Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• nanocomposite. Additionally, a noticeable reduction in the intensity of the amide-related bands in CS/TPP-β-CD-rot suggests possible interactions – such as hydrogen bonding or covalent bonding – between rotenoids and the chitosan matrix. These spectral features confirm the successful incorporation of rotenoids

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• , optical absorption, and optical conductivity of the ZnS NT-CP system. Our findings reveal that the interaction between CP and ZnS NT induces notable changes in the electronic and optical properties of the nanotube, including a substantial bandgap reduction of up to ≈40% for the specific orientation A. The

• ZnS NT with (3,3) chirality is illustrated in Figure 2. The structural analysis reveals an average Zn–S bond length of 2.29 Å, which is slightly shorter than the bond length of bulk ZnS (2.34 Å). This reduction in bond length can be attributed to the curvature of the NT structure, which induces a

• Figure 4. The pristine ZnS NT exhibits a bandgap of 3.03 eV (Figure 3i), consistent with previous studies [38][40][54][55][56][57][58]. Upon CP adsorption, the bandgap values for orientations A, B, C, and D were reduced to 1.92, 2.27, 2.31, and 2.47 eV, respectively. This reduction in the bandgap is

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• decomposition [4], oxygen evolution reactions (OER) [14], oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [15], in CO oxidation [16], and in CO2 and CO reduction [17]. This high activity in catalysis has been attributed to adsorption energy distribution patterns (AEDP) during catalytic reactions [18], which may be tuned based

• on density functional theory calculations of binding energies and machine learning algorithms for an efficient catalyst design [15][17][19]. The synthesis of HEA NPs has been realized by many methods, including carbothermal shock synthesis (CTS) [20][21], chemical reduction [22][23], fast-moving bed

• , colloidal nanoparticles can be synthesized and/or processed by laser ablation in liquid (LAL) [51][52][53][54][55], laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) [56][57], and laser reduction in liquid (LRL) [58][59][60], making LSPC an efficient method for nanoparticle research but also for scale-up, as it has been

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• shows deep learning models to be superior for super-resolution tasks and enables significant reduction in AFM measurement time, whereby low-pixel-resolution AFM images are enhanced in both resolution and fidelity through deep learning. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; deep learning; fast scanning

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• occurred for all coatings. In particular, an increase in ion beam current led to a reduction in crystallite size by approximately 30% compared to coatings prepared by conventional EBE process. The average anatase crystallite size for annealed films was in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. A detailed SEM

• such as substrate temperature, deposition rate, substrate biasing, and ion beam gun settings. Moreover, post-process annealing can lead to a reduction in thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the film and the substrate and can also affect internal stress by

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• [30][31]. A halogen lamp light with a wide spectral range of 500–800 nm using optical filters was used as light source for 10 min at an output power of 35 mW·cm−2 (Figure S6 and Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1). For AlClPc and PtOEP nanoparticles, a significant reduction in the cell viability

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• . However, the viability of cells treated with hBNs+US for 24 h was decreased to 80% for all concentrations of hBNs. Both hBNs and BaTiO3 showed the same behavior with the US exposure for 24 h. This reduction in cell viability can be attributed to the transient mechanical effects by ultrasound exposure

• , the scratch width was significantly reduced in cells treated with hBNs+US (5 and 10 µg/mL) and BaTiO3+US (5 and 10 µg/mL). However, cells treated with hBNs+US exhibited a significantly greater scratch width reduction than those treated with BaTiO3+US. The enhanced migration ability can be attributed

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• reversibly alter the orientation of liquid crystals at room temperature. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the palladium/gold film results in the reduction of pre-adsorbed oxygen and the generation of adsorbed hydrogen. This process causes the nitrile-containing liquid crystal to undergo a change in

• organic ionic plastic crystals/Li on LLZO particles enhances the ionic conductivity. In systems with disordered interfaces, an increase in the amount of additive results in a reduction in the distance between particles and a gradual interconnection of the interfaces, thereby enhancing the ionic

• Ru complexes were employed as assembly templates to direct the topochemical addition of repeating monomers. The polymer is extended in discrete steps through the oxidation of units such as thiophene and pyrene, and the reduction of alkynyl units. The same reaction is then repeated in order to repair

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• %. Furthermore, the surface wettability increased by 15%, and the crystallization temperature rose by 25%, indicating an acceleration in crystallization kinetics. However, these enhancements were accompanied by a 37–50% reduction in elasticity. Despite the decrease in ductility, the elongation at break remained

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• supported well by the reduction of the values of Φf and τ as a result of the photosensitization process competitive with the fluorescence emission. Conclusion In summary, we have designed and synthesized a multifunctional calix[4]arene, which self-assembles into nanoaggregates in water medium, which are

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• from the particle surface and grain boundaries, as evidenced by a reduction in crystal domain sizes. Direct imaging of void formation further deepened the understanding of the process, showing that voids act as primary drivers of the transition, corroborated by TTM-MD simulations and additional single

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• drops sharply due to reduction of ion cross section. This decrease triggers the feedback system to stop the approach at a predefined setpoint current, effectively determining the z-position of the sample at that location. By scanning the sample pixel-by-pixel in hopping mode, a three-dimensional

• stability contrasts with the structural alterations reported with more violent techniques, such as deformability cytometry [37]. For mitochondria isolated using the nitrogen cavitation method, fixed mitochondria exhibit significantly smaller dimensions (Figure 4b). The reduction in size can be explained by

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• tip changes to eventually arrive in contrast mode C4 is shown in Figure 4. Images in Figure 4a–c and Figure 4g–i represent image data acquired while step-wise decreasing the frequency shift setpoint. Such a reduction of the tip–surface distance eventually triggers tip changes. Contrast profiles for

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• reduction of Ag is extremely hazardous and can be dangerous to humans and the environment [17]. Hence, safer nontoxic methods for the production of AgNPs are in high demand. Green chemistry emphasizes the use of nontoxic chemicals and production pathways for environmental safety. Motivated by these

• -derived CDs was utilized for the reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs. The efficient reduction of Ag(I) to Ag(0) at optimal concentrations of CDs confirmed the successful production of AgNPs from silver nitrate (AgNO3). The adding of a small amount of PG-CDs to a 0.1 mM AgNO3 solution (i.e, 1:9) produced AgNPs, as

• contour map of PG-CDs-AgNPs, which suggests the PL emission in the blue range. The crystalline nature of the PG-CDs-AgNPs was established from the X-ray diffraction pattern. Figure 2a displays an XRD pattern of the PG-CDs-AgNPs synthesized via PG-CDs mediated reduction. According to the XRD pattern, the

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• gained considerable research attention. In this context, the current work demonstrates a facile rGO-supported solid-state MW synthetic route for fabricating a ternary nanocomposite of VO2, Fe2O3, and rGO. Here, the MW irradiation for 90 s was found to be suitable for the reduction and exfoliation of

• graphite oxide to form rGO, the reduction of V2O5 to form VO2, and the formation of Fe2O3 from ferrocene. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm the formation of distinct metal oxides in the presence of rGO. Furthermore, the morphological analysis reveals the deposition of

• for supercapacitor applications. In another work, Mn3O4 nanograins-intercalated rGO NC was synthesized through the MW-assisted hydrothermal approach, which showed superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity [11]. Aside from the oxides, mixed metal sulfides are likewise reported to be combined

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• in grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction patterns. Atomic force microscopy images show grain size reduction and a fall in the surface roughness value of films after implantation. The implantation-induced structural modifications are further correlated with the variation in diffuse reflectance

• intense (002) peak is further analyzed. The intensity of the peak reduces with increasing ion fluence, revealing a reduction in crystallinity. This is due to argon ion implantation-induced lattice damage. Yet, even at the highest fluence, complete amorphization is not detected. ZnO films were implanted

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• reported in Figure 3c. The exposure to the photon beam induces a much more pronounced decrease of Zr4+ intensity in the ceria–zirconia mixed oxide film than in pure zirconia. This was ascribed to a synergy between the two oxides inducing an oxygen transfer from ceria to zirconia upon reduction using soft X

• structural modifications associated with thermal reduction in CeO2/Pt(111) films, as well as the influence of the Pt substrate’s proximity, were investigated using XANES/EXAFS combined with surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) [47]. A strong interaction between cerium oxide and platinum was identified and

• an irreversible amorphization was observed at high reduction temperatures, while a partial decomposition of the ceria nanoislands to metallic cerium was found to occur under milder conditions than on Pt(111) or other metal substrates [48]. High-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD)-XANES

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• segregation due to differences in precursor reduction temperatures [38]. Other techniques such as laser scanning ablation [39] and Joule heating [40] have also been employed to generate CCAs, but they often involve costly precursors and lengthy solvent screening processes. Among the various techniques

• , regardless of the target preparation technique. Additionally Gatsa et al. [49] provide a realistic perspective that the CCA NPs production using a multibeam PLAL approach can be scaled up to ca. 3 g·h−1. The CCA NPs produced by PLAL have shown a promising response as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

• , indicating that the thermal energy at room temperature is sufficient to overcome the magnetic anisotropy. The value of Ms (5 K, 9 T) for the bulk material (68.2 A·m2·kg−1) is much higher than that of the NPs (25.1 A·m2·kg−1). This reduction in Ms in the NPs can be attributed to the inhomogeneity of the NPs

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• calculations showed that a water layer in AB bilayer graphene enlarges the intersheet distance from 3.459 to 6.626 Å, and consequently leads to a reduction of 37.5% in intersheet binding energy of the van der Waals force. In our experiments, sustainable green chemistry approaches are used to synthesize

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• reduction methods for the synthesis of NPs without the need for chemical reagents [12]. Laser ablation techniques are intrinsically efficient and require little manual labor and do not require extreme conditions, such as high vacuum, temperature, and pressure [13][14][15]. One of the many advantages of PLAL

• solution (IPA or DMF, the solvent used) is rapidly heated and causes the partial reduction of S1− (in S22−) to S2−. The ions in the high-temperature bubble might have reacted quickly to form FeS nanoparticles. Zhou et al. explains a similar mechanism while describing the formation of Cu1.4S from Cu(acac)2

• by laser ablation in liquid. In that case, the S2− ions formed from the decomposition of an organic solvent (DMSO), Cu2+ formed by breaking down of Cu(acac)2, and Cu+ (reduction of Cu2+ in ethanol) reacted to form Cu1.4S NPs [54]. For obtaining phase-pure FeS2 films, a sulfurization method was

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• . Subsequently, ApoE was probed with a fluorescent antibody (Figure 3C). LNPs incubated with recombinant ApoE3 at a concentration similar to that of human serum was used as a positive control. Heat inactivation resulted in an almost fourfold reduction of fluorescence compared to untreated human serum, suggesting

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• approximately 0.1. A substantial decrease in X4 leads to a corresponding decline in the dependent variable Y, particularly in the X1‒X4 and X3‒X4 interactions. This effect arises because a reduction in X4 decreases water solubility and hinders the formation of a homogeneous cellulose mixture. Additionally

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• understood. In the last two decades, the transfer of these laser-based processes to organic substances has been reported with a particular focus on particle size reduction by LFL [10][16][17]. One motivation behind the size reduction of organic particles like drugs or near-infrared absorbing dyes, which

• that a 36% increase in the specific extinction band could be achieved for vitamin C and up to 135% for capsaicin [35]. Further work demonstrated the successful laser-induced particle size reduction of curcumin, where the laser-generated NPs had particle sizes below 500 nm. These NPs also exhibited

• greater intracellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity on rat C6 glioma cells [36]. Laser-generated nanoscale cinnamon was also synthesized and showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after particle size reduction compared to the unirradiated educt [37

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• ). This result is associated with improved charge transport properties and a reduction in the number of trap states at that interface. We propose that BCF, as a Lewis acid electron acceptor, efficiently coordinates with under-coordinated iodide defects and passivates them, increasing junction quality

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• partial antioxidant properties, creating an interface that reduces ROS and provides protection against oxidative stress for PDL cells (Figure 4). To investigate whether TA adsorption affects cell adhesion properties beyond ROS reduction, PDL cell growth was monitored at 24 and 48 h following treatment

• activity The Alamar Blue (AB) assay was used to quantify the metabolic activity of PDL cells in direct contact with FLG and TA solutions by detecting the oxidation–reduction rate of AB [46]. This assay has gained significant popularity as a common method for examining cytotoxic effects induced by various

• the percentage reduction in ROS levels compared to the control group. Cell morphology To assess potential changes in cell morphology induced by FLG–TA, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on treated and untreated cells after 24 and 48 h of direct contact. Cells were cultured on 12 mm