for 3 h) exhibits characteristic peaks of anatase at 2θ = 25.6°, 38.1°, and 48.3°, corresponding to the

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• produce graphite structures. The carbon shell is a surface modification and, as such, affects the nanoparticles’ catalyst properties either positively [37][155] or negatively [149]. A low number of graphene layers on the surface of the nanoparticles was found to enhance the catalytic activity during

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• -dimensional (2D) materials with exceptional physical and chemical properties. These materials are typically exfoliated from three-dimensional (3D) layered crystals characterized by atomically thin layers held together by strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) forces. Apart

• materials by exfoliating massive materials. Hot electrons are shot into the crystal structure and cause repulsion between layers, resulting in few-layered 2D materials. Souza and coworkers [17] successfully demonstrated the production of few-layer hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, starting from bulk boron

• peak positions, approximately 0.1° less positive, was observed in the X-ray diffractograms for the exfoliated material. This shift aligns with the indications of reduced crystallite size and is consistent with the outcomes reported by de Souza et al. [17], who obtained few layers of hexagonal BN using

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• delineate a potential pathway for adhesive secretions, originating from exocrine epidermal cells and traversing various layers before reaching the surface. Within the attachment pad, the fluid may influence the viscoelastic properties of the pad and control the attachment/detachment process. Understanding

• ). These evaginations are also visible in the µCT cross sections as radio-dense layers (Figure 2A). The exocrine cells exhibited a mixed red/blue signal in CLSM (Figure 2D) and appeared densely packed in the SEM sections (Figure 2C). The exocrine cells are likely surrounded by the hemolymph (he), which

• fluorescence signal in CLSM (Figure 2D). However, they were not visible in the µCT cross sections (Figure 2A). The arolium exhibits a sclerotized cuticle (cu) on its dorsal side. The sclerotized cuticle is composed of two layers, the inner layer showing light blue staining by toluidine blue (Figure 2B) and a

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• signal of the substrate material could be significantly reduced. Even layers that are so thin that they could hardly be measured in the contact mode can be analyzed with the surface-sensitive mode. Keywords: AFM-IR; polypropylene; surface-sensitive mode; silicon oxide; thin films; XPS; Introduction

• peaks of the two samples (shown in Table 1) additionally supports the result that the chemistry of both SiOx layers is the same. AFM-IR analysis The prepared samples were analyzed by photothermal AFM-IR. First, AFM images were collected in contact mode to visualize the sample surface (Figure 4). In the

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• set of distinct orientations, which are determined by the underlying substrates on all these surfaces. Furthermore, chains of QA have also been observed on insulating layers of KCl grown on Ag(100) or Cu(111) [19][26]. In this work, we report the growth of QA on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface. The

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• hidden layer with eleven neurons, and an output layer. The most notable difference is that the DLN involves two hidden layers, each one with ten neurons. Both MLP and DLN showed high Sp and Sn values of 85%–86% in the training and validation series. If we compare the linear IFPTML-ANN model with non

• , which involves two hidden layers, yielded similar result as IFPTML-MLP 7:7-11-1:1. Taking into account all the aforementioned results, we can consider both IFPTML-MLP and IFPTML-DLN as the best models with remarkably higher values of Sp and Sn of 85%–86% and AUROC values of 0.93–0.94. However, the DLN

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• surface held at 140 K with the precursor coverage amounting to a few molecular layers and irradiation performed at an electron energy of 500 eV [43]. The results revealed, in line with an earlier study [40], that the electron-driven decomposition of the precursor proceeds in two steps. First, electron

• ]. In the case of the thin layers deposited in the present experiment, the actual composition is, thus, also likely to vary from the first to the second deposition step. We recall, however, that in a situation near scenario A, AES probes the entire deposit. Therefore, again, trends between different

• volatile products during irradiation. We note that removal of the MA ligand may be particularly favorable in the present cryo-EBID experiments as compared to an actual cryo-FEBID process where the thickness of the condensed precursor layers is typically in the hundreds of nanometers regime [28][29]. MA

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• excellent heterojunctions between CoFe2O4 and GQDs. The former is favourable for more MB molecules to adsorb on the active sites of the photocatalysts, and the latter can facilitate the GQDs layers acting as electron acceptors, which are beneficial for suppressing the recombination of photogenerated

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• results were observed in Formulation Tests 2 and 3. The release of DCS for these two formulations was 0.24% and 0.36% after 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, in the Formulation Tests 2 and 3, two separate layers were observed from the residual solutions in the donor compartment. In summary, both the DCS

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• the two magnetic layers. Common knowledge suggests that this spin valve effect, which is due to the S/F proximity effect, is most pronounced in the case of perfect metallic contacts at the interfaces. Nevertheless, in our structures with intentionally deteriorated interfaces, we observed a significant

• full spin valve effect. A shift of the superconducting transition temperature Tc by switching the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic Co layers from antiparallel to parallel amounted to ΔTc = 0.2 K at the optimal thickness of the superconducting Pb layer. Our findings

• superconducting spin valves. Keywords: ferromagnet; insulator layers; proximity effect; superconducting spin-valve; superconductor; Introduction Models and specific realizations of the superconducting spin valve (SSV) have been the subject of intensive research over the past 25 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9