Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• with a deposition rate of approximately 0.1 Å/cycle. The deposited films were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and are well in the metallic state. We also show the optimization of the overall process through varying the pulse times for precursor, purging, and the plasma pulse. Experimental

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• adjusting its parameters to minimize a specific cost or error function. These algorithms play a crucial role in training machine learning models and are fundamental to many optimization and learning techniques. Fine-tuning the model parameters through iterations helps to improve the model’s performance and

• optimization of the hyperparameters. The AD was also determined, and all compounds were found to be below the threshold of h* = 0.42, as shown in the Williams plot in Figure 3. The AD is the chemical space formed based on the descriptors of the training set compounds. The compounds in the chemical space are

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• , requiring their specific optimization. Overall, this work demonstrates, by means of several structural, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques (including XANES-EXAFS synchrotron experiments), that the reproducible large-scale synthesis of high-quality morphologically controlled CoAl-LDHs is feasible

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• -effectiveness. The optimization of these variables depends on NP design parameters such as size, shape, charge, composition, preparation method, and surface decorating moiety. The most crucial aspect in the future development of ACNPs will be the design and fabrication of multiple targeting moieties with the

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• -dodecane are colored in green and pink, respectively. Geometry optimization was performed using the Gaussian 16 program [50] at the B3LYP/6-31G* level [51] with Grimme’s D3 dispersion correction [52]. The optimized geometry of isolated C96H24 was fixed during the calculation, and the geometry of the

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• . Optimization of the PS@Ag SERS substrate fabrication To optimize the etching time of PS on the wafers, a RhB solution (10−5 M) was chosen for estimating the SERS signal. The wafer pieces were etched for 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 min. The corresponding substrates were denoted PS0min@Ag, PS5min@Ag, PS10min@Ag

• ; optimization of droplet generation; synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the droplet-based microfluidic device; FESEM images and EDX spectra of the SERS substrate; SEM images of the SERS substrate with RhB; and calculation of the enhancement factors for RhB and MLM. Supporting Information File 34: Additional

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• from carbonaceous by-products. However, the ID/IG ratio seems to settle at around 1.00 at a much higher HAB value. Hence, crystallinity and graphitization of the products are inversely proportional to the diameter, as discussed previously, leaving a trade-off that requires optimization. Overall, the 17

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• electromagnetic field enhancement. We should note that all these values in Table 1 are rough numbers with no optimization (e.g., the Q-factor of the quasi-BIC resonance can be controlled by the level of symmetry breaking (the size and position of the elliptical slot)). However, the results in Table 1 with

Transferability of interatomic potentials for silicene

• Marcin Maździarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 574–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.48

• generate k-points grids, kptrlen was set to 43.0. Since the 2D structures were analyzed in the z direction, a vacuum of 20 Å was applied. The initial data for the five structures analyzed were deduced from [7] and [8]. The structures were then carefully relaxed with full optimization of cell geometry and

• potentials of Tersoff, SW, and MEAM types seem to be the best choice here. Although data for silicene polytypes were not used in the optimization of these potentials, they were able to reproduce their properties well. This is a consequence of the fact that they are based on physics, have a natural

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• ) and the calculated mean resistance (with standard deviation) is 1.26 ± 0.07 kΩ. A geometry optimization was also performed to find out the maximum gain response as a function of width, length, and number of painted layers (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). To better understand how MWCNTs

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the

• –alginate biohybrid systems (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The optimization study also showed that the use of a sodium silicate concentration of 7.5% may cause an increase in the diffusional limitation, reducing the exchange of compounds necessary for the biological activity of the encapsulated

• . Nonetheless, further research in biocatalytic applications of these silica-based nanoarchitectures and optimization of the synthesis procedures is still required. Experimental Materials and methods Sepiolite from Vicálvaro-Vallecas deposits (Madrid, Spain) was provided by TOLSA, S.A. as Pangel S9 rheological

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• resulting from changes to shape, size, material, and dielectric can be effectively obtained from simulations. Such endeavours minimize the effort required for material optimization. Also, they allow for considerable flexibility in exploring unconventional morphologies and material combinations. With

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• with hyaluronic acid–doxorubicin NPs layered by electrostatic adsorption upon the micelle surface. Hyaluronic acid was used for CD44 targeting (a receptor that is often overexpressed on the surface of lung tumor cells), as well as for the optimization of biodistribution, improved tumor homing potential

• gene therapy. Additional findings in the field emerged with the combinatorial synthesis of SORT lipid libraries, which improved screening, selection, and optimization of ionizable SORT lipids for exclusive organ/tissue localization. Considerable effort has also been made to understand the influence of

• preferentially target the spleen, the amide-containing lipidoids contribute to increased lung targeting, and lipidoids with ester bonds in the tail tend to deliver mRNA into the liver [156]. Rational design of LNPs by in vitro and in vivo optimization of morphology and ratio of the lipid components and their

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• Vladimir M. Krasnov Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.14.16 Abstract Optimization of Josephson oscillators requires a quantitative understanding of their microwave properties. A Josephson junction has a geometry

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• are slightly larger and less packed than those in the samples with 30 and 36 atom % of Ag (Figure 1b). Following the aforementioned hypothesis, this observation can be due to the more pronounced effect of the GP zone in the sample with low silver content [31]. Optimization of the nanoporous structure

• diffusion of Ag atoms, and the reaction between Cl− and Al proceeds faster than that for other anions [47]. To complete the optimization of the SERS nanoporous silver substrate towards the detection of RhB, films with different silver compositions (i.e., 18, 30, and 36 atom %) were dealloyed using H3PO4 and

• nanoporous structure is reported. Following the characterization of the surface, the structure and surface composition were correlated with SERS properties. Following the optimization of the thin film structuration, a limit of detection of 10−10 mol·L−1 is demonstrated. The high sensibility and the

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• of the sample. The results of numerical experiments are described in the literature [37][38][39]. The next stage of sample study involved the optimization of the nanofilm interface. The basic magnetic properties of the nanocomposite depend on the quality of the interface between the layers, so the

• problem of obtaining clearly separated contact layers is highly relevant. Using simulations, it was demonstrated that optimization of the nanofilm interface can be obtained either by introducing additional intermediate thin layers neutral to the original composition, such as aluminum oxide, or by

• local order of atoms on parameters with considerable practical interest (e.g., magnetization, different types of energies, spin temperatures, and particle orientations) remains open. The last two steps of the analysis, which include the optimization of magnetic properties and experimental study of

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• . Such optimization of the extraction procedure promotes biomedical applications of (6,5)-SWCNTs since final dispersions do not contain surfactants or organic solvents incompatible with living systems. Experimental Materials CoMoCat (SG65i, ≥95% semiconducting SWCNTs) and Tuball (≥80% SWCNTs) SWCNTs were

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• considerations [52]. Bi-based photocatalysts may currently be synthesized using various methods, the most common of which are hydrothermal synthesis, solid-state reaction, and design and optimization. Today, NaBiO3·2H2O, Bi2O3, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, BiCl3, and Bi are the most common Bi-based semiconductor

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• the system, leading to more deflection and, thus, to more contact of the fiber with the surface. In contrast, the elastic energies E1 and E2 increase the total energy, In order to find the fiber detachment point x0 in equilibrium, one needs to solve the optimization problem A general analytical

• solution to this optimization problem for any surface, that is, for any f(x), cannot be found. However, numerical solutions are easily possible and, for some cases, even approximate analytical solutions are available. Let us assume the surface to be described by a cosine function (that is obviuosly

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• possible to obtain large, continuous films covered in polymeric nanofur. In a further optimization step, it is concievable that the polymer film used as a sacrificial layer, COC in our case, could be reused or recycled. This could be realized either directly, if the surface of the film is not damaged

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• orders of the Binary 2 surface type so that the step-zoom focusing can be achieved. The RMS spot of the focal plane for various configurations and FOVs were used as the evaluation criterion. The optimization process was as follows: First, the system parameters, including entrance diameter, FOV, and

• working wavelength were set. The effective focal length and working F-number operands were added in the merit function as constraints. Then, we set the back focal length and phase coefficients as optimization variables. Two metasurfaces corresponding to the previously calculated focal lengths were

• optimization efficiency referring to the previous work. Second, the two designed metasurfaces are cemented with the fused silica substrate. In turn, the back focal length, phase coefficients, and substrate thickness were added as optimization variables in order to minimize the RMS focal spot size for different

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• al. employed a computer-aided design for the optimization of microneedle systems based on hyaluronic acid and a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (Gantrez®S-97) produced by micromolding (Figure 7). Fluorescein sodium (FS) was used as a model compound with hydrophilic properties

• polyhexamethylene biguanide, an antimicrobial agent, for in vivo assessment of therapeutic efficiency. The drug-containing tip after optimization was delivered to the mouse cornea and efficiently reduced the progression of keratitis [183]. The same group developed another rapidly detachable MN. The new idea was to

• modify the previously described concept by adding an additional fast dissolving layer separating the drug tip from the microneedle base. The layer consisted of a porous blend of PVA/PVP. Optimization of the composition and manufacturing process enabled almost immediate release of the tip upon contact

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• NEP level for photon-noise limited operations, we have performed a very important optimization for cold-electron bolometer design. We changed one of two SIN tunnel junctions to the SN contact, so it became a SINS structure. This change allowed us to increase current responsivity twice and to improve

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• graphene processing appears to lie in the optimization of the PMMA-assisted transfer. In this context, we propose an optimized approach for a clean mass transfer of graphene samples over wafer-scale areas. A PMMA mixture was developed by balancing the AMW and weight percentage in anisole to guarantee a

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• ., hydrazine) as reductants or rapid heat treatment at high temperatures are required for the synthesis of electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO), controlled synthesis of ERGO films could be possible via optimization of electrochemical parameters. These parameters are the range of the applied voltage, numbers of

• . Results and Discussion Optimization and characterization of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide formation Figure 1A shows the UV spectra of GO and its change following the electrochemical reduction of GO. It is observed that the absorption peak of GO at 223 nm due to the π–π* transition of the C=C

• oxidation peak (Epa) potential of PT as a function of pH is near −59 mV, which suggests that the same number of e− and H+ is involved in the reaction [38][39]. Optimization of square-wave voltammetry parameters Square-wave voltammetry analysis is more accurate compared to an electrochemical method such as