Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• situation becomes very different since a continuum description of the materials might not be sufficient. The development of the atomic force microscope (AFM) [19] and the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) [20][21] has allowed for visualization and manipulation of nanoscale gears [22]. Those gears can be

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• demonstrated. We show a general propensity of these adsorbates to diffuse at low temperature under gentle scanning conditions. Our findings provide new insights into high-resolution probe microscopy imaging with terminated tips, decoupling atoms and molecules by NaCl islands or tip-induced lateral manipulation

• of iron atoms on top of the prototypical Pb(111) superconducting surface. Keywords: carbon monoxide (CO); lateral manipulation; NaCl; scanning tunneling microscopy; superconductivity; Introduction The most exciting manifestation of topological superconductivity [1][2][3] is the Majorana zero mode

• is, however, astonishing that most recent advances in manipulation experiments or contrast enhancement with functionalized tips are hitherto at their infancy, when studying a superconducting surface by STM/AFM. Although the earliest proposal for observing MZMs suggested to reposition Fe adatoms one

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• embedded in a freestanding GaAs/AlGaAs membrane [44][45][46][47][48]. It has been shown that morphology manipulation of semiconductor QDs such as size, shape, strain distribution, or inhomogenities can influence the coupling strength of electron–phonon (e–ph) interactions [49]. The phononic effects appears

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• as functional materials it can be difficult to arrange assembled nanostructures at both microscopic and macroscopic scales [10]. Also, fine manipulation of noncovalent interactions and corresponding peptide and protein nanostructures remains a huge challenge [24]. Amino acids are the major components

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• assemblies physically and electronically from a (strongly) interacting support is briefly reviewed. The molecule–substrate decoupling can either be achieved by suitable molecular design or manipulation of the molecular building blocks, or passivation of the substrate. Molecular engineering approaches include

• tip of a scanning probe microscope and mechanically lifted from the metallic surface such that they hang freely between metal contacts. This manipulation technique allows for measuring, amongst others, the electronic conductance, magnetic properties, reversible switching, and electroluminescence of

• free-standing molecules [12][13][14][15][16]. Physical decoupling strategies involving the design or manipulation of the molecular building block significantly limit the selection of building blocks and often hinder probing molecular properties with intramolecular resolution. Therefore, modifications

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• of DESs facilitates rapid nucleation yielding tiny particles that undergo Ostwald ripening through a slow process, allowing for the manipulation on the nanoscale with controlled crystal growth. Plasmonic metal nanoparticle synthesis using DESs Plasmonic metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• a magnetically actuated robotic system capable of fully automated manipulation of cells and microbeads and prepared a magnetic U-shaped robot, which was actuated with five electromagnetic coil controllers to generate a gradient magnetic field. In order to prepare a magnetic U-shaped robot, magnetic

• cancer, Wang et al. [22] developed a new type of micro/nanorobot, which can observe the state of cancer. This robot uses multi-stage magnetic tweezers for manipulation, which can precisely move in living cells. The multi-stage magnetic tweezers are composed of six magnetic poles and six coils, installed

• ultrasonic actuation mechanism. By generating an acoustic radiation force in a standing wave to capture and move particles, it was possible to realize drug particle/cell manipulation and micro/nanorobot actuation in clinical biology and medicine. An ultrasonic transducer and an electric linear platform were

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• iron oxide nanoparticles [46] has advantages over magnetic surface coatings, such as cobalt or nickel. Diamagnetic nanoparticles Applying an external magnetic force to manipulate the MNRs has become a frontier field of research. Uvet et al. [47] proposed a new microrobot manipulation technology based

• trigger drug release. The fabrication method of Chen’s team yielded not only easily adjustable length and diameter of the nanowires, but also excellent interface coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. It enabled precise magnetic manipulation on patterned surfaces and 3D swimming

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• biomedical applications, such as in therapies that involve magnetic manipulation with photothermal effect promoting a localized bactericidal activity [42][47][48][49]. Properties and oxidative dissolution The oxidative dissolution of AgNPs occurs by the oxidation of silver to silver oxide (Ag2O), with

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• variety of applications, including plasmonic/photonic devices, metamaterials, biomaterials and coatings, energetic materials, and high-strength ceramics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Most applications, however, require precise manipulation of the particle placement, spacing, and

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• with the automation tool of the NPVE software controlling the He ion microscope according to the FIB-o-mat patterns. No further manipulation of the patterns by the user is required. Hence, FIB-o-mat is technically not necessary for this task but constitutes a significant time-saver. 2 Mechanical

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• , DBs or DBDs [25]. Manipulation of single FePc molecules It is worth noting that the STM appearance of the individual flat-lying FePc molecules is different from that of the molecules in the FePc island. This finding suggests that the molecules are probably trapped at some surface defects and that the

• manipulation when the molecule marked by the dashed circle suddenly appeared on a perfectly hydrogenated Ge(001):H surface area. This could be inferred from that fact that the image shows the molecule only in the upper part of the scan, whereas the lower part of the topography presents the perfectly

• or the ligands are recorded [24]. The above findings indicate that the FePc molecules stay intact upon deposition on the Ge(001):H surface and that they are decoupled from the germanium substrate by the passivating hydrogen layer. Moreover, the manipulation event allows for the identification of the

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• field-triggered electronic manipulation of nanoscopic W3O9 clusters. Depending on the operating conditions, two different stable oxide phases, z’-TiOx and w’-TiOx, were produced. These phases show a strong effect on the adsorption characteristics and reactivity of W3O9 clusters, which are formed as a

• observed. The findings boost progress toward template-directed nucleation, growth, networking, and charge state manipulation of functional molecular nanostructures on surfaces using operando techniques. Keywords: atom manipulation; scanning tunneling microscopy; supramolecular self-assemblies; titanium

• controlled manipulation of single W3O9 clusters. The power of the STM approach for molecular switches has been demonstrated several times. For example, Cui et al. recently showed the reversible switching of a large discoid polyaromatic salt as a function of the applied bias voltage [27]. By that, we were

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• numerous advantages in using silkworm as a model organism. These animals require less sophisticated infrastructure for rearing, are prolific breeders, have a short life cycle, a moderate body size which allows for an easy manipulation of genes and organs, a clear genetic background, and abundant mutation

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• developed. In the last decade, the area of microfluidics, which is the field of science that studies the manipulation of minute volumes of fluids (i.e., from microliters to picoliters) [17], has experienced a significant growth in bioanalytical applications [17][18]. Electrokinetics (EK) and electric-field

• combination of electrophoresis (EP), dielectrophoresis (DEP), and EO flow effects [22], allowing for additional parameters to fine-tune a separation process. Particle characterization and manipulation with EK techniques offer the potential for developing novel separation schemes for the sorting and enrichment

• methods, although more recently it has been reported that the major phenomena controlling the particles in these systems is the EP of the second kind [25][26]. The use of DEP for protein manipulation via dielectrophoresis chromatography was first reported in 1994 by Washizu et al. [35]. Since then, other

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• spring constant, quality factor, and resonant frequencies. Research has been conducted to improve AFM cantilevers in terms of manipulation, approximating material property, and images contrast. V-shaped and triangular cantilevers are widely employed in AFM imaging techniques due to their stability

• essential for successful manipulation by AFM and there are many studies focused on this subject [16][17]. It is known that the torsional spring constant of a cantilever should be minimized in order to make it more sensitive to forces [18]. It is also known that V-shaped cantilevers are more sensitive to

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• strongly bonded to the substrate to withstand manipulation due to lateral forces exerted by the approaching tip. (2) The tip atomic arrangement is characterised by a deep minimum of total energy preventing a rearrangement of tip atoms or disintegration if the tip is strained by the interaction with the

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• layer. We discovered that the self-assembly on top of the buffer layer allows better control over the nanoscale manipulation of the self-assembled networks. Using the influence of the STM tip, we could initiate the nucleation of small isolated domains of the benzoic acid on-command in a reproducible

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) [45]). While the implementation of these different imaging modes will require some additional modifications to our existing instrument, the path towards achieving such a truly multi-physics characterization and manipulation tool by combining advanced AFM with HIM can

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• controlled via the manipulation of the magnetic order in the F subsystem [21][22][23][24][25][26]. One possible way to exert such a control is via interaction of superconductivity and interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) of F layers through a normal metal (NM) spacer. The IEC in a F/N/F system can be tuned by

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• Jost Stergar Natan Osterman Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia 10.3762/bjnano.11.97 Abstract We present the trapping and manipulation of a single nano-object in an aqueous medium by

• modeling gives a quantitative prediction of the effect. Traps can be dynamically created and relocated, which we demonstrate by the controlled independent manipulation of two nanoparticles. Keywords: laser; microfluidics; nano-manipulation; thermophoresis; trapping; tweezers; Introduction In science and

• technology, there is an incessant need, or at least a desire, for a (contactless) manipulation of small objects, such as nanoparticles, molecules, or even single atoms. In this work we present an approach to the thermophoretic trapping of particles in dynamic temperature gradients induced through laser

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• rotating needle with a stainless steel core, which simultaneously performed a translational movement to achieve a helical fiber shape. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 31: Additional experimental data. Supporting Information File 32: Video showing the magnetic manipulation of a helical

• chitosan fiber. Magnetic manipulation of a wet-spun helical chitosan fiber with embedded IOPs using a neodymium magnet. Funding The authors thank the MAPEX initiative at the University of Bremen for financial support. D.B. and N.S. gratefully acknowledge funding by the Emmy Noether program of the German

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• functionalized as heterostructures with the aim to understand their growth process as well as to use their unique properties in devices [2][3][4][5][6]. Due to their respective high surface-to-volume ratio [7], NWs are highly beneficial for recognition and manipulation of surface-sensitive processes [2][8]. As a