Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ligands and introducing a proper steric nature, the metal-to-ligand charge transfer can be tuned [60]. As a consequence, the PL of Au25 NCs has been enhanced. The electron-donor ability of ligands and the direct donation of the delocalized electron from electron-rich atoms of the ligands to the metallic

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• system of a semiconductor. Torres et al. reported calculations of a charge-transfer complex of para-methyl red/TiO2 in the gas phase where the isomerisation is fully quenched. The photoexcited state is oxidized immediately through a charge transfer from the azobenzene to TiO2 and no conformational change

• photoswitching of azobenzene on semiconducting TiO2 is suppressed due to a sudden oxidation of the chromophore. The formation of a heterogeneous charge-transfer complex disturbs the isomerisation and no photoswitching is observed [37]. To clarify possible electronical processes, the relative energies of valence

• molecules. Regarding the energies, a charge transfer from CB to S1 is conceivable, likewise in the other direction. The conclusions from our findings are: It is at least very questionable whether photoswitching of azobenzene species within the layers of the 2D hybrid perovskite phases takes place at all

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• charge transfer properties of functionalized graphene (graphene oxide (GO) or other functional derivatives of graphene) [41]. Hence the single-step method for the production of large scale, controllably functionalized graphene is of high demand, and in this work, we demonstrate such a method to control

• further tune the charge transfer properties of such functionalized graphene powders [60], opening a plethora of opportunities in this field. Conclusion An efficient single-step method (without any post-treatment) has been developed for the high-yield synthesis of carbon-based peroxide, generating ORR

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• monolayer is presented by Rawal et al. [25] to study the effect of defects in MoS2 on the catalytic activity of the supported nanoparticles. They observe that the magnitude of binding energy and charge transfer follows the trend Cu > Ag > Au. On the pristine surface the binding energies of the nanoparticles

• are 5.4 eV for Cu, 4.2 eV for Ag and 4.5 eV for Au. The presence of a complete row of sulfur vacancies enhances the adsorption energy of the nanoparticles for all three metals, increasing it to 7.1 eV, 7.0 eV and 6.0 eV for Cu, Ag and Au, respectively. It also increases the charge transfer from the

• oxidised when they are bound at the vacancy, while oxidation to Cu+ occurs for atoms further away from the vacancy. The same observations were also found for the pristine surface, indicating that the presence of the vacancy does not directly affect the charge transfer unless the Cu atom is adsorbed in or

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• global electrostatic landscape probed by KPFM in the dark state [20]. The photocharging dynamics can be understood as follows. After exciton splitting and dissociation of the charge transfer states at the D–A interfaces, the photogenerated carriers experience a drift-diffusion limited by the carrier

• molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. These energetic offsets enable to dissociate singlet excitons into Coulomb-bound electron–hole pairs also called charge transfer states (CTs). These can either recombine in pairs at the D–A interfaces or split up into free

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• electrodes impede the diffusion less strongly, which is attributed to the faster transport of electrons and the charge transfer resistance (Rct). Fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots based on the equivalent circuit model (inset of Figure 6d), reveals a solution resistance (Rs) of

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• of the advantages of this system was that the DNA–multichromophore organization could be aligned vertically over the gold electrode, which facilitated exothermic charge separation and suppressesed the ground-state charge transfer (CT) complexation between DPP and NDI, followed by the generation of a

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• chemical (CM) [5] and electromagnetic enhancement (EM) [6][7]. The CM enhancement is the main factor for charge transfer between the SERS substrate and probe molecule. The EM field enhancement is the main factor for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and significantly depends on the induced near

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• in a number of cases. All these works focused on the vertical transport through SAMs and only few papers have been published where the lateral transport within SAMs caused by intermolecular charge transfer parallel to the surface has been discussed [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The main focus of the

• current, PAT islands will increase the total current due to the intermolecular charge transfer between neighboring molecules. For the hypothetical case of an island consisting of three molecules, with the AFM forming a direct contact to the center molecule only, we would yield a resistance of where Rlat

• a function of island diameter. The black line shows the result of a fit in the diameter interval 20–160 nm by using Equation 1. a) Simple model of resistance within a single thiol molecule on the gold(111) surface. b) Model of charge transfer within a continuous SAM. The number of parallel resistors

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• crystallization process. The optimum amount of PVP additive was 1 mg/mL, which was effective in reducing the number of defects of the perovskite film leading to better charge transfer and separation on the interface. Besides, the film exhibited a stronger absorption in the visible-light range. The best

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• adsorption sites specific for the anionic analytes. The turn-on of the SERS effect is explained in the context of the chemical mechanism of SERS. The adions form SERS-active sites on the silver surface enabling a charge transfer between the adsorbate and the silver surface. High-intensity SERS spectra of

• +–halide–organic molecule is formed that allows a charge transfer between the metal surface and the molecule leading to a resonant Raman scattering effect [6][7][8]. Evidence for surface complexes were provided by several SERS experiments on silver electrodes [3][8], but also on colloidal silver

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• most likely caused by sample degradation. The charge transfer of 0.15 C during desorption is a superposition of actual cysteine desorption and double-layer charging (with an increasing contribution as cysteine is desorbed). When we assume the double-layer capacitance to increase roughly proportionally

• to the total charge transfer, this yields contributions of 0.06 C for the double layer and 0.09 C for the cysteine desorption. This charge transfer can be associated with a resistance variation of 2.4% (estimated from the variations upon double-layer charging in following cycles) and 4.8

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• in the high-frequency range, suggesting a smaller charge transfer resistance than MoS2-S. Since every cathode holds the same amount of sulfur, the distinct charge transfer resistance could be ascribed to the conductivity of the different host materials. Benefiting from the synergistic encapsulation

• of the polar MoS2 nanosheets and conductive amorphous carbon and rGO, C-MoS2/rGO-6-S shows stronger chemical interaction with Li2Sn and a higher ability to assist the charge transfer than the MoS2-S and C-MoS2/rGO-S electrodes. Furthermore, the rate capabilities of the MoS2-S, C-MoS2/rGO-S, C-MoS2

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• respect to the reference devices [21]. Cheng et al. used ICBA (di[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[1,2:2',3';56,60:2'',3''][5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih, 1',1'',4',4''-tetrahydro-) to provide more routes for charge transfer at the PTB7:PC71BM interface, improving the average efficiency from 7.23 to 8.13% [41]. Wang et al

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• agreement with the redox peaks in the CV curves. Figure 9 shows the electrical impedance spectroscopy curves of the two kinds of fiber membrane electrodes. It can be seen that there is a regular semicircle in the high-frequency region, which represents the magnitude of the charge transfer resistance Rct

• . The oblique line in the low-frequency region is larger than 45°, which is the impedance of the Li+ diffusion process in the electrode. Overall, although the electrodes did not use metal collectors, both electrodes showed a smaller charge transfer impedance and a smaller ion transfer impedance, which

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• efficiency (ca. 100%), electrochemical reversibility and a fast charge transfer process are observed from the nearly symmetric GCD curves. The specific capacitance of the ASC is calculated from the GCD plots. As shown in Figure 4e, the specific capacitance of the ASC reaches 321.6 F·g−1 (482.4 C·g−1) at a

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• a diameter of about 20 nm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The high conductivity of the CNTs will help charge transfer during the electrochemical process. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2, the pure CC with a size of 1 × 1 cm2 is grey, it becomes black after CNT growth

• high slope at low frequency indicates small capacitive resistance (0.465 Ω) and thus fast ion transport. Therefore, the EIS results prove that the good electrochemical performance of the CC-CNT@NiO electrode can be mainly attributed to its good electrical conductivity and low charge transfer resistance

• stability of the device. Also, the EIS curves in Figure S10d reveal that the charge transfer resistance of the device increases after cycling, which is responsible for the capacity decay after cycling. Besides, the insert shows the demo of the two devices in series, which can power four blue LEDs (3.0 V for

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• /bjnano.10.183 Abstract The design of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating electroactive guest molecules in the pores has become a subject of great interest in order to obtain additional electrical functionalities within the framework while maintaining porosity. Understanding the charge-transfer

• increased by two orders of magnitude due to the CT interactions between C60 and the TTF-based framework. Keywords: charge transfer; donor–acceptor; fullerene; metal–organic frameworks (MOFs); tetrathiafulvalene (TTF); Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are crystalline porous materials

• the pores [6][12][13][14]. In this direction, the incorporation of redox-active moieties [15][16][17][18] as well as the understanding of charge-transfer (CT) processes in MOFs [19][20][21][22][23][24], are excellent pathways for the rational design of new electroactive frameworks exhibiting

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis to analyze the charge transfer kinetics in Li/S batteries with pristine and TiO2/GO-coated separators. Figure 8 presents the Nyquist plots of Li/S batteries with pristine and TiO2/GO-coated separators before and after cycling. As shown in Figure 8a, the charge

• transfer resistance (Rct) of the TiO2/GO-coated separator battery was ≈15.7 Ω, which is smaller than the Li/S battery with a pristine separator (19.2 Ω) or GO-coated separator (17.4 Ω). The lower charge transfer resistance can be ascribed to the higher conductivity of the TiO2/GO layer. After cycling, the

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• the Ti2+ to Ti4+ transition thereof make such a transition metal oxide heterostructure a promising candidate for various electronic properties and charge transfer investigations. Despite the similarities (both structures have a cubic crystallographic phase), there are profound differences in the

• reproducible Kelvin parabola with negative curvature for both structures. As up and down bias sweeps appear to follow the same curve, and there is no sign of charging or charge transfer. A comparative study of LC-AFM and KPFM of the TiO/SrTiO3 structure enables a clear distinction between two materials of

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• supercapacitors. Shrestha, Acharya, and co-workers investigated the optoelectronic properties of one-dimensional C60 nanorods prepared in ultra-rapid (5 s) processes of liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation at room temperature [244]. Dominant excitonic charge transfer transitions within the nanorods was

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• ]. Moreover, Mo can occupy multiple oxidation states, which enables a pseudo-capacitive charge transfer by insertion of electrolyte ions, such as Li+, Na+, K+ and H+ [28][29]. Upon cycling, MoS2 sheets can restack resulting in a decreased surface area, which is then followed by poor capacitive performance

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• particles in Pt-CNT/CNT/GC must be smaller than in Pt-CNT/GC. This difference is scarcely observed from the SEM images (Figure 6), which may be attributed to the limited resolution of SEM and non-observable Pt nanoparticles on GC. As described in the literature [52], secondary CNTs exhibit decreased charge

• transfer resistance with respect to the primary CNTs as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thus, we speculate that the improvement in Pt dispersion is due to a better conductivity within the 3D network and a facilitated electron transfer, which may facilitate Pt nucleation at the CNT

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• most common methods to study the charge transfer efficiency of materials [49]. Generally, the smaller the radius of curvature in the EIS Nyquist diagram, the greater the charge transfer efficiency, which will effectively promote the photogenerated electron–hole separation. As shown in the EIS Nyquist

• diagram (Figure 10c), the impedance curve of the composite BTD has the smallest radius of curvature, in other words, it has the highest charge transfer efficiency and the highest utilization of photogenerated carriers. All of the above discussions show that BTD has a low electron–hole recombination rate

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• . This observation can be attributed to quantum size effects [36][44], which are accompanied by a change in the charge transfer from substrate to NPs [45][46]. Metal layers on Bi2Se3 The dependence of the surface contact potential on the size of the separated Au nanoparticles theoretically allows for an