Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• interplay between the coherent dipole coupling between exciton and plasmon and the incoherent exchange of photon energy between both systems. This can happen when the damping of both separate oscillators is different, which is our case with the plasmonic resonance and the MC molecular exciton. The large

Exploring the photoleakage current and photoinduced negative bias instability in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors with various active layer thicknesses

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2573–2580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.239

• and illumination stress (NBIS)-induced instability in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) with various active layer thicknesses (TIGZO) were investigated. The photoleakage current was found to gradually increase in a-IGZO TFTs irrespective of the TIGZO when the photon energy of

• because of its excellent electrical and optical properties [5][6][7][8]. Although the band gap of IGZO (≈3.1 eV) is higher than the photon energy of visible light, photoinduced leakage current under visible-light irradiation can be detected in the oxide-based TFTs [9][10]. This is due to the fact that the

• photoleakage current increases with increasing TIGZO. Figure 2e exhibits the photoleakage current of a-IGZO TFTs with various TIGZO as a function of the photon energy of incident light. When the photon energy exceeds ≈2.7 eV (460 nm), the photoleakage current starts to increase and increases gradually with

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• layer and the reflectance, respectively. Figure 2b shows α estimated as a function of photon energy (hν). The influence of the Co3O4 morphology on α is interesting. Except for the 70 nm film, α increases with thickness, suggesting an increase in porosity as well. A higher porosity led to higher α values

• thermal oxidation of the Co particles. (a) Optical characteristics including the transmittance and absorbance spectra of Co3O4 films. (b) Absorption coefficient (α) as a function of the photon energy (hv). (c) Photograph of a Co3O4 electrode for photoelectrochemical cell studies. (d) Linear sweep

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• refraction). The latter is especially important in solar cells where indirect semiconductors such as silicon (Si) are used as an absorber layer, where the absorption coefficient at the photon energy approaching the value of energy bandgap is small. Furthermore, efficient light management is important in

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• . The valence band edges of Si-NWells detected are located within the magenta lines and shown in (b). The bottom energy scales refer to electron kinetic energy up to UV photon energy. The top energy scale shows the energetic position of electrons relative to vacuum level with valence band edges and

• from the sample surface prior to the measurements. Single scans of spectra were recorded over 12 h per NWell sample and subsequently added up for eliminating white noise. Scans for the Si-reference sample were recorded over 2 h and subsequently added up. All NWell samples were exited with a photon

• energy of 8.9 eV and a photon flux of 2 × 1012 s−1. The incident angle of the UV beam onto the sample was 50° with respect to the sample surface normal, and excited electrons were collected with an electron analyzer along the normal vector of the sample surface. The energy calibration of the UPS was

High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

• Kahraman Keskinbora,
• Umut Tunca Sanli,
• Margarita Baluktsian,
• Corinne Grévent,
• Markus Weigand and
• Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

• device was experimentally determined as a function of the incoming photon energy. The maximum measured DE of the FZP was measured to be 0.60% at 700 eV and decreases to less than 0.45% at 1200 eV. The DE of the whole device including the silicon nitride membrane starts to decrease for energies below 800

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• . First, the semiconductor photocatalyst can absorb photon energy that is greater than its band gap and electrons in the valance band can be exited to the conduction band, resulting in photoexcited electron–hole pairs. Then, the photo-exited electron–hole can move to the surface of the photocatalyst

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• measurement, as demonstrated by the data acquired on the HOPG substrate. Finally, both the SPV and the photostrictive response show a clear dependence as a function of the photon energy (as shown in Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). For equivalent optical powers, much smaller height variations and SP

New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices

• Olga E. Glukhova,
• Igor S. Nefedov,
• Alexander S. Shalin and
• Мichael М. Slepchenkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1321–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.125

• to find the absorption coefficient by the following formula To calculate the elements of the complex optical conductivity tensor, the Kubo–Greenwood formula [16] that determines the conductivity as a function of photon energy Ω was used. It can be written as [17]: where fβ(x) = 1/{1 + exp[β(x − μ

Theoretical study of strain-dependent optical absorption in a doped self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot

• Tarek A. Ameen,
• Hesameddin Ilatikhameneh,
• Archana Tankasala,
• Yuling Hsueh,
• James Charles,
• Jim Fonseca,
• Michael Povolotskyi,
• Jun Oh Kim,
• Sanjay Krishna,
• Monica S. Allen,
• Jeffery W. Allen,
• Rajib Rahman and
• Gerhard Klimeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1075–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.99

• the absorption peak photon energy. The magnitude square of the wave functions of the electron and hole states. Only the first eight electron and hole states are plotted. The conduction and valence band edges (solid lines) along a line through the middle of the quantum dot in the (A) [001] and (B) [110

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• of 40 N/m. Image processing was carried out using the Nanoscope software. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed on a Theta Probe spectrometer (Thermo Electron Co., Germany) using monochromatic Al Kα radiation (photon energy of 15 keV with maximum energy resolution of

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• shows the physical color of the samples. (b) The plot of (αhν)2 vs photon energy (hν). Photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination. (a) The rhodamine B (RhB) solution degradation of the as-prepared samples with sample with no catalyst and P25 as comparison. (b) The linear fitting of the

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• allow the enhanced absorption of photon energy from the visible light spectrum. Larger metallic nanoparticles (>5 nm) produce a robust surface plasmon emission in the visible spectrum [10]. The intensity of the plasmon band is highly dependent on the morphology, surrounding medium dielectric constant

• interrelation between the noble metal and semiconductor is the key for understanding electron generation and excitation. Once sufficient photon energy is obtained, it will excite the free electrons present in the noble metal to a higher Fermi level [28][29]. This movement of electrons leads to the

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• , Raman analysis indicates that CdSe NRs are well-associated to TiO2 particles. The UV–visible absorption spectra of TiO2 and CdSe/TiO2 composites are shown in Figure 4a. The bandgap energies of TiO2, CdSe and CdSe/TiO2 composites were determined by plotting [F(R)hν]2 vs photon energy and extrapolating

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• investigated by XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy. The nitrogen concentration was determined from the ratio of the area under the C 1s and N 1s peaks taking into consideration the photoionization cross-sections for elements at the given photon energy. The values derived from the survey XPS spectra of the samples

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• after laser irradiation can be assigned to oxygen deficiency related to intrinsic defects in the silica matrix [16][28]. Since the photon energy at 226 nm is higher than the Si–O bonding energy (4.5 eV), the laser radiation may cause direct bond breaking. The absorption below 400 nm is related to two

Changes of the absorption cross section of Si nanocrystals with temperature and distance

• Michael Greben,
• Petro Khoroshyy,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Jan Valenta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2315–2323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.231

• first term on the right-hand side of Equation 24 is governed by the occupation number of phonons while the second term represents a function of the difference between photon energy and the band gap. It is also clear from Equation 24 that the higher the energy of a photon, , the larger the expected ACS

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• % ZnO quantum dot/KNb3O8 nanosheet composite photocatalyst. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the ZnO quantum dot/KNb3O8 nanosheet composite photocatalysts; (b) (αhv)1/2 versus the photon energy of the ZnO quantum dot/KNb3O8 nanosheet composite photocatalysts. Yield of methanol using KNb3O8

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)₆ by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

• Mónica Mendes,
• Khrystyna Regeta,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
• Nykola C. Jones,
• Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
• Gustavo García,
• Chantal Daniel and
• Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

• studies of W(CO)6 in the photon energy range of 3.9–10.8 eV (Figure 1) were performed at the AU-UV beam line of the ASTRID2 synchrotron facility, Aarhus University, Denmark. The experimental setup has been described previously [31], with recent modifications reported in detail by Palmer et al. [34

• transitions The measured high-resolution VUV photoabsorption spectrum is presented in Figure 1, in the photon energy range from 3.9 to 10.8 eV, and the proposed assignments are summarised in Table 1 based on the vibrational spectra of Amster et al. [18], Broquier et al. [19] and the infrared data of Jones [20

• spectral assignments are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4. This is the most intense band within the photon energy range studied and corresponds mostly to the 21T1u←11A1g MLCT transition involving the contribution from (3t2u←4t2g) (0.64) and (12t1u←4t2g) (0.31) (Table 1) calculated at 6.106 eV with a large

Angstrom-scale flatness using selective nanoscale etching

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Hiroshi Saito and
• Katsuyuki Nobusada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2181–2185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.217

• , we have developed a near-field etching technique. In this process, the molecules are dissociated by an ONF with a lower photon energy than that of the molecules (see Figure 1). When light irradiates the substrate, the ONF is generated only at the protrusions because of their non-uniformity

• continuous-wave diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser (λ = 532 nm; 2.33 eV; excitation power: 119.4 W/cm2). Thus, the incident photon energy was lower than the dissociation energy of Cl2 (3.10 eV) [11] and the hypochlorous acid (3.35 eV) [12]; therefore, the Cl2 or hypochlorous acid dissociated on the

• protrusions only. In the solution, a light source with a photon energy of 4.66 eV (higher than the dissociation energy) dissociated the hypochlorous acid and consequently produced Cl radicals [13]. This process is expected to be similar to the etching of glass when Cl2 gas is used. The laser light was

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• more than 20 nm for polymeric materials [15]. HAXPES reaches its full potential when using synchrotron radiation as an excitation source since, in this case, photon energy (and thus kinetic energy) can be tuned so that the probing depth can be also varied in a controlled and continuous manner

• affinity to PMMA (more efficient although non complete wetting). This is further confirmed when the C 1s HAXPES spectra are taken at different photon energies, as shown in Figure 5c,d, where the spectra have been acquired at 2700 and 3000 eV, respectively. Increasing photon energy implies increasing

• located on top of the Si/SiO2 interface, as schematized in Figure 7a, since it is the first feature that appears at the lower photon energy used. In addition, since the feature at 1844 eV exhibits a lower binding energy as compared to the 1846 eV counterpart, it can be assigned to a substoichiometric

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• , obtained at a photon energy of 130 eV, was fitted by four components of which one only corresponded to 1 or 2% of the total intensity. The other three components were assigned to three groups of atoms that could be defined from the model. The assignment proposed in [15] implied that the 3d intensity from

• colored green and labeled Ge(8), the other Ge atoms are colored orange, Al atoms are colored light blue, except for the first layer Al atoms which are colored grey. The Ge(4) atom gives rise to the hexagonal pattern observed by STM. Ge 3d core-level spectrum obtained at a photon energy of 135 eV in normal

• components are not given in [15], so a quantitative evaluation is difficult. In Figure 4, we present a Ge 3d core-level spectrum obtained from a surface on which the (3×3) reconstruction was dominating, as verified by LEED patterns at different electron energies. The spectrum was measured using a photon

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• -optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements would be very interesting. Moreover, as MOKE measurements allow one to address magnetic properties with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, magneto-optical techniques in the visible or X-ray photon energy range have been supposed to be important for

• the integration of single-molecule magnets into spintronic or quantum computing devices [12]. For the design of such devices the knowledge of the photon energy at which the MOKE is largest in magnitude is of crucial importance. The number of reports on spectroscopic MOKE investigations are very

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• ], confirming the depletion of the pristine graphitization level previously observed in Raman spectra (Figure 4). Additional peaks appear at 287, 288.6 and 290.8 eV and they are more evident for high fluorine content (blue curve), as indicated by the black bars over the photon energy axis. These features are

• indicative for covalent bond formation [31][38] and, in correspondence to them, we can observe the presence of broad peaks in the F–K edge at 690.2, 692.4 and 696 eV photon energy. These resonances correspond to the excitations from the F1s to σ* states due to the covalent interaction between F and C atoms

• (≈1 eV) and an Ar ion gun (≤10 eV) is used. The valence band (VB) spectra are measured with 140 eV photon energy in the ALOISA experimental chamber at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility (Italy) [40]. The base pressure is within 10−10 mTorr range. Photoelectrons are collected at normal emission

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159