Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) with an accelerating voltage of 2 kV. Each dried sample was placed on a metallic pin stub with adhesive and was coated with carbon (Cressington 208C High Vacuum Turbo Carbon Coater, Ted Pella Inc.). Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential The hydrodynamic diameter, size

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• washed with distilled water and dried in ambient conditions for 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to characterize microstructure of the individual Ag or Ag2O nanostructures and films. The analysis was performed in using a NVision 40 microscope (Carl Zeiss) at 9 kV accelerating voltage

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• studied by AFM in tapping mode using Ntegra Aura nanolaboratory (from NT-MDT). Commercial cantilevers with sharp silicon tips (radius of curvature <10 nm, force constant of 3.5–6.0 N/m) are used. SEM analysis is carried out by means of Mira3 (Tescan) microscope operated with accelerating voltage of 30 kV

Effect of microtrichia on the interlocking mechanism in the Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Chao Liu,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Wei Wu and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 812–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.75

• wings were coated with gold and examined using ESEM at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. Structures were determined from digital pictures by using image analysis software. The elytra were also removed fresh from the body and were cut into small sections and cleaned with anhydrous ethanol. Then, the

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• scanning rate of 4°/min in the range of from 10 to 90°. A Hitachi S4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. The elemental analysis was also performed on an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) with the same instrument

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• -twin microscope operating at 200 kV (accelerating voltage). Elemental mapping was also carried out by using the same instrument in order to study the presence and spatial distribution of expected elements in all prepared samples. The light harvesting ability of the resultant samples as a dry-pressed

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• accelerating voltage of 2 kV and magnification ranges of 10,000–100,000×), with concurrent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. For SEM, NP films were coated on conductive silicon substrates by spin coating, where 2.5 µL of NP ink was diluted in 12.5 µL of water and spun at 3000 rpm speed

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• and morphology of the fibers was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-7001F). Details concerning the morphology and structure were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, Tecnai G2 F30), operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Selected specimens were

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• different additives obtained and labeled as Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd, and Se, respectively. Carbon nanodot characterization The product morphology was assessed by TEM and HRTEM, which was performed on a JEOL-2100F instrument with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The XRD patterns of Sa, Sb, and Se were recorded on a

Nematic liquid crystal alignment on subwavelength metal gratings

• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Artur R. Geivandov,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Maxim V. Gorkunov and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 42–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.6

• gratings (Figure 1) are produced by ion-beam milling of the films using an FEI Scios dual beam electron-ion microscope (accelerating voltage 30 kV, ion beam current 0.1–0.3 nA). We have produced a series of gratings on the same substrate in order to be able to observe the influence on LC alignment of such

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• microscope (FE-SEM, JSM-6700F), a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM 100-CXII) with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV, and a high-resolution TEM (HRTEM, GEOL-2010) with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Also, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected on an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku D

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• accelerating voltage, sample height, and vapor pressure were adjusted so that patterns could be discerned. The level of contrast in VP-SEM also depends on the nature of the alkanethiol molecules and SAM disorder (e.g., the orientation and conformation of the molecules in the SAM) [5]. The Au–mercaptoundecanol

• microscopy was performed using a JEOL JSM-6700F scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with a 750 V DC detector bias and 5 kV accelerating voltage. Field-emission gun variable pressure electron microscopy of Au on PDMS The scanning electron micrographs of Au–alkanethiolate monolayers on flat

• PDMS were imaged with a low-vacuum detector in a Nova NanoSEM 230 microscope (FEI, Czech Republic) operating at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The samples were affixed to the SEM stub and grounded by conductive carbon and copper tape. Variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM) was performed under 50 Pa of water

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• accelerating voltage in keV and ρ is the density of the detected sample. Considering the thickness of Fe nanostructure is approximately ≈30 nm, one can expect ≈1.6% Fe signal, which is below the detection limit of the method [45]. In additional experiments on other samples, the fabrication of CNT forests and

• S-4700 Type II cold field emission SEM instrument operated at 10–15 kV accelerating voltage with an integrated Röntec QX2 EDX detector. (a) Scheme of the electron beam induced deposition (EBID) process with Fe(CO)5 as precursor molecule, producing a point matrix of Fe deposits. (b) SEM micrograph of

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• reference material causing lattice contraction or expansion and strain [97][98][99][100][101]. The HR-TEM imaging was performed on a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 electron microscopy operated at 200kV accelerating voltage [102]. Digital images were recorded by a Gatan UltraScan 1000P detector. Samples were prepared

• irradiated for 10 min (Co) or 15 min (Fe, Pr, Eu) at a power of 50 W to a temperature of 220 °C. Examples of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns (Figures S4 and S6 in Supporting Information File 1) have been recorded with an FEI Titan 80-300 TEM [103], operated at 300 kV accelerating voltage

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• operating at 200 kV accelerating voltage. Preparation of peptide microarray KLVFF and Semax peptides were dissolved in phosphate buffer at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and aliquots were stored at −80 °C until use. Cy3-Aβ40 conjugate was dissolved in a saline phosphate buffer containing 10 vol % of DMSO (0.01

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• typical settings of an accelerating voltage and a bias of 2.00 kV and 200 V, respectively. Quartz crystal microbalance apparatus QCM data were collected using a QCM100 (Stanford Research Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) system. The system includes a controller, oscillator electronics and a Teflon holder and a

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• samples was analyzed using a JEOL 6340F field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) in secondary electron imaging mode. The accelerating voltage was set to 5 kV. The electrodes were prepared by mixing 40% of as-synthesized active iron oxide powder with 40% of conductive additives (Super P Li

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• aqueous solution. TEM observations were performed on a Philips CM 120 electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The sample for FESEM observation was prepared by placing a drop of properly diluted nanoparticle dispersion on a clean glass sheet, and was allowed to dry in the air. FESEM

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• in a transmission electron microscope. The analysis was performed at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV in TEM mode. Determination of particle diameter by SEM Additional measurements of the particle diameter were carried out by using a field-emission high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM

• ) by Merlin Carl Zeiss. Observations of the morphology of the surface were made by applying an accelerating voltage of incident electrons at 5 kV and a current probe at 300 pA in order to minimize modifications to sample. The sample preparation was as follows: samples of compounds 8–11 (1 × 10−4 М

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• products was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, model MORGAGNI 268) operated at an accelerating voltage of 72 keV. The average size of nanoparticles was estimated from at least 150 species observed in the TEM images. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies

• of as-synthesized products were performed using a LIBRA 200 FE at an accelerating voltage of 200 keV. X-ray powder diffraction experiments were performed on a D8 diffractometer (Bruker AXS, Germany), equipped with a Göbel mirror as a primary beam monochromator for Cu Kα radiation. Upgraded vacuum

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• (FE-SEM) and TEM. FE-SEM measurements were carried out using a JEOL JSM 6330F instrument operating at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. TEM measurements were carried out using a JEOL JEM-2000 FX electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The samples were prepared by placing

Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation

• Daichi Morioka,
• Tomohiro Nose,
• Taiki Chikuta,
• Kazutaka Mitsuishi and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1523–1529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.153

• . To understand this widening mechanisms, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate material are investigated by means of both experiments and simulation. It is demonstrated that the fixing area is greatly affected by the electrons back-scattered by the substrate. The back

• -scattering leads to an increase in line width and thus reduces the resolution of this patterning technique. Keywords: accelerating voltage; electron beam; gold; Monte Carlo simulation; nanoparticle array; Introduction Techniques to fabricate assemblies or arrays of nanostructures on a desired area have

• the particle and the substrate fixes the particles. However, in this original technique, the area of fixed gold nanoparticles was wider than the electron-probe size of a few nanometers [8]. To understand the mechanisms of this widening, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• . Prior to the FE-SEM examination, all the specimens were sputter-coated with gold to avoid charge accumulations. Transmission electron microscopy was conducted on a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy unit at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. The specific surface area and pore structure of

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• ) preparation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Secondary electron images were collected using an Everhart–Thornley-detector mounted on a FEI Quanta 3D FEG applying electron beam settings of 15 kV accelerating voltage. In the same system cross-sectional electron transparent foils of the MoS2 films on

• the SiO2/Si support were fabricated using focussed ion beam (FIB) sputtering at IB settings of 30 kV accelerating voltage and successively decreasing IB currents from 65 nA to 50 pA. The 90–120 nm thick sample foils were subsequently checked for film thickness accuracy determination in a Philips CM200

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• spectroscopy (EELS) were performed using a Nion UltraSTEM 100 which is equipped with aberration correction of the probe forming lens. Beam-induced damage and contamination were minimized by using an accelerating voltage of 60 kV and a 40 pA beam current. High angle annular dark field (HAADF) and bright field