Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• were exposed to the different solutions by circulating the liquids containing the reagents with the aid of the peristaltic pump while the frequency response of the resonator was continuously recorded. Figure 6 shows the time evolution of the resonant frequency of a resonator subjected to the above

• washed with PBS 10 mM until the resonant frequency was stabilised. Figure 7 shows the time evolution of the resonant frequency of a resonator during the non-covalent process; again the arrows point out the times at which the different liquids are introduced in the fluidic system. In this approach, a

• with an O-ring to seal a 30 µL cavity around the active area of the device (see Figure 10). A peristaltic pump feeds the liquid into the cavity at a rate of 100 µL/min. The liquids can freely flow for washing purposes or be recirculated when the incubation times are long. The whole volume of the

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• environments. At 150 V, the maximum contact angle could be reduced by 23° by electrical wetting in a reversible manner. Li et al. [23] studied the diffusion of droplets of ionic liquids on an insulating electrode subjected to an external voltage. The catalytic effect of a vertical electric field on the

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• using ionic liquids and metal salts without the need for additional reagents, and the deposited particles did not cause significant aggregation even when these materials were taken into organic media. It is possible that a broad range of metal/semiconductor heterostructured particles can be prepared

• dimensions smaller than 10 nm are commonly reported with small deviations in the distribution of nanorod lengths. Another widely investigated approach to nanoparticle synthesis uses ionic liquids as solvents for the synthesis of nanoparticles without the need for additional stabilizing surfactants [13][14

• ][15][16][17]. The low surface tension of ionic liquids causes high nucleation rates and allows for the synthesis of small nanoparticles with minimal Ostwald ripening [17]. Further, many ionic liquids consist of a large anion with diffuse negative charge; this lack of strongly binding anionic ligands

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• performance when the immersion height of the vibrating spear is set at 1/5 of the total liquid height. Ultrasonication results in a combination of thermal, vibrational, and acoustic cavitation, i.e., the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in liquids [32][33][34]. In the center of these

Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

• nanoparticles in biological media to quantitatively predict their heating efficiency in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. In this respect we would like to stress that the behavior of an assembly of magnetic nanoparticles in viscous liquids and biological media is different [2][3]. It has been proved recently

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• vessels, they can leak from the vessels through these pores into the malignant tissue. Moreover, the accelerated growth of the tumoral mass usually compresses the lymphatic vessels that are on charge of the elimination of wastes products and liquids from the tissue and thus, the extravasated nanoparticles

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• as diiodomethane) than with polar substances. However, in contrast to both the other surfaces, the surface with 11 µm roughness showed a higher surface polarity and an improved wettability towards polar liquids such as water. As surface free energies of real solids are always influenced by surface

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• bidirectional sensitivity to flow sensing with curved artificial hair sensors. In the short term, the presented sensor platform will be investigated in liquids as well, once the sensors are embedded in a waterproof MEMS package. For future applications, we are targeting automotive, robotics, automation and air

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• , 95% purity) liquids from Sigma and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), oxygen (O2), argon (Ar) (99.99999 vol %) and ethylene (C2H4) (99.999 vol %) bottled gases from Linde. The reactive precursors used to obtain zinc-doped tin nanopowders, SnMe4 and ZnEt2, have no infrared absorption bands around the CO2

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• extensive interactions between imidazolium cations and polyiodide anions in ionic liquids doped with I2 [48] and this may be relevant to the use of ionic liquids in DSCs. The J–V curves in Figure 3 illustrate the effects on the performance of sensitizer 1 by using electrolytes with (E1–E4) and without (E1b

• JSC with little change in VOC, resulting in enhanced photoconversion efficiency. The choice of the ionic liquid in the electrolyte is critical. Of the four ionic liquids investigated and with the additive MBI present at a concentration of 0.5 M, the order of DSC performance in terms of ionic liquid is

• electrolytes with MPN (E1, E2) and MeCN (E1a, E2a) as solvents. J–V curves for DSCs containing dye 1 electrolytes E1–E4 with different ionic liquids. The solvent is MPN. J–V curves to illustrate the effects of removing the MBI additive from electrolytes E1–E4. J–V curves for DSCs with dye 1 and electrolytes E2

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• charged imidazolium dicarboxylate salts [31][32][33][34]. Contrarily to the classical imidazolium salts or ionic liquids used in ionothermal syntheses [35][36][37][38][39][40], the functionalization of imidazolium moieties with coordinating functions reduces the influence of the imidazolium salt on the

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• nanocellulose, which could be particularly useful for particle aggregation of negatively charged pollutants to coagulate and flocculate kaolin colloids as reported by Liimatainen et al. [79]. On the other hand, the utilization of green solvents (ionic liquids) as both solvent and catalyst for cellulose

• hydrolysis has become a popular alternative method for nanocellulose extraction. The extraction of nanocellulose using ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-2-methyllimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BmimHSO4), has been considered as a green approach for its economical process (due to high recovery of ionic liquid for

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• including nanodiamonds [1] and novel materials such as nitrogen-doped graphene oxide [2] and imidazolium-based ionic liquids [3] used as additives to mineral oils. Standard large-scale applications to steel surfaces, but also to a material of key importance in micro- and nanoelecromechanical systems, i.e

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• point. Molecular dynamics calculations using gold as an example resulted in a similar behavior. Qiao et al. [47] used, similarly as Chang and Johnson [35], an order parameter defined as the “translational order parameter” [48], which is 1 for perfectly crystallized materials and 0 for liquids, as a

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• ; Introduction Nanopipettes and nanocapillaries are often used as a manipulation tool for single molecules in liquids. A wide range of studies use capillaries with nanometer-sized apertures [1][2][3][4][5][6]. For example, simulated translocation with nanopipettes is currently being explored worldwide [7]. A

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• . Focusing initially on liquid lubrication, research has investigated the possibility of controlling friction in unconventional fluids, in particular the room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The RTIL microscopic structuring [106][107], and in particular their layering near surfaces [108][109][110][111

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• -earth tris(N,N′-diisopropyl-2-methylamidinato)metal(III) complexes [RE{MeC(N(iPr)2)}3] (RE(amd)3; RE = Pr(III), Gd(III), Er(III)) and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (Eu(dpm)3) induced by microwave heating in the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

• diameters of (1.5 ± 0.5) to (5 ± 1) nm. The characterization was completed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Keywords: ionic liquids; metal amidinates; rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles; rare-earth metal nanoparticles; soft wet-chemical synthesis; Introduction Rare-earth (RE) elements

• . Microwave heating and employing suitable ILs and PC as inert reaction media proved to be crucial. Ionic liquids are used as stabilizing reagents and as solvents in syntheses of nanoparticles [27][28][29][30][31]. In contrast to conventional stabilizers, such as surfactants or polymers, the ILs stabilize the

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• enables atomic-scale measurements to be performed in vacuum and in liquids, its imaging speed is relatively slow (ca. 1 min/frame). High-speed amplitude modulation AFM has been developed [23] and employed to visualize the dynamic behavior of biomolecules in liquids at 10–100 ms/frame [24]. However, its

• atomistic mechanisms of various interfacial phenomena, including thin-film formation, crystal growth and dissolution, metal corrosion, and catalytic reactions in vacuum and in liquids. This problem could be solved by enhancing the FM-AFM operation speed. The development of high-speed FM-AFM requires

• performance in FM-AFM experiments performed in liquids for both the NCH and USC cantilevers. High-speed FM-AFM imaging with true atomic resolution To investigate the applicability of the developed S-PLL to high-speed atomic-resolution imaging in a liquid, we imaged calcite dissolution in water. Figure 9a

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• conventional techniques such as absorption in liquids, the adsorptive removal of environmentally toxic gases, e.g., SO2, offers several advantages such as ease of regeneration, low maintenance and simple plant design [1][2]. Consequently, in the last few years a wide variety of adsorbents has been investigated

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• out at 60–80 °C using a magnetic stirrer (500–600 rpm). N,N-dimethyloctylamine (DMOA), monoethanolamine (MEA) or hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were used to obtain and stabilize the sols. The resulting liquids were fed into a cryogranulator where they were sprayed into a container with liquid nitrogen

• -dispersed NiO, Fe2O3, CeO2 and NaNO3 nanopowders were obtained. Figure 1 provides a description of the synthesis process of nanopowders using cryotreatment of solutions or colloids. The salt solutions, sols and microemulsions were used as liquids for further cryogenic processing. In the synthesis of metal

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• resonances of the chip, chip holder, or dither piezo [1] along with modes of fluid vibration when working in liquids [2]. The problem is accentuated at high frequencies when operating in high-viscosity liquids. A user can easily select the wrong peak resulting in increased tip–sample interaction forces or

• fluid. Magnetic excitation [13][14][15] or photothermal excitation [16][17][18][19] are more common in liquids, but require specialized instruments. Although frequently applied in microelectromechanical systems, electrostatic actuation is rarely used in scanning probe force microscopy. Reliable

• ≈ 90 μm) with a stiffness of k = 4 N·m−1 and a resonance frequency of f0 = 144.525 kHz and Qair = 36.5 is used. After immersion in water the quality factor remained high Qwater = 27.4, which enables high-resolution imaging with small interaction forces in liquids. Moreover, the clean electrostatic

Imaging of viscoelastic soft matter with small indentation using higher eigenmodes in single-eigenmode amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Miead Nikfarjam,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra,
• Santiago D. Solares and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1116–1122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.103

• the deformation-rate-dependence of viscoelastic materials. We encourage further research in this area, especially in liquids, where the softest (biological) samples find their native environment. Generalized Maxwell or Wiechert mechanical model diagram representing the relationship between stress and

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• observed in molecular liquids [1][2], but also in complex fluids such as liquid crystals [22][23], micellar or polyelectrolyte solutions [3][24][25][26][27][28][29] and particle suspensions [19][30][31][32][33]. Recent studies showed that for colloidal suspensions of charged silica nanoparticles the period

• Equation 2, is dominated by the parameter B. As mentioned already, the superposition of oscillatory structural forces and an additional repulsive term has been investigated before. The group of Perkin investigated ionic liquids in polar solvents [57][58]. In the latter using the same type of generic

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• of the exterior of a plant is the top priority, so the cells at the wound site seek to close off access to the plant interior. The lack of blood or hemolymph removes the need for clotting to prevent any loss of liquids, so the cells at the wound use hypertrophy (increase in cell size) and/or

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• directly after the deposition and by in-flight oxidation prior the deposition on substrates. The annealing favours partial embedding of the NPs into polymer films thus ensuring a high resistance against wash-out in procedures involving liquids. Controlling the deposition time gives a possibility to tune