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Search for "mechanical" in Full Text gives 1028 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46
- simplicity and resistance to mechanical stress. Recently, we have reported the structural characterization and effect on J774A.1 murine macrophages of ALN loaded in nanoarchaeosomes, that is, nanoARC(ALN) and nanoARC-Chol(ALN). Remarkably, these formulations do not seek to modify the solubility of ALN, but
Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44
- 10 × 10 mm2 to prepare 2 mm thick sample tablets. In order to increase the mechanical stability, the tablets with a density of 0.5 g/cm3 were annealed at 1000 °C for 1 h in air. Morphology analysis was carried out with a VEGA TESCAN 5130 SEM instrument equipped with an EDX detector from Oxford
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43
- CF/GQDs samples as catalysts. The decolourisation occurs in two steps. First, the catalyst was mixed with the MB solution in the dark for 60 min to ensure the adsorption/desorption equilibrium; second, the lamp was turned on to irradiate the MB solution under mechanical stirring. It is found that the
Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39
- ) experiments were performed to study the effect of heat treatment on the inner structure of NWs. Two transmission electron microscopes (Tecnai GF20, FEI and JEOL microscope, model ARM-200F) were used at a 200 kV acceleration voltage. Simulations The extent and distribution of mechanical stresses induced by
- exceed the ultimate strength of Ag NWs. Based on these facts, we expect that the thermal expansion of Ag NWs will compete with friction forces between the NWs and Si substrate, causing significant mechanical stresses inside the NWs, especially at the interface between the two materials. This may serve as
- mechanical stresses in a partially suspended NW, we performed corresponding FEM simulations (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). According to simulations, the highest stresses (up to 1.5 × 109 N/m2) are concentrated at the interface between the adhered part and the Si substrate, followed by the
Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37
- , defects profoundly impact, in a beneficial or detrimental manner, characteristic properties of 2D materials [2]. A prominent 2D material is graphene. Intact graphene, the 2D sp2 arrangement of C atoms in a honeycomb mesh, is well known for its appealing electronic and mechanical properties [3][4]. However
- ][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Even single missing C atoms were demonstrated to severely change electronic [11][13][14][18], mechanical [17], and magnetic [7][8][10][12] characteristics. It is therefore not surprising that the intentional creation of defects, which has mainly been achieved
- bond remains intact during further tip approach up to Δzp and during tip retraction. The retraction of the tip may be accompanied by a partial detachment of graphene from the surface. As soon as the mechanical load surpasses the bond strength, it breaks at Δza. A comparable scenario was put forward
Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36
- a bioresorbable magnesium alloy stent coated with an anti-proliferative drug, offering a dual benefit of mechanical support and localized drug release, leading to improved outcomes in atherosclerosis treatment [173][174]. Besides, since zinc has emerged as a promising candidate because of its anti
- capacity to diminish the infarct area and preserve cardiac function [185]. NP scaffolds, capable of controlled degradation over time, provide temporary mechanical support while facilitating tissue healing and implantation. The presence of AuNPs in infarcted heart tissues has been associated with a
- alloys, owing to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, have been explored for the fabrication of vascular grafts highlighting their potential as a durable and biocompatible alternative in atherosclerosis-related revascularization procedures [187]. Similarly, studies conducted by Li
Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35
- fracture behavior, which in turn determines their contamination ability, was examined using a theoretical mechanical approach [35]. It was demonstrated that during contact formation between insect pads and a plant surface, the wax projections having very high slenderness ratio (i.e., aspect ratio) may
On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34
- , Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.34 Abstract Strain sensors are sensitive to mechanical deformations and enable the detection of strain also within integrated electronics. For flexible displays, the use of a seamlessly integrated strain sensor would be beneficial
Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27
- production of ROS. Also, they can have a mechanical effect on the membrane, leading to depolarization of the membrane and cell damage. The “Electron Active M” descriptor is a representation of the number of electrons that an active metal possesses. Active metals are known for their quick and robust reactions
Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS2 thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26
- flakes In this part, we report and discuss the advantages and limits of some Raman criteria that were found to be efficient to derive the thickness (i.e., the number of layers N) of large MoS2 flakes prepared by different ways, namely mechanical exfoliation and standard CVD (including twisted CVD 2L-MoS2
Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25
- gauge factor of 107, a broad strain range of 300%, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding durability. (The GF serves as a means to assess the sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors; it is defined as the ratio of the relative change in resistance to the applied mechanical
- strain, expressed as GF = [(R − R0)/R0]/ε. Here, R represents the resistance observed during stretching, R0 denotes the initial resistance, and ε signifies the magnitude of the mechanical strain applied.) This versatile sensor not only accurately detects small physiological signals such as human joint
- movement and identifies variations in ambient temperature, but it can also monitor diverse large deformation movements in real time, such as those involved in the mechanical control of security alert systems. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first examination of a metal film with
Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23
- . We present design simulations including mechanical finite-element modeling of surface strain and electromagnetic simulations of meandering nanowires with large kinetic inductance. We discuss a lumped-element model of the force sensor and describe the role of an additional shunt inductance for tuning
- -induced deposition of platinum. Finally, we present measurements that characterize the spread of mechanical resonant frequency, the temperature dependence of the microwave resonance, and the sensor’s operation as an electromechanical transducer of force. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; force sensing
- (KIMEC) sensors. A force sensor designed specifically for scanning probe microscopy must have a sharp tip that is readily positioned and scanned over a surface. We operate the sensor near a mechanical resonance with a high quality factor Q for enhanced responsivity to force. The mechanical resonator is a
Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19
- superconducting order parameter Δi and the Hartree potential Ui are determined through the self-consistency equations [6]: where the angular brackets ⟨…⟩ denote quantum mechanical averages, and the sum goes over the eigenfunctions of the BdG equations, labeled by index n. The Hartree self-consistency condition
Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO2 substrates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18
- extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties. Although many years have passed since its discovery, manipulating single graphene layers is still challenging using standard resist-based lithography techniques. Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to etch graphene directly in water-assisted
Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16
- nanocomposites prepared with the same amount of GO, GO-VTES(a), and GO-VTES(b) were characterized with tensile tests and dynamic mechanical tests. The stress at break of DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) was 5.2 MPa and 4.3 MPa, respectively, which were lower than that of DPNR/GO. However, it exhibited higher
- desire to enhance the green strength of NR to achieve the comparable mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber (VNR) [1][2][3]. VNR is commonly utilized for NR commercial products. However, due to its crosslinked structure, VNR products cannot be recycled or degraded after diposal [4][5
- significant impacts on improving the mechanical properties of NR. Numerous studies have utilized suitable monomers to graft onto NR via radical routes. For instance, graft copolymerization of styrene [11][12], methyl methacrylate [13][14], and hydroxyethyl methacrylate [15][16] onto NR enhances the green
Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13
- force, as well as reduced lateral force. Simultaneously, they enable mechanical property mapping of the sample. However, ORT modes have an intrinsic drawback: a low scan speed due to the limited ORT rate, generally in the low-kilohertz range. Here, we analyze how the conventional ORT control method
- rate and therefore enables higher scan rates while refining the mechanical property mapping. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); feedback control; off-resonance tapping (ORT); pulsed-force mode; Introduction Constant force mode, a widely used AFM imaging mode, utilizes a feedback controller that
- . describe an improvement upon jumping mode, where, instead of performing a force curve, they turn on the feedback to bring the cantilever into contact with the sample to minimize the tip–sample forces [7]. In this approach, however, no mechanical properties are extracted from the force curve. In addition
Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6
- metabolites), flexibility with high mechanical strength, chemical and thermal resistance, high rate of reversible fluid absorption, and low interfacial tension with water [6][7]. A very desirable property of hydrogels is the ability to incorporate or suspend various particles in their structure, such as dyes
TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1
- away from the nanostructures can affect the overall mechanical stability of the membrane. Dry etching is generally better suited for bulk substrate applications as discussed in section “Preparation of nanostructures starting from a bulk substrate”. Stencil lithography Stencil lithography was
- etching can yield nanodisks as small as 200 nm with high precision. However, it is important to consider that the IBE process may result in thinner SiN membranes, potentially compromising their mechanical stability. Furthermore, IBE, which is a physical etching process, redeposits a non-volatile metal
Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99
- Perawat Boonpuek Jonathan R. Felts School of Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College
- of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA 10.3762/bjnano.14.99 Abstract AFM sharp tips are used to characterize nanostructures and quantify the mechanical properties of the materials in several areas of research. The analytical results can show unpredicted errors if we
- nanostructured materials, for example, graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoscale semiconductors, biomaterials, and molecules. Mechanical properties such as surface stiffness, adhesion, friction, electrostatics, and electrowetting can be measured [1][2][3][4]. In contact mode scanning, the contact area between the
A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH3)2Cl]2
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98
- gas-phase experiments under single-collision conditions and quantum mechanical calculations for data interpretation, in combination with FEBID in an UHV setup. The results of this study demonstrated that at 5 keV electron energy, FEBID deposits with 31–34 atom % Au content were attainable with this
Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95
- drug delivery can be achieved, are mechanical properties of nanoparticles. Even though this is often not even considered during formulation development, and it is not requested for approval, an increasing number of studies show that it is important to have knowledge about these characteristics. In this
- article, we discuss examples highlighting the influence of elasticity in nanoscale biological interactions focusing on mucosal delivery and on tumor targeting. Besides this, we discuss the influence of different measurement settings using atomic force microscopy for the determination of mechanical
- properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action
A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94
- commonly observed in C-AFM because of highly localized electric fields at the tip apex leading to structural damage considerably affecting the measurement reliability. These effects are further amplified during scanning in contact mode due to shear forces and strong mechanical stress imposed on the tip
Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88
- time-periodic surface electrostatic potential generated under optical (or electrical) pumping with an atomic force microscope. The modulus and phase coefficients are probed by exploiting a double heterodyne frequency mixing effect between the mechanical oscillation of the cantilever, modulated
- measurements [16], which consists in analysing the intermodulation products between the mechanical oscillation of the cantilever and the photogenerated surface potential. In short, intermodulation spectroscopy allows working in the frequency domain (instead of the time domain) by extracting, during a single
- effect between the cantilever mechanical oscillation, the surface photovoltage harmonics, and an ac bias modulation signal. The frequency of the modulated bias can be set so that any given spectral component of the surface potential (or intermodulation product) can be “transferred” to the second
Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87
- mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with vertical atomic resolution in real-time. This technique offers the opportunity to measure concurrently the optoelectronic and mechanical response of the device at the nanoscale. Furthermore, time-dependent atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to
- ); time-dependent AFM; Introduction Light has been recognized as a versatile external energy source to actuate micro/nanorobots with outstanding merits of wireless, remote, and precise controllability [1][2][3][4]. Light-driven micro/nanorobots convert light into mechanical motion and are able to perform
- ]. However, the working principle of these techniques is based on optical interferometry mapping which can be challenging for light-sensitive devices. Furthermore, it can be advantageous to employ a method that also allows for mechanical contact and manipulation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) [11][12][13][14
Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al2O3, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86
- Kayhan Dagidir Kemal Bilen Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.14.86 Abstract In this study, the use of nanolubricants containing Al2O3, graphene, and carbon
- . Firstly, the POE oil and nanoparticles were stirred in a mechanical stirrer, then the mixture was stirred with an ultrasonic stirrer. The mechanical mixing process was applied with the TOPTION MX-S mechanical mixer. Also, an ultrasonic mixing process was applied with the TOPTION TU-900E4 sonic mixer. The
- . The a) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 200 nm, b) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 400 nm, and c) EDS analysis of the CNT nanoparticles. XRD pattern of the CNT nanoparticles. The devices used to implement the two-step method are a) mechanical stirrer, b) ultrasonic stirrer, and c) precision
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