Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• step (130 °C). Raising the temperature slightly might increase the effective refractive index of titania before lattice degradation occurs. If the process could be additionally tuned by, for example, varying process times and chemical compositions (including hybrid sol/gels), a further reduction of

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• notable stability across the studied pH range. In contrast, SO-Lipo exhibited a significant reduction in the negativity of its zeta potential (−0.86 ± 5.14 mV), consistent with the expected protonation of SO to OLA under acidic conditions. Most strikingly, AUR-Lipo underwent a critical transition, as

• reduction of resazurin to resorufin by metabolically active cells. The data reveal that Unmodified-Lipo exhibited minimal cytotoxicity at lower lipid concentrations (15.625 to 250 µM), with no statistically significant differences compared to untreated control cells (p > 0.05). However, at a concentration

• , respectively, demonstrating a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect at elevated lipid concentrations. SO-Lipo displayed a similar trend, maintaining non-significant cytotoxicity from 15.625 to 250 µM (p > 0.05), supporting the biocompatibility of the SO modification at lower concentrations. A noticeable reduction in

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• liquids was also investigated. Experimental Materials Hf sponge was produced by metallurgical operations involving solvent extraction, briquetting, carbochlorination, Kroll reduction and vacuum distillation. The sponge samples were further refined by consolidation and refining under vacuum (3–6 × 10−5

• 60°) taken in the wavelength range from 250 to 1200 nm. The black curve corresponds to the reflectance spectrum of the reference pristine Si sample; the red curve is HfNPs-T, the blue curve is HfNPs-A, and the green curve is HfNPs-D. The values of the reflectance and reduction in the UV (λ = 250 nm

• with far superior and stable optical absorption compared to similar HfC NPs synthesised in our earlier work [31]. With an increase in angle, a reduction in absorption was observed for HfNPs-D, HfNPs-T, and HfNPs-A. A decrease in absorption was also observed with an increase in wavelength at a constant

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• activity of polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with membranes, Zhang et al. (2021) tested nanoparticles loaded with gambogic acid and coated with red-blood-cell-derived membranes in colorectal cancer cells. They demonstrated a reduction in phagocytosis, increasing the circulation time of

• the nanoparticles due to the coating [63]. A similar study with nanoparticles coated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte membranes for the treatment of gastric cancer showed a reduction in macrophage uptake compared to other membrane types [64]. Other studies on nanoparticles loaded with the antitumor

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• hypolipidemic effect through a reduction in LDL cholesterol, despite preserving synthetic functions of the liver. Fe3O4 NPs enhance GPx activity, which is attributed to their peroxidase-like enzyme-mimetic properties, while concurrently preserving the architecture of liver tissue. Taking the above into account

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• purification. Before the experiment, glassware was cleaned with aqua regia and rinsed twice with double distilled (DD) water. Methods Tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticle synthesis using ʟ-carnosine Silver nanoparticles with tunable plasmon wavelength were synthesized using a wet-chemical reduction approach

• -chemical reduction approach. The precursor metal salt was reduced in the presence of the stabilizing or capping agent. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the ʟ-car-AgNP synthesis. The sample ʟ-car-AgNP1 was synthesized at room temperature by sequentially mixing water, NaOH, ʟ-carnosine, AgNO3

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• chemical reduction of metal ions through biological compounds can be used to synthesize non-toxic and environmentally safe “green” insecticide alternatives in the form of metal-based nanoparticles [15]. A promising option are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained through synthesis from natural extracts

• containing secondary metabolites that act as reducing and stabilizing agents. Among these metabolites, alkanes, aromatics, phenols, ethers, amines, and amides stand out for their role in the reduction, stabilization, and capping of silver nanoparticles [11][16][17][18][19]. Compounds of natural origin are

• on naturally occurring biomaterials have been used as an alternative to obtain metallic nanoparticles [32][33]. These do not involve any toxic chemicals and require less energy and synthesis time. Simple protocols have been used involving the reduction of metal ions using biological extracts as

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• Ω and significantly better conductivity [37], to the (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE led to reduction to about a third in Rct. This reduction in charge transfer resistance is advantageous for the enhancement of electrochemical oxidation on the electrode surface. Electrochemical behaviour of enrofloxacin on the (Cu

• voltammogram in ENR-free blank solution with no electrochemical response for ENR. In phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing ENR, there is a peak at 0.85 V on all four electrodes, attributed to the oxidation of ENR during the anodic scanning. No reduction peak was observed, revealing that the

• present in the analytical solution. Figure 13 illustrates that, at a concentration 100 times higher than that of ENR, ions including K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, HCO3−, and CH3COO− had a negligible impact on the ENR signal, leading to a reduction in the ENR signal of less than 5

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• profiles. The cell culture studies indicated that the targeted PLHNPs showed much greater cell uptake in MDA-MB-435s cells by integrin receptor-medicated endocytosis than the non-targeted PLHNPs. The targeted PLHNPs showed a significant reduction in IC50 value (by ≈50%) compared to the non-targeted PLHNPs

• . The hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidemic activity of the developed PLHNPs was evaluated in NAFLD-bearing PNPLA3 I148M transgenic mice. The developed PLHNPs showed a significant reduction in blood lipid levels, enhanced liver function, and decreased accumulation of lipids in the livers of mice. The

• HPN dispersion. The developed HPN-cPLHNPs gels showed much better wound healing activity with a significantly higher reduction in wound size after topical application for 14 days in comparison with the conventional HPN gel. Emodin Emodin (EDN) is a natural anthraquinone compound found in various

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• irradiated with He+ ions, their amorphization leads to a reduction in nanohardness, and this reduction is strongly correlated with the grain size [12]. Phase instability (radiation-induced amorphization) is observed in zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2) embedded in nanocrystalline composites. ZrO2 nanoparticles

• nanomaterials with phase change and reduction in surface tension serve as suitable systems for elucidation and comparison. In summary, there is a competition among various energetic factors influencing phase stability and transformations in HDCMs during irradiation. These factors include (i) the bulk

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• ψ-graphene at strain levels of −15% and −6% (Table 2). The bond length d1, which was 1.51 Å in the absence of deformation, undergoes a considerable reduction under compression in the lattice plane. This bond length decreases until it reaches the lowest value of 1.27 Å at −10% strain level. The

• slight reduction in the lattice parameters, was found to be sufficient for a metal-to-semiconductor transition in ψ-graphone (Figure 3). These results indicate the extreme sensitivity of the ψ-graphone crystal structure to mechanical strain (tensile or compressive). As the magnitude of strain increases

• beyond −1%, the bandgap increases and reaches a stable value of 2.31 eV within a negative strain range of −5% to −7%. However, beyond the −7% strain level, a continuous reduction is observed in the bandgap, which continues up to −16% strain. At this level, the bandgap becomes 0.7 eV, signifying the

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• sputtering of deposited material [21][22][25]. Recently, it was reported that the ion identity plays a major role in FIBID of Pt from MeCpPtMe3 [41]. In this study, Pt(IV) reduction from Ne+ and Ar+ bombardment resulted in the loss of four CH3 groups, whereas He+ and H2+ bombardment resulted in the loss of

• 73 and 71 eV, respectively. This shift indicates Pt reduction from Pt(II) to a Pt species that resembles Pt(0) [66][67]. As the ion dose increases, the intensity of these two new Pt peaks increases, while the intensity of the Pt(II) peaks associated with the parent compound decreases. At an Ar+ dose

• comparison of the CO loss and Pt(II) reduction from Pt(CO)2Cl2 as functions of the Ar+ dose. Both data sets are fit to a first-order kinetic decay profile producing very similar reaction cross sections of 8.5 × 10−15 and 1.9 × 10−14 cm2, respectively. Figure 4 shows how the photoelectron spectrum of Pt(CO

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• –PFD compared to BSA and a ≈40% reduction in FXII activation on PDA–FDT–PFD compared to glass. This suggests that there is FXII coming down onto the surface of our coating and activating, though to a lesser degree than on glass. However, we observed no difference in FXII activation between PDA and

• , previous studies investigating SLIPS-induced fibrin polymerization found a significant reduction compared to bare surfaces [4]. There was significant variation between donors and between runs, but the trends remained consistent. Differences between runs were not of interest, so data was normalized to the

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• sensitivity of the microcalorimeter. Our Hf films demonstrate superconductivity at half of the thickness of Ir films [12], allowing for the reduction of the detector volume. Moreover, hafnium is inexpensive in comparison with iridium. Another point is that the technology of Hf deposition, developed in our

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• sculptured and thick cuticle of some hymenopterans is also associated with increased resistance to fractures and high pressures [16] and may also potentially reduce water loss [17][18]. Alternative hypotheses yet to be tested for the function of such complex cuticle sculpturing is the air drag reduction

• to a reduction in electronic waste, as devices retain their visual appeal over a longer period. The techniques to create biomimetic materials with color producing mechanisms inspired by insects already exist [29][30] and applications of such technology have several possibilities. Hairs The body

• up to 90%, deflecting incoming air and create a zone of stagnant air, potentially helping in the deployment of sensors outdoors, where they are strongly subjected to airborne dust [19]. The detailed study of hymenopteran hairs can be useful in fabricating new surfaces with friction reduction

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• synthesized using wet chemical reduction, as shown in Figure 1a. A unique feature of CTAB is its robust and selective binding to certain crystal facets of metal surfaces that define the growth and nucleation of nanoparticles. CTAB on metal surfaces plays a key role in nanoparticle stabilization but hinders

• , no flattening or aggregation of silver nanoparticles was noticed (Figure 4e,f). The decrease in the intensity of silver nanoparticles might be due to less CTAB on the nanoparticles’ surface or a decrease in CTAB CMC value. As reported elsewhere, the reduction in CTAB CMC is associated with NaCl

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• characteristics made TA attractive to nanomaterial synthesis and functionalization for applications in nanomedicine, sensors, electronics, and composites [25][26][27]. In these different fields, TA has been applied in green alternative methods of GO synthesis and physicochemical modifications (e.g., reduction and

• (15 mL, 30% w/w) is added to complete the oxidation of graphite and the reduction of residual KMnO4; the mixture is left under stirring overnight. At the end, the material is precipitated by centrifugation and washed with H2SO4 (3.0%) and H2O2 (0.5%) to remove residues of oxidants and inorganic

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• simulated solar light, as follows: 0.003 g powder was suspended in 3 mM solution of 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide; its reduction by the photogenerated O2‾ leads to the formation of formazan. This is signaled by a broad peak located at 470 nm. The UV–vis spectra were

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• before and after FIB milling at 393 K (100 K above ambient), respectively. (e) Von Mises strain (in MPa) around the formed RoI, showing concentration of strain around edges and near the cantilevers, indicating areas suitable for strain reduction. RoI of an opMEMS (a) before and (b) after FIB alignment

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• affect Ms [39][40]. In reports [41][42], APBs in Fe3O4 thin films lead to the reduction of saturation magnetization compared to bulk Fe3O4 (510 emu/cm3) [29]. Therefore, sample 3 has the highest Ms because of the smallest number of APBs among all samples. Using a double buffer layer of MgO/Ta to lower

• buffer layer is nearly 3.5 times larger than that in sample 2, the number of APBs in sample 3 is the smallest, resulting in the reduction in Hc of sample 3 compared to the Hc value of sample 2. Conclusion Fe3O4 films were prepared on different substrates of SiO2/Si(100), MgO(100), and MgO/Ta/SiO2/Si(100

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• from each sample were cut out. The preparation of samples for analysis by LC-MS/MS was performed according to previously described protocols [34][35]. Briefly, the protein bands were bleached with a destaining solution and dehydrated in acetonitrile. Reduction and alkylation of disulfide bridges were

• greater intensity for the SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (Figure 1g). This reduction indicates that the functionalization process was successful and that folate remained active and could bind to the receptor. Based on the analytical curve (R2 = 0.9997 and sensitivity = 73800.9, arbitrary fluorescence units per mg·mL–1

• (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 and Supporting Information File 2). Albumin was the major protein identified in pure DMEM (10% FBS); however, there was a significant reduction in the amount of this protein in the hard corona of SiO2NPs, especially non-functionalized ones (Figure 2j). Although albumin

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• AuNPs exhibited uniform size with an average diameter of 10.0 nm. The nanocomposites facilitated the recyclable reduction of organic dyes, including 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange, employing NaBH4 as the reducing agent. Kinetic studies further underscored the potential of this

• nanocomposite as a versatile catalyst with promising applications across various industrial sectors. Keywords: catalysis; gold nanoparticles; organic dyes; organometallic nanocomposites; reduction; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have garnered significant attention because of their exceptional

• physicochemical properties and diverse potential chemical applications [1][2][3]. The conventional synthesis of AuNPs typically involves the chemical reduction of Au3+ ions using various reducing agents and stabilizers [4][5]. However, many of these chemicals are highly reactive, posing risks to both the

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• effects also manifest through a reduction in koff while kon remains unaffected. Importantly, a prolonged residence time may prove beneficial when targeting the tumor vasculature, as the targeted usNPs would remain bound to their receptors even as most of the circulating particles are cleared from the body

• for PC3pip and PC3flu tumor-bearing mice treated with targeted AuNCs or PBS, with or without radiation. Significant reduction in tumor growth was observed in the PC3pip model 18 days after treatment with targeted AuNCs plus radiation. The figure was adapted from [129], D. Luo et al., “Targeted Gold

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• shorter than the 1 ns cool down time constant for 30 keV ions [17]. The results indicate that, in the case of 5 keV ions, there might be sufficient time for the induced heat to dissipate between ion impacts or to at least allow for a significant reduction in induced heat before a subsequent ion impact. At

• keV). By reducing the ion energy from 30 to 5 keV, the loss to heat can be reduced by a factor of six, while the sputtering speed is only reduced by a factor of two. The reduction in energy allows the operator to use nanoampere beam currents, which addresses the drawback of the previously reported

• approach of unfeasibly long patterning times. The results suggest that an additional reduction in ion beam current and applying blur and reduced overlap, when using low ion energies, can further reduce the induced heat. Using that combination might be required for processing materials exhibiting an even

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• of the absorber thickness on almost all parameters. The PCE increases from 27.4% to 28.11%, and the short-circuit current Jsc value reaches up to 28.86 mA·cm−2. We observed that there is a significant reduction in FF and Voc at higher absorber thicknesses, primarily because of the increasing series