Graphene–graphite hybrid epoxy composites with controllable workability for thermal management

• Idan Levy,
• Eyal Merary Wormser,
• Maxim Varenik,
• Matat Buzaglo,
• Roey Nadiv and
• Oren Regev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 95–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.9

• two composite samples. While heating up, the sensor measures the temperature increase inside the sample over time. The time-dependent change in temperature is used to calculate the TD and thermal conductivity of the measured material. The measurements were conducted in air at 25 °C [67]. Electron

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• of deformation mechanisms of the substrate in the pull-off and sliding of our adhesives could be further investigated by varying the pull-off or sliding speed, since the strain rates of both substrate and adhesives are time dependent. Conclusion We used a facile, out-of-the-cleanroom method to

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• enhancement in X-ray intensity from a water film was observed under double-pulse excitation with a pre-pulse ahead of the main pulse [26][27]. The pre-pulse irradiation with relatively low intensity induces a time-dependent laser-induced plasma (in the range of picoseconds) and ablation (in the range of

• solution surface for different Δt up to 15 ns [28]. Analyses of the relation between the time-dependent X-ray generation and the optimum laser irradiation position are still missing for other aqueous solutions, especially for experiments under ambient pressure. Previous studies, mostly with solid targets

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• distribution on the nanoparticle plates. One of the ways to go beyond this classical model is to add to the Maxwell’s FDTD method the quantum-mechanical description of the near-field distribution by using the time-dependent Schrödinger equations [10]. However, here one of the difficulties lies in the

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• FEBID process, a more detailed look reveals a rather high degree of complexity. During a deposition event at a predefined beam position, precursor molecules are consumed, so that the precursor coverage on all exposed surface areas is space- and time-dependent. Since the deposition rate depends on both

• the available SEs and the available precursor molecules, the deposition rate also becomes space- and time-dependent. After some characteristic time, depending, e.g., on the precursor flux and the precursor type, surface diffusion leads to a replenishment in all of those regions where the precursor

• DEs in a time-dependent fashion. For a fully satisfying solution this naturally leads again to a simulation-assisted algorithm. Here we follow a simpler strategy which works on a frame-to-frame basis and needs no preprocessing of the geometry file. Conceptually one would like to sort the DEs in one

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• -15) cancer cells at 48.5 μg/mL treatment. The apoptotic induction of CaP@5-FU NPs was confirmed with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and by examining the morphological changes with Hoechst and rhodamine B staining in a time-dependent manner. The apparent membrane bleb formation was

• track the morphological changes occurring in the cells after treatment with CaP@5-FU NPs in a time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33342 can effectively stain the nucleic acid and specifically identify changes in the nucleus, whereas rhodamine B stains the cytoplasmic vesicles uniformly, enabling the

Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer

• Vilgelmina Stepkova and
• Jiří Hlinka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2356–2360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.220

• ferroelectric Bloch walls encountering a layer of paraelectric material by means of phase-field simulation. This technique allows the relaxed domain wall profiles to be predicted by simulated annealing of the system based on numerical solution of material-specific time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire

• the walls in the simulation box, but there were no real constrains introduced there, only the natural limitations resulting from the standard protocol of simulated annealing procedure, governed by the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation. The hysteresis loop shown in Figure 8 has been calculated

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• inset of Figure 5) and that indicate a magnetization reversal through movement of domain walls. This specific magnetization reversal involving a very fast moving of transversal domains walls (400 nm in about 10−9 s) in case of nanowires of 40 nm diameter has been investigated in [33] through time

• -dependent micromagnetic simulations. Such a fast movement of the domain walls cannot be sensed in a static hysteresis loop, which will change “instantaneously” the direction of the magnetization at the “switching field” similar to the case of a S–W-like coherent rotation. Moreover, there is an equivalent

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• accumulate near the crystal surface due to band bending effects. Time-dependent changes of the surface potential occurring under illumination on the scale of a few seconds reveal the existence of slow ion-migration mechanisms. Lastly, photopotential decay at the sub-millisecond time scale related to the

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiO_x/Si/Au system

• Christiane Petzold,
• Marcus Koch and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

• on oxidized silicon surfaces, although we found evidence for atomic rearrangement in the course of scanning. We conclude that the contact formation with the gold surface is too fast and the contact too compliant to reveal contact ageing as holding-time-dependent static friction. For friction between

Spatial Rabi oscillations between Majorana bound states and quantum dots

• Jun-Hui Zheng,
• Dao-Xin Yao and
• Zhi Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1527–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.143

• where we can obtain a series of secular equations by inserting the ansatz solution back into the Schrödinger equation, where l = 0, ±1, and the Fourier transformed components of the Hamiltonian Hl are Now the problem of solving a time-dependent Schrödinger equation is transformed to a problem of solving

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• either transmitted or scattered back, leading to time-dependent current fluctuations [16]. In the framework of Landauer formalism [17][18], shot noise depends on the number of conduction channels, i, across the examined junction and the transmission probability of each channel, τi. When an applied

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• , two experiments are reported: First the diffusion of a mixture of GFP (green fluorescent protein, mass 26.9 kDa) and TG (thyreoglobulin, mass 660–690 kDa) through the membrane is recorded. The green data points represent the time-dependent fluorescence intensity of GFP molecules that have passed the

Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Sascha Sadewasser,
• Nicoleta Nicoara and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1272–1281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.119

• pulses, the resulting time-dependent electrostatic forces are very complex and result in intricate mixing of frequencies that may, in some cases, have a component at the detection frequency, leading to falsified KPFM measurements. Additionally, we performed fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses that

• simplest approach, time-dependent changes in the CPD are observed in real time in a point measurement following an excitation pulse. Sadewasser et al. [13] studied light-induced changes in a CuGaSe2 semiconductor used in photovoltaic applications. The authors measured the surface photovoltage (SPV) – the

• performed numerical dynamics simulations of the cantilever oscillation in KPFM subjected to a bias-modulated signal. We consider square bias pulses, as well as exponentially raising and falling pulses. For square pulses, the resulting time-dependent electrostatic forces are very complex and result in

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• different temperatures, and showed how the static friction and contact stiffness depend on the contact area. They observed “contact aging” due to stress-aided, thermally activated atomic rearrangement processes. The term “contact aging” [6] is related to time-dependent atomic reconstructions at the

Imaging of viscoelastic soft matter with small indentation using higher eigenmodes in single-eigenmode amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Miead Nikfarjam,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra,
• Santiago D. Solares and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1116–1122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.103

• having f1 ≈ 45 kHz and k1 ≈ 5.80 N/m. Polystyrene with 33 kDa molecular weight diluted to 2.5 wt % in THF was used, which was spin-coated onto a silicon wafer at 1400 rpm for 60 s. We have selected a polystyrene of low molecular weight to prepare a sample that displays time-dependent behavior within the

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• pentafluoropropionate were investigated with respect to their dwell-time-dependent deposition behavior and growth characteristics. While silver 2,2-dimethylbutyrate showed a strong depletion in the center of the impinging electron beam profile hindering any vertical growth, silver pentafluoropropionate indicated a

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• quantify the amount of dye degraded. The time-dependent absorption spectra of RhB solutions degraded by the CTCN heterojunction photocatalyst under different light sources are depicted in Figure 9a–c and those for bare g-C3N4 and CT, including the control experiments performed without catalyst, are

• heterojunction. Photoluminescence spectra of g-C3N4, CT and CTCN heterojunction. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption curves for (a) g-C3N4 (b) CT and (c) CTCN heterojunction; BET surface area plots for (d) g-C3N4 (e) CT and (f) CTCN heterojunction. Time-dependent absorption spectra of RhB degradation with the CTCN

• , f) the modified Freundlich model for RhB degradation with different photocatalysts under (a, d) UV light, (b, e) visible light and (c, f) sunlight irradiation. Time-dependent absorption spectra of BPA degradation under sunlight irradiation (a) pure BPA (without catalyst) and (b) using CTCN

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• the nanoparticles in the colloidal solution as a function of the reaction time (t): where abs∞ represents the absorbance saturation value, and the constants k and n are, respectively, the apparent rate constant and the Avrami exponent. Zhou et al. [32] write n as where a denotes the time-dependent

Dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal mixtures with quantum dots in electric fields

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Octavian Danila

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 399–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.39

•  3. When a dynamic study of the mixture is made, the total free energy density must also take into account the dissipative time-dependent term, and the total free energy becomes: By applying the Euler–Lagrange equation and assuming that θ is small we obtain: where θzz = ∂2θ/∂z2. Considering the

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• diffusion coefficients D||2 (black scatter plot) and d are determined by the difference of D||2 in x- and y-direction and the standard deviation of d, respectively. The range of time dependent diffusion coefficients D||2,α(Δt) for 1.25 ms < Δt < 31.25 ms is plotted for d < 120 nm (blue bars). For greater

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• pixel exposure in the line deposit (lineXENOS) has a time dependent behavior. During the refreshment time the physisorbed volatile ligands are not further decomposed by the electron beam and have time to thermally desorb. Furthermore, the precursor can be replenished in this area before the beam

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• smaller grains near the Ag surface. Annealing at different temperatures and various durations allowed for a controlled distribution of crystal dimensions, thus influencing the segregation rate. Furthermore, using ellipsometric and optical transmission measurements we determined the time-dependent

• and density profile of 35 nm thick Ag layers seeded with 2 nm thick Ge films with and without temperature treatment. To investigate the kinetics of the segregation process, we perform time-dependent transmission and ellipsometry measurements for Ag samples deposited on Ge films with thicknesses