Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• understand the impact of the sonication time on Cf, MoO3 with Ci = 10 mg·mL−1 (time-dependent studies with other Ci values are shown in Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) was sonicated for different periods of time (1, 3, 5, and 7 h). The UV–vis spectra of the dispersions were recorded and are shown

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• from an energy transfer from the perovskite to the azobenzene. Here, the distance between the perovskite and the azobenzene moiety plays a crucial role. To verify the assertion of an energy transfer, further examination with time-dependent characterization techniques were quantified. In a typical

• . Therefore, decreased radiative recombination can be observed and increased photoswitching occurs. Time-dependent fluorescence measurements reveal the distance-dependent energy transfer dynamics. We observe much shorter lifetimes for small insulating spacers (AzoC1 and AzoC2) than for longer spacers (AzoOC4

• S2; see Table 2) of the azobenzene ligands and VB and CB of the perovskite particles in dependence on the distance between the perovskite and the azobenzene group. (B) Time-dependent PL measurements of a dispersion of 3D-AzoC1 (black), 3D-AzoC2 (dark grey), 3D-AzoOC4 (grey) and 3D-AzoOC12 (light grey

Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis

• Berkin Uluutku and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 453–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.37

• stem from the dynamics and mechanics of an intermittent-contact operation. Besides the fact that electrical contacts would be intermittent, the nature of the contact would also be time-dependent within the contact time. This is because the indentation is constantly varying. Furthermore, the

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• water within its structure with a 60% increase in mass from swelling after 1 h of water absorption at pH 11 at ambient temperature (25 °C). The high water content of the pHEMA hydrogels is attractive as it resembles properties of soft tissues and vascular networks. Figure 2 shows the pH- and time

• -dependent swelling behavior of the pHEMA hydrogels selected for fabrication of the flow channels. In general, the different pHEMA gels showed maximum swelling after 1.5 h and 3.5 h with a 40–50% increase in mass and disintegrated after 7 h of water absorption (Figures S1–S3, Supporting Information File 1

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• aggregation. a) The spurious catalyst decelerates the toehold-exchange reaction and thus the formation of aggregates. (b) Time-dependent change of the color of the assay using spurious and correct targets. Reprinted with permission from [83], copyright 2014 John Wiley and Sons. Working principle of the

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• , hence, the polymeric chains were slowly reorganized, whereas CUR diffused by time-dependent anomalous effects. The solvent diffusion velocity displayed similar relaxation of the polymeric chains [77]. Ex vivo permeation of curcumin in porcine oral mucosa Permeation studies are considered fundamental to

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• before the experiments, frozen native pulmonary human mucus samples were left to thaw in the refrigerator at 4 °C. Rhodamine B labelled PLGA NPs of 60, 140 and 400 nm diameter were dispersed in Milli-Q water at 0.1% w/v. 5 μL of the nano-suspension was added on top of the mucus. Then, the time-dependent

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• properties with water and underwater oil-contact angles of 0° and up to 174°, respectively. The self-cleaning capability of the nanostructured, needle-like M-CAT-1 films was illustrated by measuring time-dependent oil droplet rolling-off a tilted surface. The deposition of the nanostructured Ni-CAT-1 film on

• nanostructured, needle-like Ni- and Co-CAT-1 films was illustrated by measuring time-dependent oil droplet rolling-off a tilted surface. The deposition of the nanostructured Ni-CAT-1 film on large glass substrates allowed for the realization of an efficient antifog coating. These antifog coatings enabled clear

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• . Afterwards, 0.015 mL of fresh aqueous 10−1 M NaBH4 was spiked into the mixture, as reducing agent, and the time-dependent absorption spectrum was recorded. As NaBH4 was used in excess, the reaction kinetics are assumed to follow a first-order rate law. The absorption peak at 400 nm (Abs400nm) forms

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• the blank lipid nanoparticles was first investigated. As shown in Figure 4, P did not show any antiproliferative effects on A549 and PC9 cells, indicating the safety of the carrier material. DiP and P2P showed efficient antiproliferative activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DiP and P2P

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• , the modulus (both G’ and G’’) was enhanced after aging for a longer time, indicating the improvement in the mechanical capacity of the hydrogels with time. Taken together, the rheological study indicates that the CWY hydrogels possess shear-thinning and self-healing behaviors, which are time-dependent

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• to electronic polarization), with an exponential decay as a function of the C60…TTF intermolecular distance (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Time-dependent DFT molecular calculations were performed at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G** level (see the Experimental section) to shed light onto the

• ) was employed along with the 6-31G** basis set and half of the counterpoise correction (CP) [69]. The consistency of the interaction energy trends at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G**+½CP level was confirmed by using other basis set or CP weights (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). Time-dependent DFT (TDDFT

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

Unipolar magnetic field pulses as an advantageous tool for ultrafast operations in superconducting Josephson “atoms”

• Daria V. Popolitova,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy and
• Olga V. Tikhonova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1548–1558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.152

• corresponds to the initial population of the lowest energy state. The time-dependent populations for any of the considered states can be calculated as follows: Wi = |Ci(t)|2. The obtained dynamics of the system is compared to that calculated for the case in which the transitions between all the considered

• states are allowed and found as solution of the following system of equations: Subsequently, the time-dependent population transfer between the qubit states will be compared for both cases. Our goal is to provide an ultrafast transfer of population from one qubit state to another and to establish the

• obtain the following time-dependent amplitudes of the considered states: The time-dependent populations of different states obtained from Equation 12 and Equation 13 are presented in Figure 2. They are characterized by very fast oscillations accompanied by a rather slow modulation. The fast oscillations

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• time-dependent luminescence response of Janus UCNP capsule motors in TNT-contaminated H2O2. The motors were self-propelled for 3 min in 5% H2O2 containing 0.2 c (here, c = 1 μg mL−1) TNT and showed instant luminescence quenching, while both the UCNPs and static Janus UCNP capsule motors displayed no

• motor in 5% H2O2 with 0.5 mg mL−1 of TNT in 9 s under 980 nm laser excitation. (d) Time-dependent luminescence quenching of different samples in TNT solution with different concentrations (c = 1 μg mL−1). (e) Plot of the luminescence quenching effect of Janus UCNP capsule motors in different H2O2

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• static and time-dependent micromagnetic simulations. Keywords: magnetic hyperthermia; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic relaxation time; micromagnetic simulation; Introduction Magnetic relaxation phenomena in nanoparticulate systems are under intensive investigation today, especially due to their

• measurements and (iii) to provide theoretical support for the specific evolution of the relaxation time constant and the anisotropy energy barrier in the Néel expression as function of interparticle interaction through a suitable exploitation of static and time-dependent micromagnetic simulations. Results and

• nanoparticle volume in each occupied cell (thus the terms MNPs and magnetic moments will be further used interchangeably). Time-dependent simulations have been performed for three different densities of nanoparticles, reflected by the following interparticle distances d1 and d2: high density (volume fraction

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• assay, zeta potential measurements, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Additionally, the time-dependent cell interaction of PLGA NPs in the absence or presence of a preformed protein corona was assessed by in vitro incubation experiments with the human liver cancer

• significantly at low concentration levels but becomes constant when passing to higher serum concentrations. Corona formation is a very dynamic, competitive and time-dependent process. In the early stage, low-affinity proteins with high abundance in serum, for instance, human serum albumin (HSA), adsorb onto the

• serum. Proteins were analyzed by LC–MS/MS in three independent measurements (RUN 1–3) and grouped according to their function in blood. Abbreviations: fetal bovine serum (FBS), human serum (HS), insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Time-dependent

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• smallest Au-NPs showed an effect on cell viability. Regardless of size, none of the NPs induced inflammation or cell morphology changes [19]. This could also be shown for primary cultured porcine brain microvessel ECs (pBMECs) exposed to Au-NPs [20]. Si-NPs elicited concentration- and time-dependent

• /mL]. A time-dependent significant increase in NP uptake was obtained in rBCEC4 cells. Both PCL- and PLLA-NPs were taken up to a very similar extent. After 24 h of NP exposure, 87% and 84% of cells had taken up PCL- and PLLA-NPs, respectively (Figure 3E). Signaling pathways involved in survival

• Figure 7B and Figure 7C. Furthermore, no difference between PCL- and Au-NP-exposed cell monolayers was detected. Overall, cell monolayers are less permeable to 70 kDa FITC dextran (Figure 7C) than to 4.4 kDa TRITC dextran (Figure 7B). Discussion A concentration- and time-dependent effect of exposure to

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• charges apparently, leading to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the hybrid photocatalyst. Photocatalytic performance Time-dependent visible-light-induced photocatalytic H2 formation over different samples has been measured in the presence of methanol (sacrificial electron donor) without the

• 1s, (c) N 1s, (d) Cd 3d, (e) In 3d and (f) S 2p. (a) UV–vis spectra of g-C3N4, CCN, CdIn2S4, and CISCCN composites. (b) The plot of (αhν)2 vs photon energy (hν) for g-C3N4, CCN and CdIn2S4. Photoluminescence spectra of g-C3N4, CCN and CISCCN3 samples. (a) Time-dependent visible-light-induced

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• constants are plotted as a function of the programmed time constants in Figure 3c. Extending this technique to ionic transport systems requires only the insertion of an explicit time dependence of the capacitance C(t) in place of the time-dependent voltage in Equation 8. The capacitance follows the time

• time-dependent tip–sample interaction. Application to ionic transport measurements To accurately quantify ionic transport requires the capability to fully resolve the functional form of a stretched exponential response to extract the two main parameters of interest, τ and β. To test the suitability of

• capacitance, simplifying the analysis significantly. Similar techniques may be required to extract information from samples where large time-dependent changes in capacitance and surface potential are expected. Conclusion We have reviewed several established techniques that achieve time resolution using EFM

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• , PO Box MG-7, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.10.61 Abstract In this work, we theoretically model the time-dependent transport through an asymmetric double quantum dot etched in a two-dimensional wire embedded in a far-infrared (FIR) photon cavity. For the transient and the intermediate

• out a difference between the steady-state correlation functions in the Coulomb blocking and the photon-assisted transport regimes. Keywords: electron transport; interactions; photon cavity; photon-dressed electron states; time dependent; Introduction Experimental [1][2][3][4][5][6] and theoretical

• transport in the far-infrared (FIR) regime. The time-dependent electronic transport through a two-dimensional (2D) nanosystem patterned in a GaAs heterostructure, which is in turn embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) FIR photon cavity, generally displays three regimes: i) The switching transient regime in

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• change during the synthesis hints that the dichroic nanoparticle formation is not just seeded growth, but a more complex mechanism. Therefore, we studied the evolution of the nanoparticle formation over time using UV–vis spectroscopy and TEM (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S3 and S4). The time

• dependent study shows the formation of small gold nuclei that in time cluster together forming nanowire-like structures concomitant to the first color change. The second change of color, from ink-black to purple, is accompanied by an enhancement of the scattering, giving the purple solution a brown

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• time-dependent changes of the surface potential occurring under illumination. This work also unravels lattice expansion phenomena under illumination in perovskite structure forming photo-absorbing materials [2]. Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo and co-workers go one step further by addressing photocarrier