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Search for "film" in Full Text gives 1115 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

  • August K. Roos,
  • Ermes Scarano,
  • Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
  • Erik Holmgren and
  • David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

Graphical Abstract
  • L and capacitance C. The relatively small size available from the cantilever dimensions motivates the use of kinetic inductance to achieve a compact lumped-element inductor with negligible stray capacitance. Mattis–Bardeen theory [30] relates the kinetic inductance of a film with thickness t much
  • less than the London penetration depth to the normal-state sheet resistance R□ and the superconducting energy gap Δ0. For a conductor of length ℓ and width w, the kinetic inductance is where Lk,□ is the kinetic inductance per square. From Equation 4, we require a superconducting film with large normal
  • through the inductor is limited by the critical current Ic, also set by material choice and physical dimensions. From Equation 5, we can increase nc for a given material by, again, making the nanowire longer or narrower, or by increasing Lk,□ through a thinner film. However, longer and narrower nanowires
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Published 15 Feb 2024

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

  • Ke Xu and
  • Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

Graphical Abstract
  • analyze the shape of the tip, we use a probe to scan a TipCheck calibration sample and characterize its morphology. The TipCheck sample, provided by BudgetSensors, consists of a silicon chip sample with a wear-resistant thin film coating. The thin film coating exhibits granular and sharp nanostructures
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Published 14 Feb 2024

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

  • Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
  • Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
  • Loc Le-Tuan,
  • Xuan-Thang Cao,
  • Vy Tran-Anh and
  • Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

Graphical Abstract
  • film for 1 min, and water was allowed to evaporate. Then, the NPs were coated with titanium and SEM images were acquired using a FE-SEM S4800 HITACHI, Japan. Loading capacity Entrapment and release of CHL and IR780 in the NPs were measured by the absorbance of CHL at 256 nm and IR780 at 780 nm using
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Published 06 Feb 2024

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

  • Nghiem Thi Thuong,
  • Le Dinh Quang,
  • Vu Quoc Cuong,
  • Cao Hong Ha,
  • Nguyen Ba Lam and
  • Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

Graphical Abstract
  • under N2 atmosphere at 30 °C. The reacted latex was subjected to rotary evaporation for 40 min to remove impurities. The resulting latex was cast on a petri dish and dried in an oven at 50 °C, then in a vacuum to obtain a DPNR/GO-VTES composite film. A similar procedure was carried out with 0.2 g of GO
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Published 05 Feb 2024

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

  • Gabriela Lewińska,
  • Piotr Jeleń,
  • Zofia Kucia,
  • Maciej Sitarz,
  • Łukasz Walczak,
  • Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
  • Jerzy Sanetra and
  • Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

Graphical Abstract
  • ultrasonicated for 20 s and then applied to the substrate according to the test method. The angular velocity of the spin coater was also determined by the specific test method and its required film thickness. To keep the typical ratio of the donor and acceptor equal to 1:1 and simultaneously highlight the QD
  • spectra of a solid were studied as a thin film deposited on quartz, and measurements in solution were obtained in chloroform. The wavelength ranged from 250 to 1000 nm. A Woolam M-2000 ellipsometer was used for spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis. The measurement range was 350–1650 nm. The measurement was
  • (point by point). The layer under consideration was first pure quantum dots and then a ternary system with PC71BM and P3HT. The refractive index (n) of the quantum dots thin film and the extinction coefficient (k) were estimated using the Lorentz model modified by Tauc. The complex dielectric function is
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Published 02 Feb 2024

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

  • Aleksandrs Dutovs,
  • Raimonds Popļausks,
  • Oskars Putāns,
  • Vladislavs Perkanuks,
  • Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
  • Tomas Tamulevičius,
  • Uldis Malinovskis,
  • Iryna Olyshevets,
  • Donats Erts and
  • Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

Graphical Abstract
  • layer, several samples were mapped via SE. Instead of a single-layer alumina with effective RI neff, the model for SE measurements (Figure 1c) consisted of a barrier layer (phase 1) and a porous alumina layer (phase 2). As can be seen in Figure 4a–e, the thickness variation of the total alumina film was
  • presented method to other anodization protocols and film growth in a broader context, an important assumption for using the TM model is that the pore diameters (or other inhomogeneities in general) are much smaller than the wavelength of light and the film can be characterized by an effective medium
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Published 31 Jan 2024

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

  • Jonatas L. Duarte,
  • Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
  • Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
  • Rafael Miguel Sábio,
  • Gabriel Davi Marena,
  • Tais Maria Bauab,
  • Cristiane Duque,
  • Vincent Corbel and
  • Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

Graphical Abstract
  • enhances the properties of the interfacial film, leading to improved adsorption between the oil and water phases and enhancing the stability of nanoemulsions [29]. Previous studies have reported similar findings regarding NEs containing terpenes. Polydispersity index values comparable to those observed in
  • deviation. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy The nanoemulsions were mounted onto a copper grid with lacy carbon film (300 mesh). The acquisition was carried out with a MET Talos Arctica G2 apparatus. In vitro terpene release profile The in vitro release assays were conducted assuring sink
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Published 18 Jan 2024

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

  • Sylwia Pawłowska,
  • Karolina Cysewska,
  • Yasamin Ziai,
  • Jakub Karczewski,
  • Piotr Jasiński and
  • Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

Graphical Abstract
  • , the results indicate that microporosity, and thus the electroactive surface area of the electrode, increases with a higher content of cCB in the hydrogel-MCO film. A slightly different trend can be observed for the charge transfer resistance Rct at the solution–film interface. The highest Rct is
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Published 11 Jan 2024

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

  • Douglas Dourado,
  • Thayse Silva Medeiros,
  • Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
  • Edijane Matos Sales and
  • Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoliposomes promoting increased antiparasitic activity. Recently, Bafghi and collaborators produced nanoliposomes for curc delivery as a new alternative for leishmaniasis treatment [89]. Briefly, the nanoliposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration, resulting in spherical vesicles with 176.5 nm of diameter
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Published 04 Jan 2024

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

  • Leonid S. Revin,
  • Dmitry A. Pimanov,
  • Alexander V. Chiginev,
  • Anton V. Blagodatkin,
  • Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
  • Andrey V. Samartsev,
  • Anastasia N. Orlova,
  • Dmitry V. Masterov,
  • Alexey E. Parafin,
  • Victoria Yu. Safonova,
  • Anna V. Gordeeva,
  • Andrey L. Pankratov,
  • Leonid S. Kuzmin,
  • Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
  • Silvia Masi and
  • Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

Graphical Abstract
  • based on high-temperature YBCO Josephson junctions [27][28][29]. Long junctions based on YBCO thin films were fabricated by the preliminary topology mask method [30][31]. Specifically, YBCO film was deposited on a 24° [001]-tilt Zr1−xYxO2 bicrystal substrate by magnetron sputtering with preliminary
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Published 04 Jan 2024

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

  • Joshua Williams,
  • Michael I. Faley,
  • Joseph Vimal Vas,
  • Peng-Han Lu and
  • Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

Graphical Abstract
  • method to form an undercut structure that guarantees a clean lift-off procedure. The second approach used dry etching with an Ar beam to etch a thin Py film, while an electron-beam-patterned negative resist mask kept the desired structure. In the third process, nanostencils (shadow masks) with
  • mode to avoid melting of the PMMA resist. The second approach involved etching a thin Py film with an ion beam while preserving the intended structure with an electron-beam-patterned negative resist mask. Redeposition of etched material was found to construct fences at the edges of the structures
  • target–substrate distance of around 8 cm. The sputtered film was investigated under HRTEM. It was revealed that the film is polycrystalline with a lattice spacing of 0.36 nm (Figure 4), which correlates to the lattice constant of Py. The lift-off technique allows for the fabrication of arrays of 220 nm
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Published 02 Jan 2024

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

  • Eloïse Equy,
  • Jordana Hirtzel,
  • Sophie Hellé,
  • Béatrice Heurtault,
  • Eric Mathieu,
  • Morgane Rabineau,
  • Vincent Ball and
  • Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

Graphical Abstract
  • mixtures of BSA and DA in Tris buffer inhibited the deposition of a PDA film on the wall of the reaction beakers (Figure 3a). This suggested that BSA/PDA aggregates formed and that almost all the free DA molecules were consumed in these aggregates, as already mentioned by Bergtold and co-workers [13]. A
  • progressive inhibition of the deposition of a PDA film on the wall of the reaction beaker, which was mentioned above and observed above a certain amount of BSA (Figure 3a). This allowed us to assume that BSA molecules below a critical amount cannot surround all DA molecules (some DA molecules thus form a thin
  • film of PDA on the beaker’s wall), whereas they stabilize PDA NPs above this amount. The suspension stability was maintained when BSA/PDA NPs were in suspension in H2O or 150 mM NaCl solution. However, the mean hydrodynamic diameter varied with the solvent, with an increase by up to 50% for a BSA/DA
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Published 22 Dec 2023

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

  • Julian Skolaut,
  • Jędrzej Tepper,
  • Federica Galli,
  • Wulf Wulfhekel and
  • Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

Graphical Abstract
  • S2a). In contrast to the Au/mica surface, the Au/Si substrate exhibits a rougher surface, as seen in Figure 2c, in agreement with the difference in growth mode of Au films on the two substrates. For mica, epitaxial growth is obtained [16][17], while Au on Si/SiO2 forms a granular film [18]. Although
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Published 05 Dec 2023

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

  • Lester Uy Vinzons,
  • Guo-Chung Dong and
  • Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

Graphical Abstract
  • nanopillar array on an SU-8 film (Figure 1A(i) and (ii)). SU-8 generates a strong acid in UV-exposed areas, which, in turn, undergo acid-initiated crosslinking during the post-exposure baking step [18]. However, we found that the subsequent formation of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) inverse mold from the SU
  • further crosslinking the SU-8 (Figure 1A(iv)). This enabled the release of the PDMS film without breakage of the nanopillars (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1D). Application of NLL on the positive photoresist AZ1518 allowed for the formation of a nanohole array (Figure 1A(v)). AZ1518 contains a
  • photolithography step following NLL (Figure 3A(i) and (ii)). The starting samples for photolithography were a hard-baked SU-8 film, SU-8 nanopillars (not hard-baked), and SU-8 nanoholes for the creation of plain microgrooves (“microgroove”), nanopillars on microgrooves (“pillar–groove”), and nanoholes on
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Published 29 Nov 2023

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

  • François Piquemal,
  • Khaled Kaja,
  • Pascal Chrétien,
  • José Morán-Meza,
  • Frédéric Houzé,
  • Christian Ulysse and
  • Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

Graphical Abstract
  • . Subsequently, a lift-off process in acetone was employed to reveal the gold pattern. Finally, square samples were cut to match the dimensions of the measurement setup. We hand-soldered thick-film surface-mounted-device (SMD) resistors onto the connection gold pads on the surface using small soldering paste
  • in Figure 3. The resistance values for the electrode arms i = 3, 4, and 5 (i.e., 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, and 1 MΩ, respectively) were corrected by accounting for the tip resistance, which was measured on a copper film at Rtip = 6591 Ω with a relative uncertainty of 1% (conservative value). It is worth noting
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Published 22 Nov 2023

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

  • Kristjan Kalam,
  • Peeter Ritslaid,
  • Tanel Käämbre,
  • Aile Tamm and
  • Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

Graphical Abstract
  • investigating the dependence of different film properties on the deposition temperature. Other experiments were carried out at 300 °C since the highest GPC, which was 0.27 nm/cycle, was obtained at this temperature. In order to visualize the stepwise film growth and, at the same time, determine the optimum
  • pulse length for the iodide precursor, the SnI4–O3 process was, at first, examined in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [17]. The QCM data were acquired with a Q-pod quartz crystal monitor (Inficon) at a stabilized reactor temperature of 300 °C. For the film growth for ex situ measurements
  • ZSX Version 5.55 was used to measure the elemental composition of films. A spectroscopic ellipsometer, model GES5-E, was used for the measurements of film thicknesses and refractive indices. Ellipsometric data was modelled using the Cauchy dispersion model. The crystal structure was evaluated by
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Published 13 Nov 2023

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Benjamin Grévin,
  • Fatima Husainy,
  • Dmitry Aldakov and
  • Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Graphical Abstract
  • reference substrate, a bulk organic photovoltaic heterojunction thin film, and an optoelectronic interface obtained by depositing caesium lead bromide perovskite nanosheets on a graphite surface. The conclusion provides perspectives for future improvements and applications. Keywords: heterodyne
  • characterize the surface photovoltage dynamics are acquired on a photovoltaic organic bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) thin film. The time-constant values are shown to be fully consistent with the results of pump-probe KPFM. Last, the ability of DHe-KPFM to detect weak SPV signals is illustrated by investigating
  • electron trapping centres. The blend morphology, phase composition and concentration gradients of the donor and acceptor species (through the film thickness) can therefore have a dramatic impact on the SPV decay dynamics probed by KPFM. The sample investigated in this work has been specifically processed
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Published 07 Nov 2023

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

  • Janina Kopyra and
  • Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

Graphical Abstract
  • . Metal bis(acetylacetonate) complexes are of interest for many thin film fabrication techniques (e.g., chemical vapor deposition [9], atomic layer epitaxy [10], or atomic layer etching [11]) and as precursors for carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon onion particles [12], or metal oxide
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Published 26 Sep 2023

Isolation of cubic Si3P4 in the form of nanocrystals

  • Polina K. Nikiforova,
  • Sergei S. Bubenov,
  • Vadim B. Platonov,
  • Andrey S. Kumskov,
  • Nikolay N. Kononov,
  • Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
  • Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

Graphical Abstract
  • “WinXPow”. Elemental analysis was carried out on an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S2 Picofox (Bruker) with total external reflection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were dispersed in an ultrasonic bath with hexane and then deposited on copper grids with lacey carbon film (SPI Supplies
  • –1100 nm. The mass concentration of Si3P4 material in the sol (for the sake of attenuation coefficient calculation) was determined by drop casting 3.00 μL of the sol onto a sapphire substrate followed by an XRF study of the resultant film. DFT-GGA computations (structure optimization and calculation of
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Published 26 Sep 2023

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

  • Mathias Franz,
  • Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
  • Lysann Kaßner,
  • Marcus Daniel,
  • Frank Stahr and
  • Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

Graphical Abstract
  • defined by the onset of the decomposition of the precursor. In our case, decomposition occurs at temperatures of 125 °C and above, resulting in a film growth in chemical vapour deposition mode. The lower limit of the ALD window is around 35 °C, where the reduction of the precursor is incomplete. The
  • decomposition of one of the precursors. In this case, the process is within the regime of chemical vapour deposition (CVD), resulting in a continuous film growth. It is therefore essential to carry out the ALD process in a way that the first precursor only reacts with the second precursor during the second half
  • crystal 200 mm silicon (100) wafers with a pre-coated thermal SiO2 film of 100 nm thickness. As precursor for all depositions dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne [Co2(CO)6HC≡CC5H11] was used. The precursor was synthesised according to Georgi et al. [23] and filled to a common 200 mL stainless steel bubbler
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Published 15 Sep 2023

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

  • Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
  • Víctor Oestreicher,
  • Martín Mizrahi and
  • Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

Graphical Abstract
  • corresponding structure. Microscopy Sample preparation The dried solids were suspended in ethanol and drop cast onto Au TEM grids covered with a lacy carbon film, and the solvent was left to evaporate. SEM samples were prepared from the same solution after 5 min of ultrasonication. The sonicated suspension was
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Published 11 Sep 2023

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

  • Robert B. Chevalier,
  • Justin Pantano,
  • Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
  • Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

Graphical Abstract
  • ) iodide, and 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazole-2-ylidene. Contrary to expectation, solutions containing the first two species in tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane caused visible loss of gold from thin-film-coated glass slides. The use of toluene solutions of all species resulted in no apparent
  • dissolution of gold. We present scanning electron micrographs and elemental imaging analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the effect of solutions of each species on the gold film. This work highlights the risk of unwanted etching during some routes to NHC-based surface functionalization
  • File 1) shows similar results after exposure of gold-coated tokens to 1 and 2 in THF and DCM. Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1) is a control for any potential effect of solvent. The areal contiguity of the film was unchanged after the longest solvent-only immersion time we used. This
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Published 21 Aug 2023

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

  • Matthias Mail,
  • Kerstin Koch,
  • Thomas Speck,
  • William M. Megill and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

Graphical Abstract
  • . The authors present a new technique that has the potential to achieve the breakthrough the researchers in the field have been searching for. This technique uses a typical industrial process in which a continuous film is run over and between rollers. The so-called roll-to-roll process takes the
  • material through a few steps. In the first step, a molten polypropylene layer is laminated onto a carrier film and run over rollers to cool down. Then the combined laminate is forced through a gap between a hot sandblasted roller and a cold smooth one. The surface roughness and temperature difference
  • create the hairy structured surface on the polypropylene side. In the final step, the structured film is separated from the carrier. The authors were able to set the hair length and density with the usual industrial control variables of speed, temperature, and gap width. The obtained result was a very
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Published 03 Aug 2023

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

  • Yi Luo,
  • Jian Liu,
  • Jiachang Zhang,
  • Yu Xiao,
  • Ying Wu and
  • Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

Graphical Abstract
  • . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound
  • improved the film-making process by adding fillers to P(VDF-TrFE), using secondary polarization, and applying other methods to enhance its piezoelectric performance. Kumar et al. prepared P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO matrix composite nanogenerators using electrospinning. Voltage and current of these nanogenerators were
  • , respectively, 2.4 times and 1.6 times greater than those of pure P(VDF-TrFE) nanogenerators [14]. Subash et al. added ZnO nanoparticles and exfoliated graphene oxide to P(VDF-TrFE) to prepare a composite nanofilm with excellent touch sensitivity and high output energy. They also used the piezoelectric film for
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Published 31 Jul 2023

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

  • Matthew L. Hancock,
  • Eric A. Grulke and
  • Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

Graphical Abstract
  • agglomerates on the edges of the lacey carbon film are nanoceria. The presence of β-hydroxybutyric acid appeared to reduce the overall number of nanoceria particles from week 0 through week 2, similar to citric acid. However, by week 4, large micrometer-sized agglomerates were detected, made up of hundreds of
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Published 27 Jun 2023
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