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Search for "step" in Full Text gives 1459 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

  • Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

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  • system can have the chance to germinate and to make the first step in the colonisation of a new habitat. The presence of the mucilage envelope is not the only feature responsible for endozoochoric seeds dispersal. In case of frugivory (fruits dispersal by birds), the dispersed fruits possess some
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Published 13 Dec 2024

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

  • Akash Kumar,
  • Ridhima Chadha,
  • Abhishek Das,
  • Nandita Maiti and
  • Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

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  • degradation of P-NP by ʟ-car-AgNPs can be attributed to the unique optical and catalytic properties of AgNPs, which are enhanced by their high surface-to-volume ratio and plasmonic effects. The observed pseudo-first-order kinetics suggest that the rate-determining step involves the adsorption of P-NP onto the
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Published 06 Dec 2024

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

  • Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
  • Douglas Dourado,
  • Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
  • Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
  • Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
  • Severino Alves Junior,
  • Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
  • Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
  • Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

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  • , sulfated polysaccharides and other biomolecules. The latter include flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and saponins with hydroxy, carboxyl, and amino functional groups, which are effective agents in metal reduction and also provide a robust coating on the metallic nanoparticles in a single step [42
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Published 04 Dec 2024

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

  • Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
  • Arkaprava Banerjee,
  • Joyita Roy,
  • Kunal Roy,
  • Giannis Savvas,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
  • Mateusz Balicki,
  • Tomasz Puzyn,
  • Georgia Melagraki,
  • Iseult Lynch and
  • Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

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  • Kingdom NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus 10.3762/bjnano.15.121 Abstract A key step in building regulatory acceptance of alternative or non-animal test methods has long been the use of interlaboratory comparisons or round-robins (RRs), in which a common test material and standard operating
  • QSAR approaches. Each of these individual models has been rigorously tested and validated, adhering to the OECD principles to ensure their reliability and predictive accuracy, as described herein. The key innovation lies in the next step, that is, in the combination of these individually potent models
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Published 29 Nov 2024

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

  • Fabio Le Piane,
  • Mario Vozza,
  • Matteo Baldoni and
  • Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

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  • those concepts in order to link our scientific questions to the final results we need. Although still in the early development stages, MAMBO proved to be expressive enough to let us represent the knowledge related to computational workflows, using concepts defined in the ontology. This is a first step
  • towards a formal definition of each step of more complex research workflows and for enabling more powerful semantic technologies, where data and the metadata are all encoded using the semantic assets defined in the ontology. This approach leads to a more efficient data processing, as a result of the
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Published 27 Nov 2024

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

  • Iqra Rahat,
  • Pooja Yadav,
  • Aditi Singhal,
  • Mohammad Fareed,
  • Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
  • Mohammed Aslam,
  • Raju Balaji,
  • Sonali Patil-Shinde and
  • Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

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Published 22 Nov 2024

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

  • Aram Shirinyan and
  • Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

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  • , wherein a new surface-segregated phase grows in a layer-by-layer fashion, similar to epitaxial growth towards the inner region [47][48][49][50]. This type of growth is considered within the thermodynamic approach. The next step is to develop a corresponding thermodynamic model. When the new β phase
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Published 21 Nov 2024

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2

  • Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
  • Patrick M. Eckhert,
  • Atul Chaudhary,
  • Johnathon M. Johnson,
  • Jo-Chi Yu,
  • Lisa McElwee-White and
  • D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

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  • transfer from the incident ion to adsorbed precursor molecules. This precursor decomposition step is accompanied by a decrease in the oxidation state of the Pt(II) atoms and, in IBID, represents the elementary reaction step that converts the molecular precursor into an involatile PtX2 species. Upon further
  • spectra in Figure 2 and Figure 4 support the MS data that for each precursor/ion pair, complete CO desorption is the initial step in the reaction because the peaks in both the C 1s and O 1s regions are lost during the initial stages of ion irradiation and at comparable rates. Concurrent with the CO
  • correlated with the rate of CO loss (Figure 3). Collectively, these observations point towards an initial step that can be described by Equation 1: The preferential loss of CO is attributed to the stability of CO as a volatile species and the relatively lower Pt(II)–CO bond dissociation energy in the
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Published 19 Nov 2024

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

  • Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
  • Akif E. Türeli,
  • Nazende Günday-Türeli and
  • Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

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  • another widely used complex vector, polyplexes. They took the approach one step further and combined these polyplexes formed by a cationic polymer and anionic mRNA with a photosensitizer for photochemical internalization and subsequent enhancement in delivery to the cytoplasm. They showed that laser
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Published 12 Nov 2024

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

  • Ryan A. Faase,
  • Madeleine H. Hummel,
  • AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
  • Andrew P. Carpenter and
  • Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

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  • ][13], anodization [3][14], silane chemistry [18], and polymer multilayers [5][15]. While these methods are effective, there is often a requirement for a specific chemical environment, like a plasma processing step or the growth of an oxide layer. In this investigation, we aim to simplify the
  • fabrication of SLIPS by producing the required lubricant anchor layer through the polymerization of dopamine. This dopamine polymerization step is extremely simple and will form a “sticky” layer to almost any chemistry, thereby, providing a straightforward process to produce a SLIPS layer on almost any
  • , producing the foundation of a SLIPS material (Figure 1). In this work we propose and characterize a two-step process, forming a SLIPS layer via a sticky PDA film, to modify the surface of three different materials. To test this combination of PDA and SLIPS we used three distinct materials, cylic olefin
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Published 08 Nov 2024

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

  • Muhammed Taha Durmus and
  • Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

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  • , Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.15.110 Abstract In this study, we aimed to synthesize new carbon dot structures (CDs) in a single step by using the plant Rheum Ribes for the first time and to contribute to the studies in the field of diode fabrication by using the new CDs. The CDs were obtained by hydrothermal
  • switching speed and low forward voltage [14]. In this study, CDs were synthesized in a single step by hydrothermal synthesis using Rheum Ribes, a natural material, for the first time, and diodes were fabricated using the new CDs. To our knowledge, studies on diodes with CDs obtained from natural materials
  • supernatant was removed by decantation and a stock solution was prepared to be used in the studies. The prepared stock solution was stored at 4 °C to prevent contamination [15]. Schottky diode fabrication An n-type silicon substrate was used for Schottky diode fabrication. In the first step, the silicon
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Published 07 Nov 2024

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

  • Victoria Y. Safonova,
  • Anna V. Gordeeva,
  • Anton V. Blagodatkin,
  • Dmitry A. Pimanov,
  • Anton A. Yablokov and
  • Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

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  • would lead to an even larger increase of δE with volume. Conclusion Bridges made of bilayers of hafnium with a thin top layer of titanium were fabricated and measured. The formation of such bridges by a photolithographic lift-off process is the next step in the development of TES microcalorimeters after
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Published 06 Nov 2024

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

  • Vinicius Marques Lopez,
  • Carlo Polidori and
  • Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

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  • development of self-cleaning surfaces and materials resistant to biofouling in marine environments. Legs Adhesive pads: The adhesive organ in Hymenoptera consists of a flexible cuticle pad (i.e., arolium) situated between the pretarsal claws, capable of unfolding and retracting with each step [125] (Figure 6A
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Published 05 Nov 2024

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

  • Akash Kumar and
  • Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

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  • , respectively, to remove impurities. The supernatants were discarded and the pellets were dispersed in DD water and stored at room temperature. Tunable aspect ratio of gold nanorods capped with CTAB Gold nanorods of different lengths were synthesized using a two-step protocol as described in previous reports
  • with slight modifications [30]. Briefly, in the first step, gold seeds were prepared by mixing CTAB, HAuCl4·3H2O and NaBH4. The seed solution acts as an initiator for synthesizing gold nanorods. In the second step, the growth solution was prepared, consisting of CTAB, AgNO3, HAuCl4·3H2O, HCl, and
  • ascorbic acid. A typical synthesis involved the synthesis of CTAB-capped Au seeds of less than 4 nm. Addition to the growth solution in step 2 resulted in the formation of gold nanorods. The seeds were prepared using 200 µL of HAuCl4·3H2O (25 mM) with 2 mL of 0.1 M CTAB at 80 °C, followed by 800 µL freshly
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Published 04 Nov 2024

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

  • Romana Petry,
  • James M. de Almeida,
  • Francine Côa,
  • Felipe Crasto de Lima,
  • Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
  • Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

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  • and biological/environmental application. The properties of the materials in biological environments may differ significantly depending on the composition of the medium (e.g., aggregation state, surface charge, and dissolution) and determine their biological effects. Therefore, the initial step to
  • so-called NPT conditions, for a period of 4.00 ns, with a time step of 0.25 fs, starting from the system in equilibrium at 300 K. The initial system consisted of a representative GO flake obtained from [73], with dimensions of 42 × 20 Å and an oxidation level of 12.5%, and the TA free-energy-minimum
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Published 30 Oct 2024

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

  • Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
  • Crina Anastasescu,
  • Silviu Preda,
  • Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
  • Simona Petrescu,
  • Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
  • Dana Culita,
  • Veronica Bratan,
  • Ioan Balint and
  • Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

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  • step width of 0.02°. The phase identification was performed using the search/match algorithm connected to (ICDD PDF-2). Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET) at 77 K were recorded on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer (Norcross, GA, USA). The samples were degassed at 200 °C for 4 h under
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Published 28 Oct 2024

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

  • Bartosz Pruchnik,
  • Krzysztof Kwoka,
  • Ewelina Gacka,
  • Dominik Badura,
  • Piotr Kunicki,
  • Andrzej Sierakowski,
  • Paweł Janus,
  • Tomasz Piasecki and
  • Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

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  • different FIB parameters. An example of such a setup would be the cantilever described in [43]. On the base of the aligned opMEMS, a FEBID nanowire was deposited (Figure 7a) in a single-step process, where point-by-point deposition was performed along the pattern line using the following parameters: 5 keV
  • . The series in panel (c) shows consecutive steps of the alignment process, where each step is a new milling (red lines) and irradiation process (red field shows irradiated area) with a total dose of 500 nC/nm2. The scale bar in (c) is 10 μm long. Resistance measurements of a free-standing nanowire
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Published 23 Oct 2024

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO2NPs in complex biological fluids

  • Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
  • Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
  • Romênia Ramos Domingues,
  • Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
  • Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

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  • of pivotal relevance for obtaining more reliable results and open possibilities for developing NPs that are increasingly efficient and suitable for medical applications. Ensuring that a platform efficiently functions for in vitro assays is a crucial step in predicting in vivo effects. Our system
  • ), respectively. Scale bar: 500 nm. d) DLS and zeta potential results for SiO2NPs, SiO2NPs-ZW, SiO2NPs-ZW-NH2, and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO samples. e) Results obtained by the elemental analysis technique. Values in mg of nitrogen present in 1 g of sample for each step of the synthesis. f) High-resolution XPS spectrum (C 1s
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Published 07 Oct 2024

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

  • André F. Lima,
  • Giselle Z. Justo and
  • Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

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  • inorganic core, exemplified by the S–Au bond formed between cysteine-containing molecules and gold NPs [90][91][92]. Actively targeted AuNCs can also be prepared using bioactive peptides or proteins via a one-step biomineralization process, in which case the peptide or protein serves the purpose of both
  • biological processes are dynamically regulated [152][153]. Consequently, it becomes important to extend the characterization beyond binding affinity and include the examination of binding kinetics between targeted usNPs and their receptors [59]. For a simple one-step binding model, KD = koff/kon and tr = 1
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Published 30 Sep 2024

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

  • Annalena Wolff,
  • Nico Klingner,
  • William Thompson,
  • Yinghong Zhou,
  • Jinying Lin and
  • Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

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  • spot has been moved one DAC step further. For a system with 1 nm placement accuracy, the sample, if not cooled to room temperature before those 160 ps have elapsed, will be heated continuously at this location. As long as minimal dwell times cannot be shortened below 1 ns, there will be heat
  • analysis [31][32], the differential time step has been calculated to Δt ≤ Δx2/(8α) = 23 ps. A sample volume of 600 nm × 600 nm × 400 nm (depth) has been simulated with a voxel size of Δx = 5 nm and the boundary voxels, with exception of the sample surface, have been fixed to room temperature. This approach
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Published 27 Sep 2024

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

  • Ömür Acet,
  • Pavel Kirsanov,
  • Burcu Önal Acet,
  • Inessa Halets-Bui,
  • Dzmitry Shcharbin,
  • Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
  • Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

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  • step, the cytotoxicity of the DOX–nanopolymer complexes against the HeLa cancer cell line at different concentrations and incubation times was studied. The DOX release depended on temperature and pH value of the release medium, with the highest release at pH 6.0 and 41 °C. This effect was similar to
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Published 26 Sep 2024

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C60 fullerene derivatives

  • Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
  • Dora Iliana Medina,
  • Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
  • Marlene Bosquez,
  • Roberto Salcedo and
  • Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

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  • structure, as in the study of Muthiah and coworkers [45], was validated using PROCHECK [46] to check the quality of the protein structure. The PDB produced with the previous step was subsequently optimized by an energy minimization through Amber force fields using the USCF Chimera 1.14 toolkit [47]. The
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Published 19 Sep 2024

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge2Se2 and its application in photovoltaic devices

  • Anup Shrivastava,
  • Shivani Saini,
  • Dolly Kumari,
  • Sanjai Singh and
  • Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

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  • EC stands for conduction band and EV stands for valence band. FN and FP stand for quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes, respectively, at T = 300 K. Computational pathway to estimate the materials’ behavior and application in a PSC. First step – DFT geometry optimization, optimization of
  • computational parameters, and electronic band structure and deformation potential extraction. Second step – test of the structural stability via density functional perturbation theory (DFPT): We compute the phonon spectra to verify the structure’s dynamical stability. Third step – DFT-based electronic property
  • estimation: We utilize the HSE functional to predict the band structure. Fourth step – DFT post-processing: (a) Extraction of the device-related parameters such as DOS, charge mobility, effective masses, thermal velocities, electron affinity, and work functions from fundamental physics equations together
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Published 11 Sep 2024

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

  • Daniel Rothhardt,
  • Amina Kimouche,
  • Tillmann Klamroth and
  • Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

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  • and Discussion A topographic image of GNRs on the Au surface is shown in Figure 1a. While most GNRs are attached to gold step edges or to other ribbons, we additionally observe isolated individual ribbons. When the tip and the GNR are brought close together, electrostatic forces between tip and sample
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Published 29 Aug 2024

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

  • Katja Höflich,
  • Krzysztof Maćkosz,
  • Chinmai S. Jureddy,
  • Aleksei Tsarapkin and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

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  • , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH 3602 Thun, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.15.90 Abstract Direct electron beam writing is a powerful tool for fabricating complex nanostructures in a single step. The electron beam locally cleaves the molecules of an adsorbed gaseous precursor to form a deposit, similar to 3D printing but
  • without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70–80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas
  • . Keywords: focused electron beam-induced deposition; precursor; silver nanostructures; Introduction Direct writing with an electron beam allows for single-step and maskfree 3D printing of sophisticated nanostructures at the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. The process relies on the electron beam-induced
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Published 26 Aug 2024
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