Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• simultaneous presence of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions [28]. Induction of ferroptosis could be a valuable strategy to overcome tumor resistance to apoptosis or anticancer drugs and increase the effectiveness of cancer cell killing. It also contributes to the T cells’ immune response against cancer [25]. Ferroptosis and

• reactions of hydrogen peroxides in LIPs under the name of the Fenton reaction [59][60]. In addition, iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) such as IRP1 and IRP2 regulate the expression of DMT1 and TfR1, ferritin, and FPN1 by binding to the mRNA of iron response elements (IREs). Under iron deficiency conditions

• [84]. For example, in response to radiotherapy, cancer cells develop adaptive reactions, such as upregulating SLC7A11 or GPX4 expression, to fight induced ferroptosis. Accordingly, ferroptosis inducers targeting either SLC7A11 or GPX4, along with radiotherapy, can radiosensitize tumor cells by

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• plasma volume. However, under femtosecond laser processing, the material response depends on specific properties of the material, such as plasma formation, nonlinear absorption, and multiphoton ionization. In such a high-intensity regime, the optical constant of the material becomes dynamically dependent

• minimal variance in response to fluctuations in fluence levels. Elemental distribution on the surface of LIPSS at different wavelengths When subjecting a material’s surface to pulsed laser irradiation, a fascinating phenomenon occurs, namely, the ablation of material along the laser path, accompanied by

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• showed that the film exhibited inhomogeneous coverage and an inconsistent PEC response, which could lead to misleading interpretations when comparing the material trends. Therefore, these samples were not included in subsequent analyses to maintain the clarity and consistency of the dataset

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• predominantly [9]. These compounds have the potential to enhance immune response, reduce the risk of degenerative diseases, and contribute to anti-inflammatory activity [10][11], reducing the indiscriminate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids in the population [12][13

• counterpart [47]. The superior pharmacological response of the nanoemulsion may be attributed to the nanoscale droplet size, which increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, enhances solubility and stability, and promotes rapid absorption and cellular uptake [56]. The nanometric scale facilitates more

• -inflammatory response than diclofenac. At 6 h post-treatment, the nanoemulsion maintained a comparable effect to diclofenac at the same dose levels (Figure 6). These results further substantiate the enhanced efficacy of the oil in the form of nanoemulsion in modulating acute inflammation in rats. Conclusion

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• combination of near-IR imaging and photodynamic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma [37]. 1.1.4 T lymphocytes (T cells). T cells are highly specific and more actively identify foreign bodies, including cancer cells. In addition to directly killing cancer cells, T cells organize the immune response by

• recruiting other immune cells and also prevent the immune response from overreacting [38]. Therefore, T cells are the most extensively studied immune cells in cancer immunotherapy [39]. Kang et al. have developed T lymphocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles that can target cancer by T cell-associated proteins

• [41]. Wayteck et al. have prepared liposomes that can hitchhike on cells to the tumor site and get separated to perform their cytotoxic activity [42]. 1.1.5 Cancer cells. Cancer cells establish their own mechanism to escape immune response [43]. They are tightly bound by surface proteins to hinder the

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• and PM disruption [33]. Notably, from 100 ppm onwards, larvae exhibited melanized nodular structures interpreted as pseudotumors (Figure 6, white arrow head), a typical outcome of the activation of the phenoloxidase cascade. This immune response is frequently triggered by gut damage, epithelial

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• hours of exposure, with studies reporting that 99% of individuals exposed to CP experience ocular symptoms, including inflammation, corneal edema, tissue damage, and potential visual impairment [6][7][8]. Developing portable, sensitive, rapid-response, and reliable sensors for detecting chemical warfare

• . Semiconductor nanomaterials such as graphene, B12N12, fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, WO₃, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, SnO₂, TiO₂, MoS₂, and NiO have been widely employed in gas sensor applications due to their superior selectivity, sensitivity, and response characteristics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29

• humidity sensing performance compared to that of ZnO/ZnS nanorod arrays and ZnO nanorod arrays, with enhanced response, faster recovery, good linearity, and reliable reproducibility across a wide range of relative humidity conditions at room temperature. Giri et al. [48] demonstrated that phase-selective

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• , S.L.P. México 10.3762/bjnano.16.86 Abstract Nanomechanical maps to test the mechanical response of the outer envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained utilizing atomic force microscopy in force–volume mode in the low range of loading forces when exposed to hypotonic (Milli-Q water), isotonic

• (PBS), and hypertonic (0.5 M NaCl) solutions. Imaging and mechanical testing showed that bacteria are highly resilient to deformation and can withstand repetitive indentations in the range of 500 pN. Analysis of force spectra revealed that although there are differences in the mechanical response

• membrane tension and rigidity are two intertwined physical parameters with a dynamic behavior dictated by the internal turgor pressure of the bacteria during swelling or plasmolysis. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of their mechanical response due to changes in external conditions or exposure to

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• ] describe neuromorphic elements based on superconducting interferometers that emulate the signal response of biological neurons in various real-world scenarios. In [1][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], adiabatic neuromorphic interferometers were presented, whose energy consumption can be reduced to the

• Gauss Neuron and Results (C)). The black dashed line shows the secondary solution that does not provide a bell-shaped response. Transfer function of the Gauss neuron according to Equation 26–Equation 28 at different values of the Josephson asymmetry parameter tanα = IcA/IcB for tanα ≥ 1 (panel a) and

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• stimulate electrically excitable cells without requiring an external power source, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications such as treating cardiac arrhythmias and promoting bone regeneration [17][18]. Mechanical stimulation, notably ultrasound (US), can induce a piezoelectric response in

• amplitude and PRFM phase images of hBNs. The amplitude image presents the strength of hBNs piezoelectric response, which was recorded as 2 mV. This acquired amplitude response measures the effective piezoelectric coefficient, which can be correlated with the polarization magnitude. The observed PRFM

• amplitude contrast showed that grains have different piezo responses. According to the applied electric field, bright areas correspond to regions with active piezoelectric response, while dark regions indicate piezoelectric activities in the opposite direction of the applied electric field on the surface

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• , largely due to the slow thermodynamic equilibrium. In response, Li and colleagues published a research paper entitled “Nanoarchitectonics on Electrosynthesis and Assembly of Conjugated Metallopolymers." In this method, they achieved nanoarchitectonics of end-on conjugated metallopolymers through surface

• on/off response of the fabricated structures is length-dependent. For example, the switching current under light illumination increases with increasing molecular length and monolayer thickness. Furthermore, the technique has the potential to be automated, which would facilitate its use as an assembly

• display optical changes in response to mechanical stress, is expected to have a substantial influence across multiple fields. Mechanical forces applied to materials can be visualized using these tools, and they can also be employed to aid in detecting damage, thus preventing significant harm to materials

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• healthy HuDe cells, a primary dermal human cell line, and on tumor MCF7 cells, a breast adenocarcinoma cell line, by MTS assay. Dose-response experiments were performed. Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of 1 (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 3.1, and 6.2 μM) for 24 h. As shown in Figure 2A,B, no

• amperometric detection with a World Precision Instrument, ISO-NO meter, equipped with a data acquisition system, and based on direct amperometric detection of NO with a short response time (<5 s) and sensitivity range from 1 nM to 20 mM. The analog signal was digitalized with a four-channel recording system

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• laser-excited NPs. While the TAS technique provides insight into the electronic properties of the NPs, it is, however, unable to reveal the response of the surrounding liquid to the excitation. To this end, the time-resolved scattering techniques based on X-rays and electrons are more appropriate

• within a liquid environment. Potential applications of UED include investigating the non-thermal heating of water molecules surrounding NPs, which occurs on femtosecond to picosecond timescales, as well as examining the response of the water environment to heat transfer and the mechanical work performed

• understanding of the optical response of the SPR helped to clarify specifics of electron dynamics and coupling to the phonons and close boundaries. Valleé and Del Fatti et al. [117][118] and others [119][120] addressed size effects of electron dynamics as well structural relaxations by these model systems

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• SPM techniques, the time constant is sufficiently large to allow a morphodynamic response. Morphodynamic effects are particularly pronounced at the edges of mitochondria. When a mitochondrion adopts a more spherical shape through morphodynamic activity, the maximum apparent height increases slightly

• morphodynamic response of mitochondria. Figure 5c illustrates the correlation between the measured TEV and the time elapsed since sample preparation tP. The time elapsed since sample preparation begins after the thawing of the isolated mitochondria. The observed time dependence of TEV(tP) (blue markers) follows

• , with response times of the order of seconds or less [6][41][50]. The binding process between microtubules and mitochondria is well known [40][41]. The precise mechanism by which mitochondria and microtubules locate each other remains unclear, but their interaction is too directional to be coincidental

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• foremost tip atom may rearrange to minimize the tip surface energy in response to increasing tip–sample interaction forces. Here, we perform an experimental investigation of tip changes during NC-AFM imaging of a CaF2(111) surface with non-functionalized tips at both room temperature (RT) and low

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• activity, which can then optimize the capacitive response. Supporting Information File 1, section S1 contains the details of the electrochemical characterization techniques. Figure 5a depicts the CV plot of PG-CDs-AgNPs electrode at various scan rates (5–200 mV/s). It is evident through the PG-CDs-AgNPs CV

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• response to a rise in ion fluence. The ion implantation-induced lattice disorder and lattice damage as functions of the ion fluence were studied in terms of displacement produced per atom in the host lattice calculated using TRIM simulations [19] and were correlated with changes in Urbach energy. The films

• with an increase in ion fluence, which is coherent with a decrease in particle size. This depicts the effect of the surface morphology on the optical response of implanted films [44]. The intensity of these absorption peaks rises with the increase in ion fluence, which points towards an increase in

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• long-term electrochemical stability of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode via three methods, that is, chronopotentiometry, CV, and chronoamperometry. The potential–time response revealed that approximately 91% of the initial voltage is retained after 12 h of continuous hydrogen production at a cathodic current

• /NiO/SS-20 electrodes at an overpotential of 200 mV. (c) Potential–time response of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode measured over a period of 12 h. Inset: Polarization curves recorded initially and after 2000 CV cycles of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode. (d) Chronoamperometric curve of Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ablation in liquid; rare-earth free; Introduction Magnetic phase transitions are characterized by changes in the material’s magnetic properties in response to varying conditions such as applied magnetic or electric fields, temperature, and/or pressure. In particular, the magnetic phase transition at the

• Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2, a giant magnetocaloric response with a ΔS of −20.4 J·kg−1·K−1 at 317 K in a 5 T field can be achieved compared to Ni57.2Mn15.9Ga27.0 where a ΔS of just −2 J·kg−1·K−1 at 310 K was witnessed. Within the myriad of material systems exhibiting magnetic transitions, compositionally complex alloys (CCAs

• , regardless of the target preparation technique. Additionally Gatsa et al. [49] provide a realistic perspective that the CCA NPs production using a multibeam PLAL approach can be scaled up to ca. 3 g·h−1. The CCA NPs produced by PLAL have shown a promising response as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• number of benefits, including small size, light weight, affordable price, low power consumption, high photoresponsivity, quick response, and most importantly, it independently operates without an external power supply and relies on the built-in potential, which helps to save energy [33]. Moreover, self

• LEDs were 465, 520, 590, and 620 nm for blue, green, yellow, and red LEDs, respectively. In the self-powered mode, spikes and overshoots can be seen in the transient photocurrent response of FIPA+IPA A350 film (Figure 11b and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6b), which are typically interpreted

• as indicators of surface recombination. Peter et al. have explained this mechanism in semiconductor photoanodes [63]. When light is turned on, an immediate photocurrent appears due to the rapid separation of electron–hole pairs in the space charge region. This initial response is followed by a decay

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• Biosciences). Cell mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was analyzed with FACS Diva software. ApoE dose response LNP uptake A day before the experiment, HMEC-1 were seeded in a gelatin coated 48-well plate (5 × 104 cells/well) and allowed to adhere overnight. The next day, serum-free medium was supplemented with

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• -based multicomponent adsorbent material (PGC) synthesized from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and investigated factors influencing its TC adsorption capacity. The synthesis process was optimized using parameters derived from the response surface methodology. The surface and structural properties of PGC

• effective adsorbent for the removal of average 70% TC antibiotic residues, particularly oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, TC, and doxycycline. Keywords: adsorption; aquaculture water; removal efficiency; response surface methodology; tetracycline antibiotic; Introduction The aquaculture industry plays a

• ) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); and cationized with Ca2+ and Zn2+ for the removal of TC from aquaculture effluents. Our approach involves optimizing the material’s synthesis using the response surface methodology, and a wide range of characterization methods was performed to assess the surface

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• spectroscopy can provide an elemental, chemical, and electronic mapping of sample surfaces in the pristine form or after/during their response to external stimuli such as temperature changes, electric and magnetic fields, and light and gas exposure. In the first example chemical heterogeneous layered

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• for static KPFM, which allows us to evaluate the response of our cells under both applied voltages and under illumination. Kelvin probe force microscopy characterization with an applied voltage When charges get generated, they drift to the sides of the device to externally recombine, or in the case of

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• . The cellular response on different graphene surfaces was previously studied, and it was demonstrated that substrate characteristics such as surface roughness, surface chemistry, and electronic properties can influence cell response [38]. The implications of these results are particularly significant