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Search for "response" in Full Text gives 901 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37
- . Constant-height scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of dI/dV was performed by sinusoidally modulating (5 mVrms, 725 Hz) the dc bias voltage and measuring the first harmonic of the ac current response of the tunneling junction with a lock-in amplifier. For AFM data acquisition, resonance frequency changes
Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36
- is a complex biological process occurring in response to harmful stimuli causing injury to healthy tissue. Oxidative stress resulting from a high level of ROS is one of the key contributors to inflammation [92][93]. Therefore, balancing the ROS level via antioxidant supplementation is a promising
- capability to degrade reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are rare. In response, Miao et al. synthesized polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall rhodium nanodots (Rh-PEG NDs) for scavenging both ROS and RNS in order to decrease inflammation [106]. Rh-PEG NDs exhibited O2•–, HO•, NO•, ONOO–, and H2O2 scavenging
- is not an ideal method because it can be painful. In response, antioxidant nanomaterials coupled with hydrogels provide a promising method to topically deliver antioxidant nanomaterials into the body [154][155]. Nanoantioxidants (such as fullerene, cerium, gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles) and
On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34
- , and graphene is already in use as a transparent and flexible conductor. However, graphene intrinsically lacks a strong response, and only by engineering defects, such as grain boundaries, one can induce piezoresistivity. Nanocrystalline graphene (NCG), a derivative form of graphene, exhibits a high
Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30
- therapeutic response, were detected [22]. This finding led to the assumption that in adults the BNZ treatment could be overdosed. Unlike adults, children show few ADRs; therefore, the existence of a potential direct correlation between drug concentration and the incidence of ADRs was suggested. Data from
Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27
- task. By making robust predictions based on molecular features, we can estimate the external set accurately. In this study, we used the Prediction Reliability Indicator tool [35] (http://teqip.jdvu.ac.in/QSAR_Tools/) to predict the response of a true external set comprising 49 MeOx NPs. The tool
- categorizes the prediction quality as good, moderate, or bad, based on certain scoring rules. To assess the predictive power of the developed QSPR models, we used the QSPR model (model 1 with zeta potential endpoint) to predict the response of the external set. Figure 1 shows the overall workflow of the
- performed considering the zeta potential as the Y-response (model 1). Model 1 was developed with basic periodic table-based descriptors. The different validation metrics showed the models to be robust and of good predictivity. Furthermore, toxicity-based modeling (model 2) was conducted to illustrate the
Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25
- substrate via sputter deposition. The metal thin film is then pre-stretched to generate microcracks. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable stretchability of 300%, an exceptional sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor reaching 107, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding
- gauge factor of 107, a broad strain range of 300%, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding durability. (The GF serves as a means to assess the sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors; it is defined as the ratio of the relative change in resistance to the applied mechanical
- remain relatively constant. Strain response of the sensor As depicted in Figure 2a, the resistance of the metal film on the helical surface of the PDMS substrate undergoes a relative change (ΔR/R0) upon stretching, where ΔR and R0 represent the initial resistance and the transient resistance
Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24
- , magnetic response, and controlled drug release with photothermal effect brings a different perspective to advanced cancer treatment research. Keywords: drug efficacy; iron oxide nanoparticles; photothermal; solvothermal method; Introduction Cancer is a widespread condition characterized by the
Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23
- -beam lithography and reactive-ion etching. We simulate the electromagnetic response of the meandering nanowire inductors using Sonnet, a quasi-3D electromagnetic simulator [32], which has the feature of including sheet kinetic inductance Lk,□. We begin by simulating the meandering inductor itself to
- the measured magnitude and phase response of two nominally identical devices, both with nanowire width w = 200 nm, where one device has the shunt inductance and the other does not. For a shunt with inductance Ls = 195 pH, we increase Qext by a factor of roughly twenty at the cost of a slight reduction
- simulation and experiment. Electrical mode From the measured normal-state resistance of our nanowires and the measured thickness and width, we find a sheet resistance R□ = 243 Ω/□, corresponding to a resistivity of ρn = 365 μΩ cm. We monitor the microwave response during cool-down and estimate a critical
Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20
- origami but also their transformation upon irradiation. FIB processing Inspired by the shape preservation of DNA origami nanostructures under ion beam irradiation, we explored the damage response under a conventional focused ion beam typically used in lithography. Lines of about ∼140 nm in width ∼40 nm in
- interfaces. While we demonstrate here that the trimming of individual DNA nanostructures within the lattice is possible, the collective response of the lattice and defect formation as a response to ion impact represents an interesting direction for future studies. The processes leading to height modification
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14
- were applied to gold foils. A system equipped with a Solartron 1260A frequency response analyzer, a Solartron 1296A dielectric interface, and a supervisory computer was prepared to determine the impedance parameters of the obtained structures. The impedance characteristics of the obtained samples were
Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13
- File 1, Figure S1A). In order to investigate the frequency response of the feedback controller, we define the closed-loop transfer function between error, E(s), and disturbance, D(s), in the Laplace domain as in Equation 2, where Tort, Tdelay, Ki denote the ORT period, the delay, and the integral gain
- the Z piezo response determines the closed-loop delay. Therefore, the maximum achievable integral gain and disturbance rejection are often limited by the mechanical properties of the Z actuator [32]. In ORT mode, however, the tip and the sample are in contact for a finite time window only. The
- traditional ORT one, we measured the frequency response of error over disturbance in a unity feedback closed loop (see Supporting Information File 1, Section 2 for the illustration of the experimental setup). Experimental results shown in Figure 2D demonstrate that the pulse sampling method rejects the
Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11
- .) [17]. Similarly, a concentration of 10 mg/L of ZnO NPs elicited a positive response on the root elongation of Zea mays (corn). However, at a higher concentration of 1000 mg/L, there was an inhibitory effect on the root elongation of both corn and Cucumis sativus (cucumber) seeds, suggesting toxicity
Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10
- determining the effect on the immune response in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are an important tool for evaluating the safety of NEs. HaCaT cells are a widely used human keratinocyte cell line that exhibits several characteristics of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, making them an excellent model
- immune response with mammals. Furthermore, G. mellonella larvae have been successfully used to evaluate the acute toxicity of various nanoparticles and drugs [23]. The immune response of G. mellonella larvae can be evaluated by monitoring their survival rate and melanization response [24]. The aim of the
- , melanization, or loss of mobility, in response to the treatment. Death was considered when there was no physical reaction after stimulation. The samples were tested at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, with controls including trauma control (puncture only, TC), death control (100% methanol, DC
New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9
- modifications to increase its solubility [7]. Due to its low cost, simplicity, fast response, and the lack of expensive equipment required, the peroxidase-like activity has garnered significant attention in the detection of harmful microorganisms. The naked eye can easily observe the blue hue resulting from the
- addition of TMB and H2O2 to the paper-chip containing the aptasensor and E. coli. Due to the increase in aptamer–bacteria interaction based on paper-chip pores, this paper-based biosensor was not time-dependent and showed a fast color-change response in the absence or presence of specific target (Figure 4
- ). The intensity of the blue color, calculated with the ImageJ software, shows a desirable linear correlation with the logarithm of E. coli concentration, as shown in Figure 4. In the equations, ''y'' was the intensity of the response value and ''x'' is the log concentration of E. coli. The color was
Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4
- limitations of the drugs used, such as (i) high levels of toxicity and prolonged treatment time, which leads patients to discontinue treatment, (ii) high cost of treatment and parasite resistance to drugs, which is a major issue and occurs as a result of genetic mutations that reduce the response of the
- 120.4 ± 7.7 nm and displayed a good stability profile over 73 days. The in vivo studies demonstrated that after two weeks of treatment, BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis showed a decrease in paw lesions (about two-fold) in response to microemulsion, compared to the untreated group. Additionally
- : 190.3 ± 3.19 and IC50 value of the curc-free: 243.56 ± 2.89 μg/mL) corroborating the improvements in the leishmanicidal response after entrapment of curc in the nanostructure. This biological performance was also observed in artemether-NLC against L.infantum. Nanostructured lipid carriers conferred an
Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3
- response of the two frequency channels of the receiving matrix were carried out. During the simulations, the antenna array was irradiated with the fundamental mode H11 of a round waveguide port with a diameter equal to the diameter of the opening of a back-to-back horn directed towards the receiving array
- single SIN tunnel junction. The frequency response of the receiving matrix channel was calculated by summing up the power absorbed in each active resistance of the receiving element. In the course of the work, the frequency response of the dipole antenna matrix with integrated CEBs was optimized by means
- of the antenna array is 340 µm in both directions for 210 and 240 GHz channels. The frequency response of the two-frequency receiving matrix with a Si substrate thickness of 260 µm is shown in Figure 2 (solid curves). To compare the calculated response with the experimental results, we also added
Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2
- , gut, or bladder, depending on the species, where they elicit a marked immune response. The adult Schistosoma mansoni worms mate in the liver and lay eggs in the mesenteric venules of the intestine [4]. Nowadays, the only treatment available for this disease consists of praziquantel (PZQ) [5
- mechanism by which the nanoemulsion could reduce the worm burden is its antimicrobial activity, connecting changes in microbiota with the response to parasites. However, the mechanism of action of carvacrol remains unknown [67]. Repositioned drugs Works utilizing compounds repositioned from other diseases
Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93
- addition, the removal of sericin, which requires a degumming process, is a prerequisite for using silk cocoons in biomedical applications to reduce the risk of an inflammatory response [18]. However, this degumming process can lead to damage to the silk structure, increase the polydispersity of the silk
A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92
- transfer characteristic should be such that small fluctuations at the input do not produce a noticeable response, but above a certain threshold, any signal at the input produces a fixed magnetic flux at the output. Also, if it were possible to adapt the ASL cell in a perceptron to process the signal from a
Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88
- ]). Each of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Intensity-modulated KPFM implementation is straightforward, since it simply consists in analysing the frequency response of the time-average CPD under modulated illumination. Nevertheless, it is prone to capacitive artefacts [15]. Accurate
- (SPV decay time constant) images can be mapped by appropriately fitting the amplitude spectrum. As with AM-heterodyne KPFM, there is a frequency mixing effect due to the capacitance term, and we restrict ourselves to the first harmonic to describe the time response of the capacitance gradient (K1
Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87
- mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with vertical atomic resolution in real-time. This technique offers the opportunity to measure concurrently the optoelectronic and mechanical response of the device at the nanoscale. Furthermore, time-dependent atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to
A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84
- , increasing the visible-light intensity promotes more excited electrons in the conduction band (CB) of CuO NPs. These electrons transfer to the CB of ZnO NRs and increase the photocurrent collected by the Ag electrodes. Response time and recovery are essential when evaluating a photodetector’s performance
- . The response time is defined as the time to approach 63% of the maximum recorded photocurrent, while the recovery time is the time to decay to 37% of the highest value of the photodetector [46]. Under the 395 nm light illumination, response time and recovery time are estimated at about 21.38 s and
- visible region. It can be seen in Table 1 that previous papers about CuO/ZnO-based photodetectors mainly investigated the response in the UV light range and did not demonstrate the sensitivity of the devices to visible light. In this work, we show the performance of our device under exposure to visible
Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83
- the context of these experiments. The mean provides an overall average mechanical response, but it is more sensitive to impacts of individual scans than the mode, which tells us the ET value measured most frequently in different areas. For example, in the overall ET distribution in Technora® (Figure
- ][21]. We have implicitly focused on Kevlar® cores, but when full Kevlar® fibers are subjected to transverse compression, we would expect a mixed mechanical response based on both core and skin stiffness. Thus, our broad distributions in nanoscale Kevlar® values and this clear distinction between nano
- pixels, ca. 10 nm/pixel), depending on whether the map was intended to characterize fiber nanostructure or microstructure. To clarify, both transverse stiffness and transverse elastic modulus maps obtained with AFM provide information about the local mechanical response of the material. Transverse
Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82
- change [20][21]. Generally, photothermal nanomaterials are being used in cancer therapy, removal of bacterial biofilms, and sensing applications [22][23][24]. Photothermal nanomaterials produce heat in response to the irradiation of photons at a particular wavelength [23]. Similarly, when plasmonic
- result revealed that 100 nm GNPs had a better colorimetric and photothermal response than the smaller GNPs (Figure 7C). This increase in photothermal efficiency is attributed to the increased cross-sectional area of each particle. However, a further increase in the size of GNPs reduced the flow of
Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO2 with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77
- the response and the predictor as well as solve regression problems. Additionally, such methods overcome problems with weak predictors and can be used to reduce the overfitting of the training data by averaging and incorporating multiple models. Ensemble learning is established with multiple
- sorted response-based approach using the in-house dataset division tool (https://dtclab.webs.com/software-tools). In this study, the size ratio was set at 3:1 (training set/test set) for dataset division. In almost any ML algorithm, different models are trained for a dataset and the best-performing model
- tool for the characterization of interpolation spaces based on the modeled descriptors and response functions. The applicability domain developed here is based on the features of some specific heavy metal salts, that is, CdCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2, CuSO4, NiCl2, Pb(NO3)2, and SbCl3. The developed model
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