Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• reactions are those involving the decomposition of precursor in the gas phase forming products that condense on a target. In contrast, heterogeneous reactions are those involving the decomposition of the precursors on the solid surface of a catalyst that also acts as a support. As reported by Porro et al

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• stresses at the NP surface are crucial in phase transitions below a certain critical NP size [26]. Although it is understood that, qualitatively, the surface stress generates an effect comparable to an externally applied compressive pressure on the NP, a quantitative description is missing. While there

• signifies the occurrence of a phase transition in a cluster of atoms. Additional atomic parameters are the average potential energy, force, and coordination number per atom. These quantities have also been employed as descriptors in nano-QSAR models to successfully predict the toxicity of NPs [73][74][75

• size that would yield a behaviour comparable to bulk Au. For the last case of Au NPs with a diameter of 1 nm, we observe a smooth δ curve, and the critical δ value is reached at approximately 300 K. A similar behaviour is observed for the Pt NPs. For all Pt NPs with diameter larger than 2 nm, a phase

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• 2010 with the advent of the modern soft robotics field. Traditional stiffness-switching mechanisms include phase change materials [39], jamming actuators [40], electrorheological fluids [41], and antagonistic actuators [42], but vacuum jamming has been the most popular in academic literature [43

• . © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Non-vacuum jamming based stiffness-tunable prototypes developed for use in space applications. Figure 6a–d were republished from [39] (“Controllable biomimetic adhesion using embedded phase change material

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• emulsion, or nanoprecipitation [1][4], in which copolymers are dissolved in an organic solvent, called the organic phase, and then are put into an immiscible aqueous solution, called the water phase, to form the nanoparticles. Various surfactants, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium cholate, or

• pluronic F127 (F127), can be used in the water phase to lower the surface tension of the organic phase and to produce the nanoemulsion during the homogenization process [5][6][7]. F127 is a copolymer made up of blocks of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), PEO100–PPO65–PEO100

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• , the mineralization phase begins, and new bone tissue is formed [9][14]. The main function of osteoclasts, which have properties similar to those of macrophages, is to resorb the mineralized bone matrix [13][18]. Another group of cells derived from osteoblasts are bone-lining cells, which cover the

• . In the repair phase, where the hematoma is replaced by fibrin-rich granulation tissue over time, the granulation tissue first evolves into fibrous tissue consisting of fibroblasts and then into soft callus. At this stage, new vessels, fibroblasts, intracellular material, and supporting cells begin to

• the literature including inter-surface polymerization, phase separation, drawing, self-assembly, melt blowing, template melt extrusion, forcespinning, and electrospinning [36][37][38][39][40]. Only electrospinning will be further explained in detail in order to remain within the scope. Electrospinning

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• (NiCoCr)95V5, which achieved an excellent strength and plasticity product exceeding 86 GPa·% at low temperatures [7]. Qiu et al. investigated the effects of adding Al, Ti, Mo, and W on low-temperature phase stability, mechanical properties, and deformation behavior of CoCrNi-based MEAs [8]. Strengthening

• MEA, as shown in Figure 1. FCC phase GNG CoCrNi MEA substrates with dimensions of 3 nm × 30 nm × 10 nm were used for all cases in this study. The polycrystalline samples consist of randomly oriented grains. The MEA substrates contain 25,952 Co atoms, 26,628 Cr, and 26,746 Ni atoms. Hence, the alloy

• /molecularly parallel simulator (LAMMPS) software [16][17], and the GNG model substrates were built from the ATOMSK software [18]. Deformation response, molecular structure, and atomic strain behavior were observed using the Open Visualization Tool (OVITO) software [19][20]. The mechanisms of phase transitions

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• of the MIL-100(Fe) phase in the resulting materials and to estimate the conversion of Fe2O3 into MIL-100(Fe) material. The TGA profile of Fe2O3 (Figure 6) showed only a very small weight loss in the investigated temperature range due to a small quantity of absorbed moisture in the sample. Contrarily

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• lipid phase [86] and, besides interfacial effects, contribute to the shape and curvature of the terminal layer of the attachment pad [43]. Another factor influencing effective stiffness of the cuticle is caused by depletion of these adhesive fluids. Several steps in quick succession were found to dry

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• catalyst when MoS2 and WS2 were mixed at 0.2 and 0.8 ratios, respectively. Indeed, we noticed that the phase intermixing induced a synergistic effect leading to an enhanced stability of the composite. The low-quantity catalyst loading emphasizes the economic and environmental advantages of our approach

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• delivery, catalysis, and sensors. The methodologies, developed for the first time in 1999 [1], for the production of bimetallic nanoparticles in the gas phase can be roughly classified as either simultaneous or sequential. In the first category, the materials that will be used to make the nanoparticles are

• Pd atoms. The bimetallic alloy surface was optimized (Figure 7b), and the calculated (111) interplanar distances are 2.40 Å in the bulk phase and 2.38 Å at the surface (see Figure 7c). To explore the Janus particles that involve AgPd, the Ag/AgPd and Pd/AgPd models were first optimized by

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• reactions? This is basically impossible to predict a priori since several effects come into play, for example, change in bond dissociation energies, electron density at the metal, and dipole moment. Of the possible experimental approaches to address this question, a crossed-beam gas-phase experiment

• the gas phase has been probed with respect to its dissociative ionization [10] and dissociative electron attachment [11][12]; there is even information available on its electronic excitation, which is the first step towards neutral dissociation [11]. The gas-phase studies have been complemented by

• surface-based investigations, where the electron-induced ligand loss has been probed by XPS [13], ion desorption [14], IR spectroscopy [15], or cluster-beam studies [16][17][18]. The ligand loss has also been probed by ion impact, both in the gas phase [19] and on the surface [13], and, theoretically, by

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• cells were investigated under a phase-contrast microscope (Nikon Eclipse TS100, Nikon, Japan), and photomicrographs were taken using a CCD camera (COHU, USA) to track any changes in cell morphology. Then, 100 µL of old medium was replaced in each well with 200 µL of media: positive or negative control

• , extracts from the scaffolds, or media with the same salt concentrations. After 24 and 72 h treatments, phase-contrast microscopy images were taken. The relative cell viability was determined using the WST-1 reagent (diluted in medium without phenol red (colorless) at 1:20). A volume of 200 µL of old medium

• elastic deformation phase is shortened and the Young’s modulus is increased. Therefore, the fibrous samples become more fragile. The elongation at breakpoint values (Figure 4 and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4) show the rigidity of the scaffolds. The Sr(NO3)2 salt-containing samples

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• invasive mode, the driving excitation frequency can be fixed at, or near, the free resonance frequency of the cantilever, or tracked by using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to keep the system always in resonance. If the driving excitation frequency is kept fixed, the phase variations contain information about

• capacitance signal was also recorded, as explained in [61]. Spectroscopy data were acquired using a variant of the 3D-mode dynamic force spectroscopy [62], explained in detail in [63]. Briefly, force, frequency shift, amplitude, and phase channels are recorded simultaneously at a fixed sample point as a

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed

• and Discussion The as-grown films are uniform and consist of single-phase CuO. However, they exhibit a notably high content of organic compounds, which are residues from the growth process. These residues contribute to the films’ low electrical stability and their susceptibility to temperature-induced

• , cupric CuO, cuprous Cu2O and the intermediate phase paramelaconite Cu4O3. The aforementioned phases of copper oxide have different physical and electrical properties, different colors, and crystal structures [55]. By examining the Raman spectra of copper oxide compounds, phase as well as chemical

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• = 26°, corresponding to the (101) plane of the anatase phase (JCPDS file 73-1764) (Figure 2a). As the XRD measurements were made in liquids instead of solid powders, the diffraction peaks are found to be broad and weak. The diffraction peaks of the GQDs at 2θ = 30.4° can be assigned to the (002) plane

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• (11−2) and (−112) planes were identified with 2.2 Å interlayer spacing, indicating [021] growth direction. The presence of NWs with various crystalline orientations suggests either the absence of one dominant preferential growth direction due to the low-symmetry monoclinic phase or other growth

• resulted in higher elastic modulus values, while NBs with higher width-to-height ratios showed a significant decrease in elastic modulus [22]. Although the variation of the cross-section geometry and the presence of different growth directions, related to the low symmetry of the monoclinic Ga2O3 phase and

• resonance and three-point bending methods, respectively. The measurements exhibited significant scattering, which was attributed to the variation of the cross-section geometry and the presence of different growth directions, related to the low symmetry of the monoclinic Ga2O3 phase and thus anisotropy in

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• , approaching an integer value. This reduction in frequency ratio enhances the high harmonic oscillations and improves the phase contrast during imaging [15]. The macroscale cantilever model (6 × 1 × 0.18 cm) is 266 times the size (within the error range) of the microscale cantilever dimensions. Considering the

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• to the formation of nanoparticles and can be performed in either aqueous media [4][5][14] or organic solvents [14][15][16][17][18]. Further, it is possible to synthesize metastable phase nanomaterials (NMs) that are hardly obtainable by conventional, chemical methods [19][20][21][22][23][24]. LFL

• nanocomposites based on sp-hybridized carbon chains [64]. Liang et al. specified the conditions for inhibition of phase crystallization and, hence, the formation of metallic glass nanoparticles in organic solvents, which was attributed to the carbon doping of the amorphous phase as well as carbon shell formation

• synthesis of HCN [79]. The oxidation and phase change of the target surface during LAL was initially published by Ogale et al. [80] in 1987, and nanoparticle oxidation has been addressed in the literature frequently afterwards [53][54][68][69][70]. During the plasma and cavitation bubble phase, reactive

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• flow. The arc was generated between a 316 L steel electrode and another electrode composed of graphite. The process lasted 60 min. Subsequently, the resultant material was collected, rinsed in a 1:1 mixture of water and isopropanol, and decanted for 24 h. Then, the liquid phase was filtered using a

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• but mostly contains water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances [31][32][33][34][35] creating lipid droplets in an aqueous fluid [27][36] or hydrophilic nanodroplets embedded in an oily continuous phase [23][37]. Additionally, the tarsal secretion could be a mixture of multiple substances that are

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• of the cantilever was used as detection mode at 205 kHz. The drive mode was set to 845 kHz, which equals a higher contact resonance mode. The spectra were collected with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1, and the phase-locked loop (PLL) was disabled for collecting the spectra. In addition to these

• deeper bulk phase of the substrate and more information of the near-surface region. In samples with a thicker layer of SiOx, this results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Even though the spectra of the sample with a low SiOx thickness still show sizable peaks originating from the substrate

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• by a phase-locked loop (PLL) that also guarantees a constant oscillation amplitude, A1 [10]. If the tip is far enough from the surface, that is, at distances where the strength of the tip–surface interatomic forces is negligible with respect to the restoring force induced by the excitation, its

• sensor may be described by that of an equivalent SHO of resonance frequency f1, quality factor Q1, amplitude at the resonance A1, and stiffness k1. The relevance of that approximation is verified by recording the resonance curve around f1 and checking to which extent the measured amplitude A(f) and phase

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• temperature. The deposition process was monitored by the QMS, and the integrated QMS signal was used to calculate the QA coverage θQA. It is given in numbers of monolayers (ML) of the α-phase, as explained in detail in [23]. A more detailed description of the experimental procedures can be found in [23]. The

• corresponding features in the LEED images in detail. A LEED image of QA with a coverage of θQA = 0.65 ML is illustrated in Figure 3a. It is very similar to that of the α-phase of QA/Ag(100) but contains additional spots. The α-phase is defined as the phase of parallel QA chains at a coverage of θQA = 1.0 ML, at

• which the distance b2 between the chains is minimal [23]. The model of the diffraction pattern in Figure 3b shows the spots of the known α-phase diffraction pattern in black and the new spots in gray. The reciprocal vectors of the α-phase and those of the new orientation E are depicted in red and light

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• is determined by the i-th NDD compound and the n-th NP measurement conditions. The remaining cases, f(vij(cd0), vnj(cn0))obs = 0, indicate that at least one of the abovementioned conditions fail. Definition of objective and reference functions IF phase for combining the references After we obtained

• linear and non-linear conversions of MA have been applied for NDD and NP development in previous research work [49][55][56]. The MAS is another way of expressing the combination of IF and PT cumulative procedures of NDD and NP datasets. IF phase and proposal of training and validation series subsets To

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• 700g, and the first fraction of 250–300 μL was collected. The resultant nanovesicles were sterilized by passage through a 0.22 μm sterile filter and stored at 4 °C. ALN was quantified in the aqueous phase, while phospholipids were quantified in the chloroform phase after extraction of ALN using the

• Bligh and Dyer method [77] by a colorimetric phosphate microassay [75]. Size and ζ potential of nanovesicles were determined by dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering, respectively, using a Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK). To prepare RhPE-labeled