Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• complex and expensive. SOI allows for excellent electrostatic control of the channel without needing to dope this channel. Ultra-thin body SOI is also known to be high speed with low power consumption and low parasitic capacitance [14]. SOI doping has applications in a variety of fields including

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• notably, narrow size distributions of the parameters, a more stable and more perfectly shaped etching mask is needed. Therefore, a mask formed by well-ordered metallic nanoparticles (NPs) was preferred. The chosen etching process is a low-power single-step reactive ion etching (RIE) process with CF4/CHF3

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• varying φ-values. When we consider S2 with larger a-values, we get a significant difference in the nature of SW spectra as opposed to S1. Here, instead of large number of modes, only two modes (one dominant mode with a low power shoulder) for almost all the angles are observed (excluding φ = 30° where

• powers of SWs are found to be concentrated at specific edges of the triangular holes. Interestingly, for S2 (lattice constant 700 nm), due to the increased inter-antidot separation, an additional SW propagation channel at φ = 90° gets opened. For other angles, the low-power edge modes are not present

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• power was chosen for two reasons: (1) to be in the low-power regime when calculating the lifetimes; and (2) to prevent inadvertent photobleaching. We observed that many potential circular features would readily photobleach at pump powers of hundreds of microwatts or above. The coupling efficiency can be

Effect of ferroelectric BaTiO₃ particles on the threshold voltage of a smectic A liquid crystal

• Abbas R. Imamaliyev,
• Mahammadali A. Ramazanov and
• Shirkhan A. Humbatov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 824–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.76

• view but also because of the great practical significance of LCs [1][2][3]. Flat panel displays based on LC have great advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, simplicity of manufacturing technology and small dimensions [4]. The growing needs in display technology (improved image quality

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• architectures were investigated [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, the bottleneck of these devices is still the low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is currently not satisfactory for application. The highest reported value of PCE for perovskite solar cells based on

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• controlling the electrical current. NEM switches have attracted attention as low-power [1] devices, demonstrating abrupt on/off switching characteristics and minimized sub-threshold swing, as well as reduced leakage currents leading to improved on/off ratios [2]. In the context of existing

• nm [82]). When the contact area becomes smaller than the mean free path of the electrons in the material, the electron transport enters ballistic conduction regime [83]. Nevertheless, typically, the metal–metal contact shows ohmic characteristics, which are preferable for low-power NEM switches, but

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• through low-power light irradiation enables the conversion of the amorphous phase into nanocrystalline graphite. Moreover, the degree of graphitisation strongly depends on the substrate material [63]. Electrical transport characterisation The electrical resistances of the FEBID deposits were measured at

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• circuits keeps it at an acceptable level [45] below 3 A. Reciprocal quantum logic: RQL was proposed in about 2008. It was developed as an alternative to conventional RSFQ, and presented as “ultra-low-power superconductor logic” [46]. The main difference between RQL and RSFQ is the power supply scheme [47

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• decomposition by microwave irradiation of the precursors in IL was achieved after only 10 min for Co(II) and 15 min for Fe(II), Eu(III) and Pr(III) using a low power of 50 W to give a temperature of 220 °C in the reaction mixture (Scheme 1). Black dispersions of nanocomposite materials were reproducibly

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• measurements Short videos of single YOYO–DNA molecules (≈200 frames) using 50 ms integration time and an electron-multiplying (EM) gain of 200 were obtained. To limit the effect of bleaching on the measurements, the sample was focused under illumination of a low-power 532 nm laser. Then the 532 nm laser was

• to non-labeled DNA molecules. At a low power density, 1.9 W cm−2, almost the entire strand is visible at ≈35 s (Figure 8a). This limits PAINT from identifying single dyes (against the sparsity principle). Thus, the useful time range for PAINT is the first 15 s of data acquisition even though the

Functional materials for environmental sensors and energy systems

• Michele Penza,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz,
• Albert Romano-Rodriguez and
• Meyya Meyyappan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2015–2016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.201

• nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, large band gap semiconductors, and metals) with new sensing properties (e.g., ppb-level detection, high sensitivity, selectivity) that are self-heating and provide durable operation for low-power devices (tens of μW to

• faces a big challenge to create innovative, low-cost sensors for air-quality monitoring and energy systems applications. The development of functional nanomaterials with new, tailored properties is a key issue for the improvement of low-power devices for indoor and outdoor air-quality monitoring. This

• based on smart materials with autonomous operation and low-power consumption are useful for real deployment and are complementary to the existing, high-cost, high-accuracy air-quality monitoring stations used by public authorities. These new, cost-effective sensor systems will be beneficial for the

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• a low-power broadband light source produce different backscattering spectra compared to normal cervical tissue in the visible wavelength range. Such difference in spectra detected by an optical sensor can be used in order to identify neoplastic lesions of the cervical epithelium. DRS is an indirect

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• smaller and lighter radicals and ions are produced. These ions cause less damage compared to the larger ones produced in low power plasmas. Comparing the effect of the treatment duration, an increased production of defective sites is observed for short plasma treatment: under this condition a lower

• fragmentation rate (Figure 2a). As a consequence, smaller and lighter radicals and ions reach the sample surface and a limited damage is revealed compared to the functionalization under low power conditions. The evolution of the D/G ratio for increasing exposure time at a fixed power can be explained assuming

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• portable user-friendly device with low power consumption. Our analysis was performed to verify whether S3 is able to distinguish between drinking and contaminated water. The concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in the contaminated sample is 500 CFU/mL (CFU = colony-forming units). Pathogenic

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• panel). The Raman spectra of the as deposited films (grey) were taken using a low laser power of 0.75 µW which leaves all tested MoS2 films unaffected. In situ laser annealing was undertaken by exposure to 3.5 mW laser irradiation for varying times in ambient atmosphere, followed by another low power

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• transistors can be operated electrochemically with gate voltages less than 350 mV. This makes copper atomic-scale transistor a good alternative candidate for the development of electronic circuits with low power consumption. Conclusion A copper atomic-scale transistor was fabricated on microelectrode chips in

Impact of air exposure and annealing on the chemical and electronic properties of the surface of SnO₂ nanolayers deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation

• Monika Kwoka and
• Maciej Krzywiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.55

• advantages such as simplicity, repeatability, and low power consumption [5][6][7][8]. Despite many years of research, there are still a number of unsolved limitations to SnO2 resistive-type thin-film gas sensors, such as small sensitivity caused by low internal surface or very long response and recovery

Tandem polymer solar cells: simulation and optimization through a multiscale scheme

• Fanan Wei,
• Ligang Yao,
• Fei Lan,
• Guangyong Li and
• Lianqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.13

• performance (especially, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE)) when compared with their inorganic counterparts. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of polymer photovoltaics. To fulfil this goal, various methods, including annealing [1], active materials modification [2

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• by a factor of 10, which enables the use of low-power laser sources and pulses shorter than 20 ns, comparable to industry HAMR benchmarks [21]. Power requirements are further eased by using FePt recording media [24], designed for improved laser light absorption and lower operating temperatures

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• technologies, low power requirements, quick response times (seconds), high sensitivity to small concentrations of a specific gas, complete sensor recovery, lightweight, and long term stability. More recently, sensors were fabricated with reduced dimensions (miniaturization or microelectronic processing) [2][3

Enhanced detection of nitrogen dioxide via combined heating and pulsed UV operation of indium oxide nano-octahedra

• Oriol Gonzalez,
• Sergio Roso,
• Xavier Vilanova and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1507–1518, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.144

• low power consumption. The task of indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring would certainly benefit from the implementation of grids of wireless sensing nodes [1]. In particular, radio frequency identification (RFID), has been identified as a widely extended technology in which the integration of

• one or more gas sensors in a tag, would turn the tag into a wireless sensor that could be easily read with an inexpensive reader via a radiofrequency link [2][3]. Nowadays, distributed wireless boxes to monitor air pollution already exist. These employ electrochemical gas sensors that are ultra-low

• power and very sensitive. However, such systems do not meet the requirements of personalized or indoor air pollution monitoring because of the high cost and size of the sensors. In environmental pollution monitoring, the detection of nitrogen dioxide is of particular interest because this pollutant is

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• . This is closely related to the increase of high-speed operation, good reliability, low power consumption and the decrease of unit price that led to the rapid development of the semiconductor device market and to the continuous downscaling of devices. Regarding the downscaling process, high mobility

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• ][6]. During the last decades, different types of sensors were fabricated for environmental and health monitoring. Among the different detection systems, chemical sensors based on metal oxide nanomaterials are highly demanded because of their high sensitivity, small size, low cost and low power

Adiabatic superconducting cells for ultra-low-power artificial neural networks

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev and
• Maxim V. Tereshonok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1397–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.130

• , 124460, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.7.130 Abstract We propose the concept of using superconducting quantum interferometers for the implementation of neural network algorithms with extremely low power dissipation. These adiabatic elements are Josephson cells with sigmoid- and Gaussian-like activation functions