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Search for "spatial distribution" in Full Text gives 107 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

  • Marian Nowak,
  • Marcin Jesionek,
  • Barbara Solecka,
  • Piotr Szperlich,
  • Piotr Duka and
  • Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

Graphical Abstract
  • , on the magnetic field as well as on the intensity and spatial distribution of illumination. The theoretical predictions agree with the results of the contactless investigations performed on non-suspended single-layer graphene. We use the contactless PME method for determining the dependence of
  • illumination was determined using a Rigol Technologies DS1202CA oscilloscope. The spatial distribution of illumination (Figure 4b,c) was controlled using a beam diagnostics digital CCD camera LaserCam-HR II and BeamView version 4.8.1 software (Coherent). From this measurement, an effective diameter of 52 μm
  • (86.5%) of the illumination beam was determined. The Gaussian fit (86.5%) coefficient of the spatial distribution of the light beam intensity was 0.988 (Figure 4b,c). The VPME voltage induced in the measuring coil was registered using an EG&G 5110 lock-in amplifier whose internal generator controlled
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Published 25 Oct 2018

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

  • Anna Gapska,
  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Paweł Syty,
  • Wojciech Sadowski,
  • Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

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  • 200–1100 nm. Simulations of electromagnetic field propagation through the produced samples were performed using FDTD calculations [7][8]. The method allows one to find the spatial distribution of all components of electromagnetic field propagating through the investigated system, at selected time
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Published 28 Sep 2018

Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas

  • Shuiyan Cao,
  • Eric Le Moal,
  • Quanbo Jiang,
  • Aurélien Drezet,
  • Serge Huant,
  • Jean-Paul Hugonin,
  • Gérald Dujardin and
  • Elizabeth Boer-Duchemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2361–2371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221

Graphical Abstract
  • emitted upward than downward. Figure 8 shows that the flux of the Poynting vector integrated over the lower half space represents only 10–25% of the total radiation (i.e., integrated over 4π sr). Field distribution in the slit Finally, we calculate the theoretical spatial distribution of the square
  • in the slit. (a–f) Spatial distribution of the square modulus of the total electric field |E|2 = |Ex|2 + |Ey|2 + |Ez|2 and of its components |Ex|2 and |Ey|2 along the x- and y-axes, as calculated inside the slit of structures 1 (circular) and 7 (elliptical, see Table 1). The excitation is modeled as
  • beams on the air side, since the speed of photons in air, and of SPPs on an air–gold interface are similar. In contrast, the light beam emitted in glass must have an elliptical section. This is not directly visible in the Fourier-space images since they reveal the angular, and not the spatial
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Published 03 Sep 2018

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

  • Lukáš Ondič,
  • Marian Varga,
  • Ivan Pelant,
  • Alexander Kromka,
  • Karel Hruška and
  • Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

Graphical Abstract
  • × 1017cm−2 was used in order to reach the desired refractive index value. The SiNC-rich layers were ca. 800 nm thick and exhibited an asymmetric Gaussian spatial distribution of SiNCs. The final values of the refractive index within the structure were extracted from the transmission measurement by
  • carefully fitting the Fabry–Perot resonances in the transmission spectra. The distribution of refractive index naturally follows the spatial distribution of SiNCs and therefore it can be approximated by an asymmetric Gaussian function. The spatial profile of the refractive index is schematically depicted by
  • the red line in Figure 1a. It peaks at around 600 nm below the surface with a value of 1.51, which perfectly fulfills the requirement imposed by the simulation. We would like to note that the spatial distribution of the refractive index has already been included in the simulation discussed above. The
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Published 24 Aug 2018

High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

  • Kahraman Keskinbora,
  • Umut Tunca Sanli,
  • Margarita Baluktsian,
  • Corinne Grévent,
  • Markus Weigand and
  • Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

Graphical Abstract
  • . Figure 2b and Figure 2c show some hard Au grains remained relatively unharmed by the ion beam due to the strong dependence of the ion beam damage on the crystal orientation concerning anisotropic sputter yield and channeling effects [42]. These grains have a random spatial distribution, which renders
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Published 25 Jul 2018

Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials

  • Daniela Dragoman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174

Graphical Abstract
  • boundary conditions by patterned electrodes and/or gate electrodes, such as encountered in 2DEG electron-optics experiments (see [18] for a review). Alternatively, nonintentional potential inhomogeneities within the sample can influence the spatial distribution of the wave function. On the other hand
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Published 19 Jun 2018

Disorder-induced suppression of the zero-bias conductance peak splitting in topological superconducting nanowires

  • Jun-Tong Ren,
  • Hai-Feng Lü,
  • Sha-Sha Ke,
  • Yong Guo and
  • Huai-Wu Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1358–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.128

Graphical Abstract
  • (right panels) are separately considered. Other parameters are taken as t0 = 12.0 meV, Δ0 = 0.9 meV, μ0 = 2.0 meV, α = 2.4 meV, and ΓL = ΓR = 0.3 meV. The MBSs appears at the wire ends for VZ > VZC. The spatial distribution of probability density |Ψ|2 (solid lines) and their fitted envelopes (dashed
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Published 04 May 2018

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

  • María Francisca Matus,
  • Martín Ludueña,
  • Cristian Vilos,
  • Iván Palomo and
  • Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

Graphical Abstract
  • determine the spatial distribution of cilostazol in polymeric NPs and to explore its potential use in this kind of drug delivery system. Experimental Characterization of copolymer structures by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations The poly(lactic acid) core PLA polymer chains were built in three
  • molecules, the radius of gyration values were reduced from 62.7 to 20.5, 64.4 to 23.9 and 64.7 to 21.6 Å, respectively. The different spatial distribution of NPs at the start and at the end of simulation demonstrates the DSPE–PEG-coated process. The initial stretched DSPE–PEG chains were folded around the
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Published 02 May 2018

Perovskite-structured CaTiO3 coupled with g-C3N4 as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Christian Schuerings,
  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Ajay Kumar and
  • Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

Graphical Abstract
  • -twin microscope operating at 200 kV (accelerating voltage). Elemental mapping was also carried out by using the same instrument in order to study the presence and spatial distribution of expected elements in all prepared samples. The light harvesting ability of the resultant samples as a dry-pressed
  • also carried out in order to study the presence and spatial distribution of expected elements and corresponding maps are provided in Figure S2, S3 and S4, Supporting Information File 1, respectively. The mapping results show the uniform distribution and co-existence of expected elements in the selected
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Published 21 Feb 2018

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

  • Doina Manaila Maximean,
  • Viorel Cîrcu and
  • Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

Graphical Abstract
  • imposed on the CNTs in such a way that the alignment axis of the CNTs is driven by the LC reorientation controlled by an electric field [37]. The concentration and the spatial distribution of charges in the LC matrix will be affected by the presence of CNTs and, hence, the conductivity will be changed [38
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Published 16 Jan 2018

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

  • Daniel Göhler,
  • Stephan Große,
  • Alexander Bellendorf,
  • Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
  • Mehdi Ouaissi,
  • Jürgen Zieren,
  • Michael Stintz and
  • Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

Graphical Abstract
  • -LAU = 3.32·109 #/s was determined for HINAT-LAU, which was 25 times higher than that of nt,CPC,PIPAC-MIP = 1.35·108 #/s as determined for PIPAC-MIP. Spatial distribution of drug deposition Peritoneal drug deposition efficiency for drug dose determination In contrast to conventional PIPAC, the
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Published 18 Dec 2017

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

  • Somi Kang,
  • Sean E. Lehman,
  • Matthew V. Schulmerich,
  • An-Phong Le,
  • Tae-woo Lee,
  • Stephen K. Gray,
  • Rohit Bhargava and
  • Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

Graphical Abstract
  • material. Here we examine a bilayer/multi-metallic Ag/Au plasmonic crystal (PC) motif that is characterized by higher analytical sensitivity and more strongly enhanced electric fields than our previously reported monometallic PC systems. Manipulating the composition of the thin metal films, their spatial
  • distribution, and the design rules of the PC optical elements (in terms of the lattice parameter and the size of the features of the nanoholes) is found to be an effective approach to optimizing the response in multispectral and SERS-based sensing. To illustrate the properties of these devices, the optical
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Published 24 Nov 2017

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

  • Alexa Schmitz,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Vesko Ilievski,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Laura Burk,
  • Rolf Mülhaupt,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Bernd Smarsly and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

Graphical Abstract
  • Fe0 to Fe2+ (at a potential lower than 3.5 V) and Fe2+ to Fe3+ (at a potential higher than 3.5 V) [88]. The large voltage hysteresis between discharging and charging process can be attributed to sluggish process kinetics, including, for example, phase evolution and the spatial distribution of
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Published 22 Nov 2017

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

  • Ragesh Kumar T P,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Krishna K Damodaran,
  • Oddur Ingólfsson and
  • Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

Graphical Abstract
  • electrons [3]. On a flat surface the spatial distribution of these secondary electrons will be defined by the angular distribution of the back-scattered primary electrons [5][6][7]. During the growth of structures with aspect ratios greater than zero, however, the forward component will also play a role
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Published 10 Nov 2017

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

  • Iakov A. Lyashenko,
  • Vadym N. Borysiuk and
  • Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

Graphical Abstract
  • the friction force, elastic stress and order parameter, while the frequency of phase transitions increases due to the presence of the spring. It is worth mentioning that the spatial distribution of elastic stress considered in the presented study will always occur in tribological systems with
  • , γ = 10 (Pa·s)−1, a0 = 2·10−5 m, G* = 109 Pa, K = 500 N/m, m = 0.1 kg, V0 = 1 m/s. (b) Spatial distribution of the order parameter φ(r) in the moment of time t = 1.3 ms, related to final point of the dependence shown in Figure 2a. (c) Time dependence of the mean values of the order parameter <φ
  • > (solid line) and elastic strain <εel> (dashed line). (d) Spatial distribution of the elastic strain εel(r) at t = 1.3 ms. (a) Time dependence of the order parameter φ(t), calculated using the same parameters as in Figure 2 and corresponding to the melting process (arrow 1) before the first dashed line
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Published 08 Sep 2017

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

  • Subrata Ghosh,
  • Shyamal R. Polaki,
  • Niranjan Kumar,
  • Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
  • Mohamed Kamruddin and
  • Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

Graphical Abstract
  • rate and larger crystallite sizes. Case III: Effect of microwave power Figure 7a–f shows the spatial distribution of vertical sheets as obtained by FESEM. Figure 7g is the plot of the growth rate and intersheet spacing as a function of the MW power. These observations suggest that the growth rates and
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Published 10 Aug 2017

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

  • Sebastian Koslowski,
  • Daniel Rosenblatt,
  • Alexander Kabakchiev,
  • Klaus Kuhnke,
  • Klaus Kern and
  • Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

Graphical Abstract
  • statistical evaluations of the measured molecules. Spatial imaging at the energies of the orbitals observed in STS yields the spatial distribution of the frontier orbitals of pentacene [2][3][4]. For +1.2 V, two prominent lobes connected by a series of dimmer lobes are observed (Figure 3a). This structure can
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Published 06 Jul 2017

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

  • Mario D’Acunto,
  • Francesco Fuso,
  • Ruggero Micheletto,
  • Makoto Naruse,
  • Francesco Tantussi and
  • Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

Graphical Abstract
  • accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of large field enhancements requires an accurate knowledge of the nanostructure morphology. This is particularly true for the spatial distribution of a random pattern composed of a texture of hills and valleys. Rippled surfaces represent a special case of
  • wavelength λ = 785 nm under p-polarization conditions. Figure 2B and Figure 2D ultimately represent the distribution of the hot spots. Both reconstructed surfaces have a 2.5 × 2.5 μm area. Due to the highly localized nature of the hot spots, this area is representative of their spatial distribution. In the
  • −γ > 0, the amplitude of field increases with time. In addition, the plasmon enhancement can be amplified if they are in-phase at a nanogap (hot spots), while the subsequent nanogaps could be out-of-phase, showing a type of dark spot. The spatial distribution of a hot spot surrounded by dark spots is
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Published 28 Apr 2017

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

  • Hanaul Noh,
  • Alfredo J. Diaz and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

Graphical Abstract
  • consider their spatial distribution. In real BHJ devices, both the macroscopic morphology and the microscopic conformation of donors and acceptors have a very strong influence on the overall mobility of charge carriers. Therefore, overlapping of HOMO and LUMO and charge hopping between molecules need to be
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Published 08 Mar 2017

Multimodal cantilevers with novel piezoelectric layer topology for sensitivity enhancement

  • Steven Ian Moore,
  • Michael G. Ruppert and
  • Yuen Kuan Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 358–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.38

Graphical Abstract
  • given mode with respect to the spatial distribution of the strain. On a prototype cantilever design, significant increases in actuator and sensor sensitivities were achieved for the first four modes without any substantial increase in sensor noise. The transduction mechanism is specifically targeted at
  • deflection mode shapes. Here, the overall deflection is the linear combination of mode shapes which have a fixed spatial distribution. Moreover, there exists a linear mapping from the deflection of the structure to the charge developed on the piezoelectric layer and hence the charge response is related to
  • the spatial distribution of each mode shape. If the mode shapes are orthogonal, an analytical approach can be used to shape the piezoelectric layer. Otherwise optimization is used to shape the piezoelectric layer to minimize response to the undesired modes. This work formulates the design of the
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Published 06 Feb 2017

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO2/Fe2O3

  • Andreea Laura Chibac,
  • Tinca Buruiana,
  • Violeta Melinte and
  • Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

Graphical Abstract
  • ) of all hybrid nanocomposites containing TiO2 NPs and also to investigate the spatial distribution of the elements through the X-ray elemental mapping images. In the EDX patterns (Figure 3), the Ti, Si and Fe signals confirmed the existence of inorganic nanoparticles, while the organic matrix is
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Published 27 Jan 2017

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

  • Felix Pyatkov,
  • Svetlana Khasminskaya,
  • Vadim Kovalyuk,
  • Frank Hennrich,
  • Manfred M. Kappes,
  • Gregory N. Goltsman,
  • Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
  • Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

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  • Acton SpectraPro 2360 spectrometer. The latter consists of a switchable mirror and grating, and is equipped with a PIXIS 256E CCD camera (Princeton Instruments) [15]. The spectrum of the light, emitted at the position of the CNT, is shown in Figure 1b, while the spatial distribution of the emission is
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Published 05 Jan 2017

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

  • Shigeaki Kobayashi,
  • Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
  • Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

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  • mentioned. Figure 19 shows the experimental results on the electrical resistivity ρ as a function of the fractal dimension, associated with the spatial distribution of random boundaries as the primary scattering center of electrons in a polycrystal. Again it is evident that the electrical resistivity tends
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Published 25 Nov 2016

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

  • Alexandra M. Greiner,
  • Adria Sales,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Sarah A. Biela,
  • Dieter Kaufmann and
  • Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

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  • defined coating over longer time periods. Control of the spatial distribution and density of molecules is for many biological investigations an interesting option. Such patterning with adhesive molecules can be realized by several techniques. Commonly used are microcontact printing [53][155] dry lift-off
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Published 08 Nov 2016

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

  • Ionel Stavarache,
  • Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
  • Petronela Prepelita and
  • Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

Graphical Abstract
  • significant improvement of the spatial distribution of the Ge nanoparticles and by avoiding multi-step fabrication processes or Ge loss. The influence of the preparation conditions on structural, electrical and optical properties of the fabricated nanostructures was studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission
  • 500 °C: (a) corresponding SAED pattern; (b) close-up of a Ge-np within the SiO2 thin film; (c) spatial distribution of Ge-nps in the oxide matrix. Schematic of sample structure and electrical measurement. Current density versus voltage characteristics in dark (empty squares) or under integral light
  • transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations of the Ge:SiO2 thin films deposited on Si substrates at 500 °C are presented. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) (Figure 2a) and HRTEM (Figure 2b) demonstrate the <112> orientation of Ge-nps. The HRTEM image in Figure 2c shows the spatial
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Published 21 Oct 2016
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