Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• environment, CNFs with a high aspect ratio and high surface area have potential for forming a 3D network structure. As a result, research on cellulose aerogels has attracted more and more attention because of its outstanding properties such as high porosity, low thermal conductivity and low density [9][10

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• magnetic in nature [10][11][12][13]. Among different metal ferrite materials, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) plays a significant role because of its low band gap (1.88 eV), high thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, higher specific strength, magneto-resistive and magneto optical properties and low

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• fabricated with a smaller average diameter have significantly better mechanical properties. Gulotty et al. have reported that CNTs with a longer and larger diameter more efficiently improve the thermal conductivity of polymer composites [10]. Furthermore, it has been shown that for biological applications

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• Si. SiC is a wide bandgap (2.4–3.3 eV) semiconductor with a bulk Young’s modulus of 400–500 GPa [136] and high thermal conductivity on the order of 330 W∙m−1∙K−1 for bulk 3C–SiC [137], a larger than 1 MV cm−1 breakdown electric field as well as a high melting temperature. Regarding its elastic

• current flow through the contact causes immediate strengthening of the nanocontact, which gradually develops until the current density of 10−3–10−2 nA/nm2 (Figure 9b) is reached. Self-heating behaviour in the switching element/electrode contact is determined by a combination of its electrical and thermal

• conductivity [10][96][99]. If there is a low current density in the contact (in the range of 1 pA/nm2) and a good thermal contact, the temperature changes modestly (ΔT < 30 K) and almost no Joule heating occurs [10]. However, even at current densities as low as 3 pA/nm2, energy dissipation in the contact may

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• effects of different nanocomponents. In recent years, BN nanostructures have been in the focus due to advantageous combination of properties, such as high tensile strength and elastic modulus, superb chemical stability, biocompatibility, high thermal conductivity and perfect electrical insulation. This

• explains their rich functionality in reinforcement of ultralight metals and ceramics, improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of diverse polymers, production of transparent superhydrophobic films, and quantum electronic and photonic devices [1][2][3][4]. BN nanomaterials have also been

Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire

• Tino Wagner,
• Fabian Menges,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 129–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.15

• transfer lengths below 1 μm. With the KFM measurement and data analysis, we were able to extract all key parameters describing the electronic behaviour of the nanowire device. This model allows us to also predict the thermal behaviour and to compare with SThM measurements, given the thermal conductivity of

• temperature beneath them inaccessible to SThM.) The thermal conductivity of the InAs nanowire, κ = (3.0 ± 1.4) W·m−1·K−1, is in good agreement with measurements of similar InAs nanowires in microelectromechanical heater/sensor setups [31][32], or with measurements of a 40 nm thick InAs nanofilm [33]. Note

• that stacking faults perpendicular to the growth direction limit the thermal conductivity of our nanowire [31][34], compared to higher-quality crystalline InAs nanowires [35]. We calculate the interfacial thermal conductivity to the substrate and electrodes along the perimeter of the nanowire from the

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• -resonators such as a high chemical stability and an excellent thermal conductivity [22][23]. In this work, we propose to use hBN for the fabrication of photonic crystal cavities (PCCs). We design two dimensional (2D) PCCs and show that they have high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances in the visible

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent NWR 213-7900). Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) experiment was performed on a PCA-1200 instrument, equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) to detect H2 consumption. Typically, 50 mg of the sample was

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• stability, as well as excellent electrical and thermal conductivity [4][5][6]. On the other hand, titanium nitride (TiN) has some attractive properties, such as high hardness, low electrical resistivity, excellent wear and corrosion resistance [1][2][7]. Therefore, it is expected that these unique

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• these carbon materials graphene has become one the most attractive carbon support materials with its extraordinary properties. Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms. Its unique properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, high chemical

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• contribute to the defect band intensity through graphite structure amorphization and growth orientation [27][47]. The substrate properties such as surface energy, thermal conductivity and atomic density play a major role in determining the structure and morphology of substrate-supported VGNs [24]. In general

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• thin layer to form a 2D hexagonal honeycomb-like structure [42]. The π-conjugated structure in graphene provides ultrafast electron transfer (200,000 cm2·V−1·s−1), very high specific surface area (2600 m2·g−1), and high thermal conductivity (5000 W·w−1·K−1) [43]. In addition to this, graphene possesses

3D continuum phonon model for group-IV 2D materials

• Morten Willatzen,
• Lok C. Lew Yan Voon,
• Appala Naidu Gandi and
• Udo Schwingenschlögl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1345–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.136

• the in-plane and out-of-plane modes due to the mirror symmetry of graphene, leading to fewer scattering channels and, therefore, a higher thermal conductivity compared to, e.g., silicene. Our model reveals that such mode coupling, even when present, would occur for large kz values (due to the small

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• attractive as a potential material for catalysis and electronic and photonic devices due to its semiconducting nature with a wide band gap, excellent mechanical properties, chemical inertness and thermal conductivity [13][14][15][16][17]. Especially, one-dimensional SiC in the form of nanowires or nanorods

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• hypothesis of a temperature gradient is further challenged for small nm sized particles, which can grow single-walled carbon nanotubes. It is unlikely to play an important role in the growth of SWCNTs, because small catalytic particles have a high thermal conductivity and therefore the temperature gradient

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• the sensing active layer so as to restore resistance to the initial baseline with a full recovery without loss of the catalytic effects of metal NPs [35][45]. Above the critical temperature, the desorption of gaseous molecules from the surface of MWCNTs is accelerated by the decrease of the thermal

• conductivity of MWCNTs [46]. This results in the consequent lowering of the energy barrier, and therefore, a decrease of the sensing response [47][48]. Considering the specific optimum operating temperature of each hybrid sensing system, the sensing response, in terms of electrical resistance variation (ΔR

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• performed by elementary analyzer Vario MACRO cube (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Germany) using a thermal conductivity detector. Helium and oxygen (both purity 99.995%) were used as the carrier and combusting gases, respectively, with 2 bar intake pressure. The combustion tube was set at 1150 °C and the

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• thermal conductivity detector (TCD). Each run was tested for at least 60 min to achieve a steady state. The CO conversion was measured as follows: XRD patterns of (a) ZrO2, and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2. Expanded XRD region between 29° and 32° to show the peak shift between (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2. TGA of (a

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• thermal noise, as shown in the Figure 5. It is interesting to stress here that this result is obtained on a graphene/PMMA sample where the graphene layer is about 1 μm thick. This behavior can be ascribed to the high thermal conductivity of graphene compared to the other materials reported in Figure 5

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• notable enhancement in thermal conductivity, when measured by the transient hot-wire method. In contrast, when the conductivity of the same nanofluid is measured by the laser flash method, the enhancement reported is about one order of magnitude lower. This difference has been quantitatively resolved for

• -mediated heat transfer model; laser flash method; nanofluids; thermal conductivity; transient hot-wire method; Introduction In 1995, Choi et al. [1] dispersed copper nanoparticles in water, and termed the suspension as nanofluid. They observed a large increase in the thermal conductivity of this nanofluid

• compared to water when measured by the transient hot-wire method (THWM). Subsequently, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been extensively investigated by THWM with the prospect to use them for enhanced heat-transfer applications [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the cause of this enhanced thermal

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• dimensional (2D) network of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms with hexagonal packed lattice structure [28]. Graphene also possesses unique electronic, optical and mechanical properties such as high theoretical specific surface area (2630 m2·g−1) [29], chemical stability, high transparency and good thermal

• conductivity (5000 W·m−1·K−1) [30]. Its optical transmittance is about 97.7% and possesses superior electron mobility (200000 cm2·V−1·s−1), which makes it an ideal material for photocatalyst support [31]. Several semiconductor nanocomposites supported on graphene have been used as photocatalysts for the

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity, and Π is the net Peltier coefficient. Thermoelectric Peltier, and Thomson heat terms are included in the heat equation (Equation 2). Tunneling through the device is modeled using an external circuit that circumvents the thin insulating

• T is the local temperature. Temperature-dependent materials properties [7][10][11][12][13][14] (Figure 3) are used for CoFeB, MgO, and Fe. The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of CoFeB is calculated using the Wiedemann–Franz law: where L is the Lorenz number. It is assumed the annealing

• different heat paths through metal and passivation layers, the configurations with passivation–Cu contacts (I, III) are simulated with and without thermal boundary resistances (TBR) applied on the passivation–Cu interfaces. This TBR is modeled as a 1 nm thick virtual layer with a thermal conductivity of

Fracture behaviors of pre-cracked monolayer molybdenum disulfide: A molecular dynamics study

• Qi-lin Xiong,
• Zhen-huan Li and
• Xiao-geng Tian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1411–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.132

• ][12][13][14]. Jiang et al. [15] presented a parameterization of the Stillinger–Weber (SW) potential to describe the interatomic interactions within single-layer MoS2 (SLMoS2). And based on this potential, they studied chirality, size, and strain effects on the Young’s modulus and the thermal

• conductivity of defect-free SLMoS2 by using classical MDS. Dang et al. [16] used MDS with a reactive empirical bond order potential to study the mechanical deformation and failure of monolayer molybdenum disulfide under uniaxial and multiaxial tension. Zhao et al. [17] investigated the influence of temperature

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• suitable for low temperature measurements. Apart from being flexible its thermal conductivity is one to two orders of magnitude lower at 4 K than the one of the usual metallic substrates. This supports the creation (and the preservation) of a temperature gradient for thermopower measurements. Due to r.m.s

• to All other parameters, A, b0, and c are not relevant for the determination. Sample details Simulation details For the simulations we used the following material parameters: Gold: Thermal conductivity κ = 320/1.85 W m−1 K−1, specific heat cp = 128 J kg−1 K−1, mass density ρm = 19300 kg m−3