Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• min under ambient conditions to allow for the grafting between LDH and AA. Then the handsheets were gently taken out and allowed to dry at room temperature. Characterization Optical microscopy analysis: An optical microscope Nikon Eclipse E200 combined with a Nikon DS-Fi2 digital camera was used to

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• , the long-term stability of Ag-G.b.-20 substrates was examined under ambient conditions. Figure 5a shows the Raman spectra of 10−4 M CV recorded on the Ag-G.b.-20 substrates and the corresponding substrates stored for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Figure 5b clearly reveals that the integrated Raman intensity

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• , already reported for semiconductor chemoresistors. From an applications perspective, the range of nitrogen dioxide concentrations tested here (tens of ppm) is still too high for monitoring this species in ambient conditions (tens of ppb). However, there is room for improving these results, for example, by

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ambient conditions. Keywords: boron nitride monolayer; CO2 conversion; density functional theory; single-atom electrocatalyst; Introduction In the past decades, considerable carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere due to large-scale anthropogenic industrial manufacturing have resulted in global

• most non-noble metal catalysts to selectively produce CH4. Therefore, the study demonstrates a potential electrocatalyst employing a non-noble metal with high catalytic efficiency for conversion CO2 into useful fuel under ambient conditions. This work provides important information at the atomic level

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• transferred in hexadecane (4 g) to obtain a final concentration of 1 × 10−4 M. Afterwards, THF was completely removed by rotary evaporation (1 h at 70 mbar and 50 °C). Synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized nanocapsules Polystyrene nanocapsules were synthesized either under ambient conditions (sample NC) or

• Lasertechnik GmbH, ADL-63201TL) with an excitation intensity of 0.2 W·cm−2. It is important to note that all fluorescence emission measurements were carried out by using the same batch of nanocapsules at the same capsule content. A first batch of nanocapsules was prepared under ambient conditions and an

• nanocapsules (labeled as sample NC) were prepared under ambient conditions by free radical miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid. The thickness of the shell of the formed nanocapsules was ca. 20 nm in average, and the weight ratio polymer/hexadecane was ca. 1:2. The fluorescent dye was

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• realizable application. On the other hand, exploring molecular functionalities under ambient conditions on technologically relevant two-dimensional surfaces such as graphene or MoS2 is highly desirable for realizing the full potential of molecules for a diverse range of devices [7][8][9][10][11]. At room

• –HOPG interface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique under ambient conditions. The molecules belong to a new class of pyrazine/triazine-based molecules, containing two or more pyridine pendant units, and can act as a precursor to several two- and three-dimensional supramolecular

• lattice parameters as well as the number, type, and orientation of molecules within a unit cell. In general, the STM experiments conducted under ambient conditions are prone to thermal drift and suffer from piezo creep and hysteresis. To overcome this limitation, the acquired STM images were corrected by

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• grid (G200F1, Quantifoil), followed by drying under ambient conditions. XRD patterns were recorded using a Philips X’pert Pro by PANalytical, Netherlands (40 kV and 40 mA using Cu Ka radiation). The XRD diffractograms were recorded in the 2θ range of 2–80° in steps of 0.03° with an acquisition time of

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• for 256 times (128 times in each direction) in order to generate a sufficient amount of seeds. The technique was performed under ambient conditions with a writing speed of 10 μm/s (scan frequency: 0.5 Hz; line length: 10 μm). After seed generation, the samples were placed top-side down in a Teflon

• cantilever arrays [47]. Besides these technically challenges, there are some clear advantages of this method. First, it works under ambient conditions, and the setup is inexpensive compared to electron-beam lithography. Nevertheless, the resolution is roughly of the same order of magnitude. Second, it is a

• charging and silicon dusk particles could be excluded. It was demonstrated that the activation can be erased with an intensive electron beam. Compared to other lithography methods with similar resolutions, this technique is quite inexpensive and can be applied under ambient conditions. Therefore, it

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• under ambient conditions within a Faraday cage with microprobe manipulators using a B1500 Agilent semiconductor parameter analyzer. Results and Discussion Dense and homogeneous LaMnO3+δ (LMO) thin films with variable oxygen content (δ) have been deposited by pulsed injection metal organic chemical

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• , can be performed under ambient conditions, making this procedure even more suitable for mass production. Experimental The synthesis of the CZTS NCs used in this work and the basic characterization by UV–vis, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM were reported by us previously [21]. Shortly, the CZTS NCs

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• <10 nm. The AFM examination was carried out in air, under ambient conditions. The data analysis was conducted with IgorPro (V. 6.17, professional, dedicated software provided by the microscope producer). The measured thickness was around 1–2 nm (Figure 2b), which corresponds to 2–4 single layers of

Contact splitting in dry adhesion and friction: reducing the influence of roughness

• Jae-Kang Kim and
• Michael Varenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.1

• . The tests were carried out in a custom tribometer [47] able to measure pull-off and friction forces in ambient conditions as well as inside a Quanta 250 environmental SEM (FEI, Brno, Czech Republic). In this work, all force measurements were performed outside the SEM and the latter was used only to

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• explain the apparent SiO2 permittivity variations among the samples. Our experimental data indicate that the SiO2 permittivity is higher than the standard value when SiO2 is placed on the sample surface, but not when it is used as an interphase. As the experiments were performed under ambient conditions

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• 46556, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.271 Abstract Under ambient conditions, surfaces are rapidly modified and contaminated by absorbance of molecules and a variety of nanoparticles that drastically change their chemical and physical properties. The atomic force microscope tip–sample system can be considered a

• to access the state of contamination of real surfaces under ambient conditions using advanced atomic force microscopy techniques. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; cantilever; contact potential; electrostatic forces; force spectroscopy; Hamaker constant; Kelvin probe microscopy; surface

• surfaces allow for a detailed comparison between theory and experiments triggering an immense advance of surface chemistry. While UHV conditions are experimentally and theoretically appealing, most processes occur under ambient conditions, where it is much more difficult to prepare well-defined surfaces

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• intense electron irradiation if the lithography takes place under ambient conditions. Unlike tSPL, FE-eSPL structuring is a cold process due to the low power density which has advantages when patterning over thin active device regions, which is common in R&D applications. In this respect, FE-eSPL avoids

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• , it enables a quick chemical modification under ambient conditions in the gas phase [64][66][67][68][69][70][71]. Thus, plasma treatment could present a straightforward and affordable alternative to the electrochemical roughening of silver and can be even used as a technological reliable alternative

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• ] and shear-force microscopy (ShFM) [15] allow for chemical imaging of nanostructured materials, surfaces and (bio)molecular layers with a spatial resolution of 4–10 nm in ambient conditions [15][16], and can even reach atomic-level sensitivity in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) [17][18][19]. Excellent reviews

• require sample pretreatment, (ii) it can be operated in ambient conditions, liquid environments, as well as in UHV and at low temperatures, (iii) it combines the surface morphology information with the chemical information, (iv) optical excitation powers are virtually unlimited, and (v) it can attain

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• strong light-field enhancement of about four-times is expected at the gold–water interface, where the ENZ region is created. New possibilities can be explored in applications by using the proposed hard X-ray generation under ambient conditions. Creation and localization in time and space of the high

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• to 7.6. In the time interval between the end of the growth process of nanostructures and the performance of electrochemical measurements, the electrodes were stored under ambient conditions. Characterization The surface morphology of the processed samples was investigated using a scanning electron

Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas

• Shuiyan Cao,
• Eric Le Moal,
• Quanbo Jiang,
• Aurélien Drezet,
• Serge Huant,
• Jean-Paul Hugonin,
• Gérald Dujardin and
• Elizabeth Boer-Duchemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2361–2371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221

• microscope (Nikon Instruments, Eclipse Ti-U) equipped with a nanopositioning stage and an oil-immersion, high numerical aperture (NA = 1.49), 100× objective lens (Nikon CFI Apochromat TIRF objective). The STM is operated in air under ambient conditions [52]. STM tips are electrochemically etched tungsten

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• at a scan rate of ≈1.0 Hz, in ambient conditions (≈21 °C), using a ScanAsyst-air probe (Bruker) with a spring constant of 0.44 N/m. Images obtained in filtered artificial seawater were carried out in a fluid cell using either a ScanAsyst-fluid probe (Bruker) with a spring constant of 1.12 N/m or a

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• described below. After synthesis, all colloids were stored in ambient conditions. Silver nanoparticles obtained by citrate reduction (cit-AgNPs) To obtain the cit-AgNPs, 17 mg of silver nitrate was solved in 98 mL ultrapure water and heated to boiling. Then, 0.020 g of citrate solved in 2 mL ultrapure water

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• stability, the cells retaining their characteristics after 30 days of exposure to ambient conditions (relative humidity of 50–60%) [160]. The structure and characteristics of (MA)2KBiCl6 perovskite [166] are very similar to MAPbCl3, however, the high bandgap of this material (3.04 eV) is more suitable for

• UV photodetectors than for the photovoltaic applications. The organo–inorganic iodobismuthates C5H6NBiI4, C6H8NBiI4 and (C6H13N)2BiI5 displayed bandgaps of around 2 eV and stability under the ambient conditions [171][172]. Aromatic cations were found to contribute to the conduction band of these

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• 600 mV. The light source for sample irradiation was a green laser diode (wavelength = 500 nm, power density = 1.45 mW/mm2). Photo-assisted KPFM measurements were also performed in ambient conditions, with a Bruker multimode microscope controlled by a Nanoscope III unit coupled to a Nanonis control

• TiO2/P3HT-COOH compared to bare TiO2 confirms this mechanism. Figure 5a shows a KPFM height image obtained on a TiO2/P3HT-COOH deposit in ambient conditions in the dark. While the top of the TiO2 columns is visible, topographical features cannot be assigned to the presence of P3HT, probably because the

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• Metrology A/S) was used to determine the roughness parameters from the confocal images. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) Footprints were collected on clean microscope glass slides, rinsed with MilliQ water and air dried. The footprints were then imaged in air and under ambient conditions with a Dimension Icon