Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• surface roughness and are far more cost-effective. The significant influence of mechanical properties on identical fiber designs has also been extensively studied by our group and others, including work on shape memory polymers (SMPs) for biomimetic pillars [29]. These uniformly mushroom-shaped SMP fibers

• left to accomplish for grippers, fasteners, and other adhesive mechanisms using biologically inspired techniques from more than one animal simultaneously. Beyond merely serving as an adhesive surface, mushroom-shaped biomimetic fibers can be functional in ways entirely absent in nature. This concept

• the channels but also directed the liquid metal flow via Laplace barriers within the channels, offering a mechanism by which we could precisely control the filling of a liquid with very high surface tension [36] (Figure 5). Additionally, small subfeatures within the microfluidic channels could allow

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• nanoprecipitation technique, resulting in small size, high homogeneity, and negative surface charge. Importantly, the folate-targeted nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced uptake and cytotoxicity in folate receptor-positive cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HepG-2) compared to folate receptor-negative cells (HEK 293

• pluronic F127 (F127), can be used in the water phase to lower the surface tension of the organic phase and to produce the nanoemulsion during the homogenization process [5][6][7]. F127 is a copolymer made up of blocks of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), PEO100–PPO65–PEO100

• increased, respectively, to 372 nm and 0.486 for F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780, and, respectively, to 288 nm and 0.663 for F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780. The increase in nanoparticle size could be the result of protein absorption the nanoparticle surface [38]. However, the absorption of protein from the cell culture

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix, facilitating osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone regeneration

• bone forms the outer surface of all bones; it gives strength, provides great resistance to external forces, and determines the shape of the bone. In contrast, cancellous bone is mostly found at the ends of long bones and forms the inner part of the compact bone. Cancellous bone is quite strong and

• irregular porous network structure is observed [17]. The porous structure of cancellous bone offers a high surface area and, therefore, provides ease of movement due to its low density. It is also more elastic than compact bone. Besides, with the help of the trabecular architecture of thin rods and plates

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• damage is limited to a shallow layer at the surface. Since thermal energy is generated in the high grain boundary density, the temperature of the contact zone between the substrate and the cutting tool increases as the GNG size decreases. The cutting chips removed from the GNG CoCrNi MEA substrates will

• through grain refinement can increase the strength further without adjusting the composition. Wei et al. used a mechanical surface abrasion treatment to prepare a CoCrNi MEA with a grain-size-gradient structure with excellent strain hardening potential compared with spark plasma sintering fine-grained

• radius was fixed at 1 nm to analyze the surface morphology, atomic-scale wear, shear strain distribution, temperature distribution, and crystal structure evolution during cutting. Figure 2a–f shows the atoms that pile-up on the surface of the CoCrNi MEA substrates. The number of wear atoms during cutting

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• medicine, electronics, and environmental science. Understanding the structural aspects of surface modifiers in nanoparticles that govern their cellular uptake is crucial for optimizing their efficacy and minimizing potential cytotoxicity. The cellular uptake is influenced by multiple factors, namely, size

• , shape, and surface charge of NPs, as well as their surface functionalization. In the current study, classification-based ML models (i.e., Bayesian classification, random forest, support vector classifier, and linear discriminant analysis) have been developed to identify the features/fingerprints that

• dimensions within the range of 1 to 100 nm [2]. The diminutive size of nanoparticles contributes to a significantly high surface area with respect to volume, resulting in enhanced reactivity, improved stability, and augmented functionality. In the field of nanomaterials, ENMOs are a notable subset. These

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• resulting material, resulting in a high yield of 81% and an impressive BET surface area of 1365.4 m2·g−1. At 25 °C and 1 bar, M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.80 showed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.10 mmol·g−1 and an IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity of 18, outperforming conventional adsorbents in CO2/N2 separation

• -organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-ordered porous hybrid structures assembled from the fundamental components of metal ion clusters and organic linkers. MOFs are well known as multipurpose materials that serve a broad range of applications because of their unique construction variants, enormous surface

• diameters of 2.5 and 2.9 nm, which may accommodate guest molecules entering through pentagon (0.47–0.55 nm) and hexagon (0.86 nm) apertures; this is an extremely porous channel system with immense surface area and pore volume [10][12]. Furthermore, MIL-100(Fe) is also widely recognized for its low

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• example, post-deposition treatment using O2 as oxidizing gas (in combination with electron-beam exposure) of PtCx material deposited from MeCpPtMe3 resulted in the purification of the top surface of the deposit only [36]. In contrast, using water as the oxidizing gas (in combination with electron beam

• , only when injecting water after the injection of the Pt precursor, purification was achieved. In that case, Pt precursor adsorbed on the inner surface of the nozzle was carried by the subsequent water flux and deposited. Unfortunately, these experimental conditions cannot be very well controlled

• temperature (24 °C) to minimize the precursor flux. Because of the low vapour pressure of the Pt precursor at 24 °C and the remote position of the Pt GIS nozzle, the deposition of platinum is limited by adsorption and surface diffusion of the precursor molecules [51]. A high water flux was necessary for the

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• different attachment mechanisms evolved in insects, namely, hairy pads consisting of flexible setae, which adapt to the surface topography, and smooth pads possessing a soft and deformable cuticle to comply with the substrate profile [9]. Both pad types, hairy and smooth, aim to maximize contact area with

• the substrate as the contact area of the pad is proportional to adhesion [10][11][12]. For rough substrates, the pads are complemented by a pair of rigid claws used for friction interlocking with surface asperities and ensuring attachment, but claws perform poorly on smooth surfaces [13]. The ability

• to fly, they adapted strongly to their local environment [11][19][22][23]. Phasmids have evolved considerably depending on plants since pre-angiosperm times [24]. As plants display a huge range of different surface characteristics [25][26][27][28], the diversity of microstructures on phasmatodean

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• component of the nanoform (core, surface, or structure) and also experimental features (related to the nanomaterial’s behavior, preparation, or test conditions) that indirectly reflect its structure. Keywords: descriptors; nanomaterials; nano-QSAR; QSAR; toxicity; Introduction Computational techniques of

• , namely, composition, impurities, surface treatment functionalization, size, shape, and surface area [10]. One of the challenges in nano-QSAR modelling, and in the modelling of NMs in general, is the definition and the identification of what a single NM is. Discrete organic molecules can be fully

• compositions (Figure 2) formed by different parts such as (i) the core (the inner part of the NM and most of its weight), (ii) the shell (the composition of the surface that interacts with the solvent and biological molecules), (iii) impurities or dopants (minor components deposited on the surface or

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• results. Second, the placement position and geometrical parameters (height, width, and spacing) of microtextures with lower energy loss were determined by our simulation of microtextures on the blade surface, and the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed. Triangular ribs with a height of 0.2 mm, a width

• moving animals, such as the “denticles” found on the surface of shark skin, which enable high-speed swimming [2], as well as the texture of bird feathers [3]. The phenomenon of drag reduction can also be observed on the surface of plants. For example, there is a superhydrophobic structure on the surface

• ]. Lang et al. [8] constructed rectangular and sinusoidal grooves with 2 mm in width, 3 mm in depth, and 1 mm in spacing, thus mimicking the transverse grooves on the surface of dolphin skin. They observed the effect of the grooves on flow separation and boundary layer using digital particle image

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• cost-effective technology. By harnessing impinging photons, the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants takes place at the interface between the photocatalyst surface and the MB-contaminated electrolyte. The photon energy is the driving force for breaking down the MB compound leading to its removal [9

• cocatalysts. Their catalytic properties can be tailored based on their crystal structure, their surface area, and their morphology [12][13]. When TMD catalysts are intermixed, they form semiconductor–semiconductor junctions, enhancing their photocatalytic properties by promoting charge separation and electron

• transport [14][15]. At each stage of the photocatalytic process sequence, the intermixing of TMD materials is intended to efficiently enhance light absorption, photogeneration of charge carriers, and activation of the surface redox reaction [16][17]. Furthermore, TMD materials are known to possess favorable

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• not have. For instance, the distinct sides of Janus nanoparticles can be functionalized with different surface chemistries, allowing for controlled interactions with different molecules, surfaces, or biological entities; this feature may be particularly useful in applications as diverse as drug

• nanoparticles, by the wet reduction method using palladium and silver hydroxide colloids as precursors, to study hydrogen absorption; the size of these BNPs was 6–7 nm. However, inhomogeneous nanoparticles were obtained because Ag fractions were found on the surface, which were increased by heating the samples

• constraints until the forces were less than 0.02 eV/Å. To consider surface effects, we break the symmetry along the z axis by introducing a vacuum space of 20 Å to preclude surface self-interaction. The Brillouin zone for the 3D bulk phases was sampled with an 8 × 8 × 8 k-points mesh under the Monkhorst–Pack

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• . Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum. Keywords: electron collision; focused electron beam-induced deposition

• surface-based investigations, where the electron-induced ligand loss has been probed by XPS [13], ion desorption [14], IR spectroscopy [15], or cluster-beam studies [16][17][18]. The ligand loss has also been probed by ion impact, both in the gas phase [19] and on the surface [13], and, theoretically, by

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• 8 h; however, only 50% of the zinc acetate was dissolved. In addition, antibacterial activity tests were performed with four different bacterial strains relevant to skin surface injuries, leading to the appearance of inhibition zones around the scaffold discs in most cases. We also investigated the

• has several functions in the human body, including wound healing [15][16]. Nanofibers produced by electrospinning have beneficial structural attributes, such as elevated porosity, high specific surface area, and nanoscale fiber dimensions; thus, adequately mimicking the ECM and promoting cellular

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• mechanism arises from the surface conductivity and assumes significance specially in the context of 2D materials on insulating supports. In such scenarios, the oscillating tip induces in-plane charge currents that in many circumstances constitute the main dissipative contribution to amplitude reduction and

• of surface charges and their intricate interaction with the tip. Keywords: 2D materials; incorrect height measurements; Joule dissipation; surface conductivity; tip influence; Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a promising platform for next-generation electronic devices [1

• has sparked considerable interest spanning from fundamental research to practical device applications. The distinctive physical and chemical properties of 2D materials, composed of one atom- or a few atom-thick sheets, stem from their thin, flat structure, providing an exceptional surface-to-volume

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• a dark environment to ensure proper dispersion of the CQDs in aqueous media and the adsorption of the dye on the CQD surface. After the stirring period of 20 min, the solution absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 250–800 nm. This measurement marked the start

• underlines the influence of biomass source and synthesis parameters on the resulting CQD dimensions. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy The surface chemical groups of the samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Figure 3a displays the FTIR spectrum of the CQDs synthesized with grape pomace. Since

• recombination of electron–hole pairs, quantum effects, surface functional groups, surface states, molecular states, and fluorophores exhibiting differing degrees of π-conjugation. Generally, CQDs comprise a carbon-core domain and surface domains [29]. In the context of PL processes in CQDs, the emission of

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• , which effectively eliminated the issue. Comprehensive surface analysis confirmed the procedure’s ability to yield continuous films in which the content of organic compounds responsible for the formation of cracks significantly decreases. Structural analysis underscored the achieved improvements in the

• procedure are denoted as “1×”, “2×”, and “3×”, depending on the number of HT+RTA cycles. It is worth highlighting that re-executing the hydrothermal processes does not necessitate any supplementary preparation of samples, for example, surface re-nucleation. Measurement equipment CuO thin films were

• , which allowed for the investigation of both topography and electrical properties of the films. Surface topography analysis was performed by utilizing an atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in Peak Force Tapping mode. The surface was scanned at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 measurement points using a

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev Nikolai I. Borgardt Roman L. Volkov Yuri A. Chaplygin National Research University of Electronic Technology - MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.15.61 Abstract The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam

• ; multilayer substrate; silicon; silicon dioxide; sputtering; Introduction The focused ion beam (FIB) technique is an effective method for surface nanostructuring. It is based on the local removal of material by sputtering with a narrow beam of, typically, gallium ions. This feature of the FIB method makes it

• possible to deterministically produce a nanoscale topography on the surface of almost any substrate [1]. FIB milling was originally established in semiconductor technology [2] and materials science applications [3]. Now it is increasingly used for fabrication of complex micro- and nanoscale structures and

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• GQDs were observed by using a JEM 2100 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Joel, Japan. Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed on a WiTec, Alpha 300R with a 532 nm laser. Surface analyses of the obtained materials were carried out using a S-4800 scanning electron

• solution, and acetic acid solution in appropriate ratios. To prepare a TiO2/GQDs-modified glassy carbon electrode (TiO2/GQDs-GCE), 5 mL of TiO2/GQDs suspension in water (0.1 mg/mL) was cast onto the surface of the bare GCE. The modified electrode was allowed to dry naturally for some hours at ambient

• , the IP values for URI and HYP are 3.787 ± 0.535 μA (n = 3) and 4.193 ± 0.318 μA (n = 3), respectively (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c,d). This phenomenon shows that URI and HYP quickly adsorb on the surface of the modified electrode at the beginning of the measurement. Therefore, when the

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• of the dimension, leading to overestimation of the elastic modulus, which can be mistaken for the “size effect” [18]. The onset diameter of this size effect, when the surface contribution towards the NW stiffening is becoming significant, has been conflictingly reported to be around 10–40 nm and

• below [18][30]. In this work, most of the NWs had width values above 50 nm; therefore, elastic moduli variations from the bulk value due to surface contributions should be negligible in this case. The primary source of error is attributed to a nonuniform geometry (axial dimension deviations and

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the

• weakens. Our previously proposed bridge/cantilever coupled system is shown in Figure 1b. This model divides the rectangular cantilever beam into two parts by applying a support to the bottom surface while applying an excitation force to the left part. With the bottom support point of the cantilever as the

• effect of clamping the probe on the modal response of the cantilever in practice, we define a cantilever model with left clamping fixation and selective support in the center; its lower surface is shown in Figure 3. When the bottom surface is not constrained by the support, it is the traditional

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance

• -known noble metal materials whose resonance occurs in both visible and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, rendering pertinence in various disciplines such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical sensors, fluorescence (SPR) sensor chips, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensors

• absorb NIR/IR wavelengths show efficient heat-generating capability. It is due to the strong absorption and scattering of light from visible to NIR/IR region that has brought radical advancement in the field of biomedical sciences. The manifestation of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• , reversible adhesion, and surface modulation (e.g., superhydrophobicity). This review will present various functions that biological hairs have been discovered to carry out, with the hairs spanning across six orders of magnitude in size, from the millimeter-thick fur of mammals down to the nanometer-thick

• the fact that, with respect to certain characteristics, organisms are scaled copies of each other [6]. For example, as expected from isometry, the total surface area of a salamander was found to scale with [7], and the same scaling was found for the total area of adhesive pads of animals within the

• experience is only ≈10−5 °C [37]. Additionally, even if a cell of the same size was capable of maintaining a 10-µm-thick air layer (with thermal conductivity of 3 × 10−3 W·m−1·K−1) along its surface, following steady-state one-dimensional heat conduction, it could still only experience a temperature

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water. Keywords: alloy; photochemistry; pyrolysis; radicals; surface chemistry; Introduction Since the first

• reactions are needed. Furthermore, properties such as surface structure or crystallinity can be tailored by adjusting experimental conditions while retaining the initial chemical composition of the educt material [13]. LSPC can be classified into the method variants of laser ablation in liquid (LAL), laser

• liquid. Hereby, in ideal cases that fulfill the “purity” claim, the liquid shall not be degraded into reaction products that may adsorb to the nanoparticle surface as they are difficult to remove afterward. Here, water is less critical than organic solvents, where liquid hydrocarbons and other species

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• , possibly due to surface oxidation of the powder. This observation can explain the presence of the 340 cm−1 peak, indicative of anatase formation. Additionally, the Raman spectra reveal vibrations resulting from nitrogen and titanium deficiencies within the TiN structure. Specifically, the peak at 253 cm−1