Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• delivery, catalysis, and sensors. The methodologies, developed for the first time in 1999 [1], for the production of bimetallic nanoparticles in the gas phase can be roughly classified as either simultaneous or sequential. In the first category, the materials that will be used to make the nanoparticles are

• Pd atoms. The bimetallic alloy surface was optimized (Figure 7b), and the calculated (111) interplanar distances are 2.40 Å in the bulk phase and 2.38 Å at the surface (see Figure 7c). To explore the Janus particles that involve AgPd, the Ag/AgPd and Pd/AgPd models were first optimized by

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• reactions? This is basically impossible to predict a priori since several effects come into play, for example, change in bond dissociation energies, electron density at the metal, and dipole moment. Of the possible experimental approaches to address this question, a crossed-beam gas-phase experiment

• the gas phase has been probed with respect to its dissociative ionization [10] and dissociative electron attachment [11][12]; there is even information available on its electronic excitation, which is the first step towards neutral dissociation [11]. The gas-phase studies have been complemented by

• surface-based investigations, where the electron-induced ligand loss has been probed by XPS [13], ion desorption [14], IR spectroscopy [15], or cluster-beam studies [16][17][18]. The ligand loss has also been probed by ion impact, both in the gas phase [19] and on the surface [13], and, theoretically, by

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• cells were investigated under a phase-contrast microscope (Nikon Eclipse TS100, Nikon, Japan), and photomicrographs were taken using a CCD camera (COHU, USA) to track any changes in cell morphology. Then, 100 µL of old medium was replaced in each well with 200 µL of media: positive or negative control

• , extracts from the scaffolds, or media with the same salt concentrations. After 24 and 72 h treatments, phase-contrast microscopy images were taken. The relative cell viability was determined using the WST-1 reagent (diluted in medium without phenol red (colorless) at 1:20). A volume of 200 µL of old medium

• elastic deformation phase is shortened and the Young’s modulus is increased. Therefore, the fibrous samples become more fragile. The elongation at breakpoint values (Figure 4 and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4) show the rigidity of the scaffolds. The Sr(NO3)2 salt-containing samples

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• invasive mode, the driving excitation frequency can be fixed at, or near, the free resonance frequency of the cantilever, or tracked by using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to keep the system always in resonance. If the driving excitation frequency is kept fixed, the phase variations contain information about

• capacitance signal was also recorded, as explained in [61]. Spectroscopy data were acquired using a variant of the 3D-mode dynamic force spectroscopy [62], explained in detail in [63]. Briefly, force, frequency shift, amplitude, and phase channels are recorded simultaneously at a fixed sample point as a

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed

• and Discussion The as-grown films are uniform and consist of single-phase CuO. However, they exhibit a notably high content of organic compounds, which are residues from the growth process. These residues contribute to the films’ low electrical stability and their susceptibility to temperature-induced

• , cupric CuO, cuprous Cu2O and the intermediate phase paramelaconite Cu4O3. The aforementioned phases of copper oxide have different physical and electrical properties, different colors, and crystal structures [55]. By examining the Raman spectra of copper oxide compounds, phase as well as chemical

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• = 26°, corresponding to the (101) plane of the anatase phase (JCPDS file 73-1764) (Figure 2a). As the XRD measurements were made in liquids instead of solid powders, the diffraction peaks are found to be broad and weak. The diffraction peaks of the GQDs at 2θ = 30.4° can be assigned to the (002) plane

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• (11−2) and (−112) planes were identified with 2.2 Å interlayer spacing, indicating [021] growth direction. The presence of NWs with various crystalline orientations suggests either the absence of one dominant preferential growth direction due to the low-symmetry monoclinic phase or other growth

• resulted in higher elastic modulus values, while NBs with higher width-to-height ratios showed a significant decrease in elastic modulus [22]. Although the variation of the cross-section geometry and the presence of different growth directions, related to the low symmetry of the monoclinic Ga2O3 phase and

• resonance and three-point bending methods, respectively. The measurements exhibited significant scattering, which was attributed to the variation of the cross-section geometry and the presence of different growth directions, related to the low symmetry of the monoclinic Ga2O3 phase and thus anisotropy in

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• , approaching an integer value. This reduction in frequency ratio enhances the high harmonic oscillations and improves the phase contrast during imaging [15]. The macroscale cantilever model (6 × 1 × 0.18 cm) is 266 times the size (within the error range) of the microscale cantilever dimensions. Considering the

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• to the formation of nanoparticles and can be performed in either aqueous media [4][5][14] or organic solvents [14][15][16][17][18]. Further, it is possible to synthesize metastable phase nanomaterials (NMs) that are hardly obtainable by conventional, chemical methods [19][20][21][22][23][24]. LFL

• nanocomposites based on sp-hybridized carbon chains [64]. Liang et al. specified the conditions for inhibition of phase crystallization and, hence, the formation of metallic glass nanoparticles in organic solvents, which was attributed to the carbon doping of the amorphous phase as well as carbon shell formation

• synthesis of HCN [79]. The oxidation and phase change of the target surface during LAL was initially published by Ogale et al. [80] in 1987, and nanoparticle oxidation has been addressed in the literature frequently afterwards [53][54][68][69][70]. During the plasma and cavitation bubble phase, reactive

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• flow. The arc was generated between a 316 L steel electrode and another electrode composed of graphite. The process lasted 60 min. Subsequently, the resultant material was collected, rinsed in a 1:1 mixture of water and isopropanol, and decanted for 24 h. Then, the liquid phase was filtered using a

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• but mostly contains water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances [31][32][33][34][35] creating lipid droplets in an aqueous fluid [27][36] or hydrophilic nanodroplets embedded in an oily continuous phase [23][37]. Additionally, the tarsal secretion could be a mixture of multiple substances that are

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• of the cantilever was used as detection mode at 205 kHz. The drive mode was set to 845 kHz, which equals a higher contact resonance mode. The spectra were collected with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1, and the phase-locked loop (PLL) was disabled for collecting the spectra. In addition to these

• deeper bulk phase of the substrate and more information of the near-surface region. In samples with a thicker layer of SiOx, this results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Even though the spectra of the sample with a low SiOx thickness still show sizable peaks originating from the substrate

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• by a phase-locked loop (PLL) that also guarantees a constant oscillation amplitude, A1 [10]. If the tip is far enough from the surface, that is, at distances where the strength of the tip–surface interatomic forces is negligible with respect to the restoring force induced by the excitation, its

• sensor may be described by that of an equivalent SHO of resonance frequency f1, quality factor Q1, amplitude at the resonance A1, and stiffness k1. The relevance of that approximation is verified by recording the resonance curve around f1 and checking to which extent the measured amplitude A(f) and phase

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• temperature. The deposition process was monitored by the QMS, and the integrated QMS signal was used to calculate the QA coverage θQA. It is given in numbers of monolayers (ML) of the α-phase, as explained in detail in [23]. A more detailed description of the experimental procedures can be found in [23]. The

• corresponding features in the LEED images in detail. A LEED image of QA with a coverage of θQA = 0.65 ML is illustrated in Figure 3a. It is very similar to that of the α-phase of QA/Ag(100) but contains additional spots. The α-phase is defined as the phase of parallel QA chains at a coverage of θQA = 1.0 ML, at

• which the distance b2 between the chains is minimal [23]. The model of the diffraction pattern in Figure 3b shows the spots of the known α-phase diffraction pattern in black and the new spots in gray. The reciprocal vectors of the α-phase and those of the new orientation E are depicted in red and light

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• is determined by the i-th NDD compound and the n-th NP measurement conditions. The remaining cases, f(vij(cd0), vnj(cn0))obs = 0, indicate that at least one of the abovementioned conditions fail. Definition of objective and reference functions IF phase for combining the references After we obtained

• linear and non-linear conversions of MA have been applied for NDD and NP development in previous research work [49][55][56]. The MAS is another way of expressing the combination of IF and PT cumulative procedures of NDD and NP datasets. IF phase and proposal of training and validation series subsets To

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• 700g, and the first fraction of 250–300 μL was collected. The resultant nanovesicles were sterilized by passage through a 0.22 μm sterile filter and stored at 4 °C. ALN was quantified in the aqueous phase, while phospholipids were quantified in the chloroform phase after extraction of ALN using the

• Bligh and Dyer method [77] by a colorimetric phosphate microassay [75]. Size and ζ potential of nanovesicles were determined by dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering, respectively, using a Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK). To prepare RhPE-labeled

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• with more than 90 atom % Fe were obtained [19], presumably related to electron beam heating effects. However, attempts to purify deposits with initial Fe contents of only 40 atom % by annealing up to 700 °C led to phase segregation into a highly pure and crystalline Fe phase and a carbonaceous material

• phase [30][31][32][33][34], of clusters of the precursor [35][36][37][38], or of Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on surfaces [27][39][40][41][42][43] with the aim to provide insight into the chemical reactions inherent in the FEBID process. A recent surface science study was performed on Fe(CO)5 adsorbed on a Au

• irradiation removes on average 2.5 CO ligands from Fe(CO)5. This is followed by a second phase during which continued irradiation produces graphitic carbon and oxide material corresponding to about 20% of the initial CO ligands. However, these latter reactions do not further reduce the carbon and oxygen

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• Department of Material Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.44 Abstract Aeromaterials represent a class of increasingly attractive materials for various applications. Among them, aero-ZnS has been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sacrificial ZnO templates consisting of

• phase content of the prepared aerogels by the duration of the technological procedure. A scheme of deep energy levels and electronic transitions in the ZnS skeleton of the aeromaterial was deduced from the PL analysis, suggesting that the produced aerogel is a potential candidate for photocatalytic and

• for the preparation of the abovementioned semiconductor-based aeromaterials. Most of these aeromaterials have been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Particularly, an aero-ZnS material exhibiting hydrophilic properties under tension and hydrophobic

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• multiple-component photocatalysts is a common way to overcome the issues of single-phase photocatalysts [9]. Stacking GQDs sheets onto CF nanoparticles not only prevents CF from agglomeration but also forms heterojunction contacts, which possibly reduce the recombination of the photo-induced electron–hole

• -1086). It is notable that the XRD pattern of cobalt ferrite with the initial Fe/Co ratio of 2 (stoichiometric ratio) exhibits the diffraction of iron oxides at 2θ of 24.2°, 33.2°, 40.8°, and 49.6° (JCPDS no. 33-0664). This means that a part of cobalt ions goes to the liquid phase during synthesis

• . Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a higher amount of cobalt than its theoretical ratio to achieve stoichiometric cobalt ferrite. Cobalt ferrite with the initial Fe/Co molar ratio of 0.5 has also spinel structure, and no additional and intermediate phase are observed, indicating that a single-phase spinel

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine the amount of DCS. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for DCS analysis The stationary phase of liquid chromatography (LC) was a 5 µm C18 column from Thermo Fisher Scientific (15 cm × 4.6 mm). The mobile phase A was comprised of acetonitrile (Merck

• Millipore) and 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid (Merck Millipore), and the mobile phase B was comprised of deionized water and 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid. The gradient of mobile phases was set with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The temperature of the autosampler was set at 4 °C, and the injection volume was 5 µL

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• defects in the middle of the suspended part. This effect should be even more pronounced if we assume that a NW is deformed and stressed only in the early stage of the hot phase followed by a gradual relaxation of the NW by the means of heat-enhanced rearrangement of Ag atoms at the contact with the

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• revealed from the XRD studies, as-deposited NS-WOx films are amorphous in nature, whereas post-growth vacuum-annealed (at 673 K for 1 h) films show an amorphous-to-crystalline structural phase transition. XPS analysis confirms an increasing concentration of defect density in the form of oxygen vacancies

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• [5]. Globally, CD creates an annual burden exceeding 800,000 disability-adjusted life years and $600,000,000 in healthcare costs [6]. Classically, the infectious cycle in the human host begins as an acute phase, asymptomatic except in children, where trypomastigotes circulate in the blood and

• intracellular amastigotes are usually found in hepatic macrophages. Amastigotes multiply and differentiate into trypomastigotes, which are released back to the blood after cell rupture. The acute phase is followed by an indeterminate, asymptomatic phase. Ten to thirty years after the acute phase, 30%–40% of

• patients will develop a chronic phase. This phase presents typical denervation and fibrosis of cardiac or digestive muscles, with scarcer intracellular forms. The subsequent cardiac arrhythmias or progressive heart failure and sudden death are the highest attributable cost of the disease [7][8]. With 75

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• the nanowire reduces Ic and decreases the maximum nc possible before undesirable nonlinear effects become significant. A nonlinear microwave mode is not part of the standard electromechanical formulation, complicating the analysis in, for example, the phase-sensitive detection scheme. Third in the

• the measured magnitude and phase response of two nominally identical devices, both with nanowire width w = 200 nm, where one device has the shunt inductance and the other does not. For a shunt with inductance Ls = 195 pH, we increase Qext by a factor of roughly twenty at the cost of a slight reduction

• cryogenic amplifier for low-noise microwave reflection measurement, as shown in Figure 8. Low- and high-frequency signals are synchronously synthesized and measured with a digital multifrequency microwave measurement device (Vivace from Intermodulation Products AB) to measure phase-sensitive

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• a temperature of 300 K, following the NPT ensemble, employing Berendsen weak coupling method [36]. Subsequently, a pre-equilibration phase was conducted for 10 nanoseconds within the NVT ensemble. For the short-range interactions, the cut-off distance was defined as 1.0 nm. In the adaptive well