Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• the interlayers of PCN and not on its π-conjugated planes as it is in the case with other commonly used metal/non-metal (Cu, Ni, C, N or O) modifications [42][43][44][45][46]. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to obtain the molecular structure information of the carbon nitride

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• spherical in morphology and range from 5–200 nm in size. The mechanism through which AgNPs are synthesized is still not well understood; however, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results from previous studies suggest that carboxylic and hydroxylic groups, in addition to primary and secondary

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• ]: where F(R) is the Kubelka–Munk function, α is the absorption coefficient and S is the scattering coefficient (n = 2 or 0.5 for direct or indirect transitions, respectively). The functional groups on mSiO2@NiPS and mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composites were determined using a Bruker Tensor 27 Fourier-transform

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• electron microscope (TEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the nanoscale materials were recorded using a Jasco FT IR-4700 spectrometer. Bandgap information was obtained using the spectra recorded in a Perkin Elmer UV–vis spectrometer with an integrating sphere. Spectra were suitably

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• ). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the range from 500 to 4000 cm−1 were recorded with a FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet IS10). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using a BRUKER D8 X-ray diffractometer in the 2θ range of 0–100° at a scanning rate of 5°·min−1. For atomic force microscopy

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• HAp nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. The characterization of the prepared HAp nanoparticles was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM provided insight into the

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• reference in one cuvette and the second cuvette was filled with thiourea solution and Ag2S nanoparticles. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD-6000, Shimadzu) was used to investigate the structural properties of Ag2S NPs deposited on the glass substrate. A Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectrophotometer (8400S

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• reflect the square of the Fourier transform of the real space orbitals (i.e., the momentum maps image the orbital in the reciprocal space). PT experiments conducted on 6P monolayers on MgO(100)/Ag(100) revealed that films prepared under nominally identical conditions could yield apparently contradicting

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• ) analysis (Rigaku D/Max-rB, Japan), with diffraction angle values ranging from 5° to 60°, was performed to examine the crystalline structure of CCGNFs. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) (Frontier, Perkin-Elmer Company, USA) was used to investigate the structural changes of the CNFs before and

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• the reflectivity is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of dρ(z)/dz, where ρ(z) is the depth profile of the scattering length density (SLD). The SLD is defined as the product of the averaged scattering length and the density N. For a periodic structure with period D repeated n times

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• 0.56 ng Cd(II) is 877.72 Ω. Characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) FTIR is a mature technique for elemental analysis and the identification of functional groups. The FTIR results show –OH stretching in the range of 2900–3750 cm−1 and N–H bending (1350–1750 cm−1) [48][49

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• (Figure 5). We indexed the spots indicated in the fast Fourier transform (Figure 5b) of the image in Figure 5a with the planes (−11−1), (−200) and (−1−11), and the [011] zone axis of the WC1−x fcc structure, with a lattice parameter of a = 0.4272 nm. A lower magnification STEM image of the NW grown at 1.3

• : STEM image, right panel: snapshot of the 3D tomographic reconstruction. (a) HRSTEM image of a typical hollow WC NW grown at 1.3 pA. (b) Fast Fourier transform of the image in (a), showing the crystalline nature of the material and indexed as the [011] zone axis of the fcc WC1−x structure. (c) Lower

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• mixture. All materials including BTO, BTO-PTh, and PTh are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet 520 FTIR spectrophotometer) and X-ray diffraction (STOE STADI P X-ray diffractometer). The morphology of BTO and BTO-PTh nanoparticles is studied using scanning electron

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• as clusters of molecules on top of the first DBP layer. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) of that STM image resembles the LEED simulation of the molecular lattice (considering eight symmetry equivalent domains only), which supports our structural model. Valence band structure and work function change

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• Rigaku D/Max 2500 powder diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM5610LV, JEOL, Japan) was used to observed the morphology of the Ag–TiO2 NPs. The sample components were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• (Figure 2i). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to verify the nanocube surface modifiers before and after DHCA exchange. By comparing the FTIR spectra of FGOA and FGDA nanocubes (Figure 2i), it is possible to conclude that the two samples display distinct characteristic

• Kα (λ = 1.5406 Å)) was used to determine the crystalline structure of the nanocubes. The diffractometer was operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. Scanning was performed at 2θ values ranging from 20 to 80° at a rate of 0.05°·s−1. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed on the samples over a

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• ALOX surface and the crystal of the ATR module could not be achieved, therefore we employed diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) to analyze surface-grafted polymers. Figure 7 shows the NIR spectra of the outer surface of the pPA-functionalized ALOX-membranes. All observed

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• , a Fourier transform of the compliance equation is applied to a particular model. Once translated into the frequency domain, the real portion of the expression corresponds to the storage modulus, and the imaginary portion to the loss modulus. In the case of a generalized-Voigt material, a definition

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• spectrally stable with no broadening and limited spectral diffusion, delivering a Fourier transform (FT) limited emission (spectral broadening equal to the inverse of the radiative optical transition lifetime) and thus photon indistinguishability; high purity, i.e., with g(2)(0) close to 0; high brightness

• discrete jumps. An SPS with Fourier transform (FT) limited linewidth is required for applications in optical quantum computing and spin–photon entanglement distribution. FT limited linewidths down to ≈55 MHz have been observed from a ZPL line of SPE in h-BN [131][132]. Further study of on-resonant

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• . It can be seen from the figure that tiny Ag nanoparticles are supported on the TiO2 columns. Figure 4d shows the high-resolution TEM image of the Ag nanocolumns shown in Figure 4c. After removing the noise by performing Fourier transform on the selected area using software, we can clearly see lattice

Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach

• Edgar Cruz Valeriano,
• José Juan Gervacio Arciniega,
• Christian Iván Enriquez Flores,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Joel Moreno Palmerin,
• Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde,
• Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta,
• Rafael Ramírez Bon and
• José Martín Yañez Limón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 703–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.58

• –sample interaction is excited with a white-noise signal. Then, a fast Fourier transform is applied to the deflection signal that comes from the photodiodes of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipment. This approach allows for the measurement of several vibrational modes in a single step with high

• compared to conventional techniques. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; fast Fourier transform; mechanical properties; system theory; white noise; Introduction There are several methods to measure mechanical properties at the nanoscale level, based on, e.g., nanoindentation or on other physical phenomena

• -AFAM). S-AFAM works as follows: While a conventional AFM is scanning in contact mode, the tip–sample interaction is excited by a white-noise signal generated by a function waveform generator through a piezoelectrical actuator. At the same time, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is computed by data

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• is still a small probability for conductance through more than one channel that is reflected by the small number of counts in the range between 14G0 and 5G0. After performing a Fourier transform (FT) of this conductance histogram (see Figure 3), a distinct peak structure is observed, which

• . Fourier transform of the conductance histogram of Figure 2 of bow-tie electromigrated structures. The x-axis represents the Fourier frequencies while the amplitudes of the frequencies are plotted on the y-axis. Conductance histogram of 15 conductance traces obtained during EM of FIB-patterned bow-tie

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• sample regions evaluated with SEM. The pore size distributions of CNFMs were measured using capillary flow porometry (Porometer 3G, Quantachrome Instruments, USA). All samples were circular membranes with a diameter of 25 mm and the thickness of 10 μm. FTIR spectra of CNFMs were obtained using Fourier

• -transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet5700, Thermo Nicolet Company, Waltham, MA, USA), carrying out 32 scans within the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm−1 with a resolution of 4 cm−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out using a Philips X’Pert-Pro MPD (PANalytical, Almelo & Eindhoven

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• calculated using the Smoluchowski equation. Spectroscopy Fourier-transform infrared data were collected with a Nicolet 6700 Continuum FTIR microscope (Thermo Electron Corporation). The chemical composition of the structure was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Kratos Analytical Axis Ultra DLD