Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• microenvironment to promote intracellular biocatalysis. MaBiDz dynamics were significantly enhanced compared with free BiDz. MaBiDz also has cytocompatibility, is easy to integrate with cells, and exhibits intracellular stability. These features make it possible to quickly detect breast adenocarcinoma biomarkers

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• dynamics of the evolution of surface morphology at elevated temperatures. This effect can lead to a change in the morphology of the surface compared to the isotropic case of deposition without the presence of an external field. Mathematical and numerical modeling of nanostructured thin film growth

• processes allows one to analyze in detail the dynamics of this process, to establish the influence of basic factors (pressure inside the chamber, deposition temperature, energy characteristics, and external influence) on the morphology of the growing surface and type and size of surface structures. One of

• the formation of nanoscale clusters of point defects in solids exposed to irradiating sources [69][70][71][72][73]. Electromigration effects The main purpose of this work is to study the effect of electromigration on the dynamics of surface growth during deposition, its morphology, and statistical

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• near gold nanoparticles protected by various ligands [38][39]. The results of hydrogen bond dynamics and calculated far-IR spectra showed that a well-defined multilayered structure of water is formed close to the surface of the metal nanoparticle. The stabilization of this structure may be additionally

• are faster than molecular dynamics methods. The simulations were performed on a 100×100×32 FCC lattice and averaged over 10 000 time units. Two stiff immobile walls representing Ag {100} surfaces were placed at z = 1 and z = 32. In other directions, (x, y) periodic boundary conditions were used. All

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• using these techniques, NWs are grown away from the substrate, usually in a tilted direction, and size distribution and geometry strongly depend on the growth dynamics [32][33]. Furthermore, it is known that the catalyst introduces uncontrolled and unwanted contamination inside the crystal lattice of

Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges

• Qingchun Wang and
• Wai Ting Siok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 330–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.27

• has an excellent temporal resolution at the millisecond scale. ECoG data have a typical sampling rate of 1,000–3,000 Hz. This high temporal resolution offers an opportunity to observe the rapid dynamics of neural activities in precisely localized brain regions. ECoG has a much higher signal-to-noise

• , iEEG is a promising method to reveal the dynamics of natural semantic processing. Khachatryan et al. [64] recorded neural signals from the scalp and cortex of nine epileptic subjects to study the activation of semantic and perceptual priming (Figure 4). Patients completed a semantic judgment task and

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• or cytoskeleton dynamics was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the uptake was verified by fluorescent microscopy. The uptake route of the tested MNPs differed depending on the surface coating. While BSA-SO-MNPs were internalized via CME, PEG-SO-MNPs were preferentially taken up

• experiments, cells were exposed to MNPs in a medium supplemented with 2% FBS. A549 cells up to 20 generations (passaged two times per week) were used in the experiments. Treatment of cells After reaching exponential growth, cells were pre-treated with inhibitors of endocytosis or cytoskeleton dynamics for 1 h

• additional time of 1 h. Cell exposure was finished by sucking off the culture medium and washing the cells twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). An illustration of the treatment is shown in Figure 4. The final concentrations of individual inhibitors of endocytosis or cytoskeleton dynamics were prepared

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding the assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis. Keywords: cell adhesion; membrane fluctuations; osteoblast; plasma membrane nanomorphology; scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM); Introduction

• of 0.3–0.5 features per μm2, are observed. The characteristic dynamics of the sheets is fast compared to the acquisition leading to temporal undersampling. This results in distortions, which is particularly evident in Figure 2e where the ruffles appear as blurred bright spots. This becomes obvious

• when the live-cell dynamics is suppressed upon fixation of the osteoblasts with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Figure 3a shows an example of a respective SICM topography. Now, the ruffles exhibit a clearer shape and resemble similar features to those observed with electron microscopy [29][30]. Our data

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• composition; however, the size of the resulting particles varies significantly. To solve this issue, we studied the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles with different chemical compositions from a gaseous medium using computer molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The aim was to determine the effect of the

• initial vapor phase, basically corresponded to a given target composition. Keywords: binary nanoparticles; computer simulation; copper; gold; molecular dynamics; Introduction The nanometer-sized Cu–Au compounds are being studied quite actively [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] because of their potential

• dynamics (MD) method, which allows us to analyze the behavior of the simulated system over a wide time interval (from picoseconds to several nanoseconds) and with the accuracy required to consider small atomic groups. This type of modeling can only be successful if a sufficiently realistic potential of

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• -coated UCNPs on RAW 264.7 macrophages, an analysis of the cell cycle dynamics of UCNP@thin_NH2 and UCNP@thick_NH2 samples was carried out. The cell cycle consists of four parts: The rest phase (G0); the first gap phase (G1), in which the cells grow and produce enzymes necessary for cell division; the

• @thin_NH2 sample and 0.35 ± 0.14 for the UCNP@thick_NH2 sample) compared to the control (0.53 ± 0.06). In contrast to this observation, the silica particles without a UCNP core (sample NP@SiO2-RBITC-NH2) exhibit similar cell-cycle dynamics as the nanoparticle-free control (Figure S4, Supporting Information

• the control is marked by a yellow-framed peak. (B) Summary of mean SSC flow cytometry measurements on all samples in RAW 264.7 cells after particle exposure for 24 h at 37 °C. Effect of (A) UC@thin_NH2 (tSiO2 = 8 ± 2 nm) and (B) UC@thick_NH2 (tSiO2 = 21 ± 2 nm) on the cell cycle dynamics of RAW 264.7

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• channeling effect in the HIM has also been studied using Monte Carlo [21] and molecular dynamics [22] simulations. Measuring the energy of the transmitted particles is a novel technique that adds an information channel to the previously discussed transmission imaging modes. It will provide information on the

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• methods; atomic force microscopy (AFM); molecular dynamics (MD); Raman spectroscopy; nanostructured materials; Introduction Layered materials such as graphite, talc, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), held together by strong covalent bonds within layers and relatively weak van der Waals

• been obtained through radial deformations [32], lattice dynamics studies [33], deformations of suspended layers [2][6], and bubble profiles [12]. The values reported for the bending stiffness of a graphene monolayer vary from 0.8 to 10,000 eV [34]. Also, there is no consensus on how κ varies with the

• folded 2D material. In principle, the model describes any 2D material, and its predictions are corroborated by comparison with classical molecular dynamics simulations and to results of previous investigations on graphene and talc. Because folds naturally occur in flakes of varying thickness

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• molecular dynamics method using the many-particle potential of the modified embedded-atom method. In the calculation process the temperature was controlled using the Nose–Hoover thermostat. The simulation of the atomic nanolayer formation was performed by alternating the directional deposition of different

• atomic structures depending on the main parameters of the deposition process. Keywords: hybrid nanostructure; mathematical modeling; modified embedded-atom method; molecular dynamics; spintronics; spin valve; vacuum deposition; Introduction Multilayer superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) hybrid

• spintronics applications were studied by the molecular dynamics method [33][34]. Molecular dynamics describes the motion of each nanosystem atom at a certain point in time, therefore, it is possible to reproduce the detailed evolution of nanoelements and their properties. The basis of the method is the

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• finding the complete composition of the breath, the concentration of its components, and the temporal dynamics of the changes in breath composition. In the case of a medium with more than 2000 components, this is a difficult task even for the most modern sensor devices. This problem is solved by using

• the sensing element. A condensate film formed on the gas-sensing surface switches on the autonomous power supply of the sensing element, enabling the observation and measurement of the dynamics of resistance variation during the exposure and relaxation periods. This is due to the fact that, in the

• prospects are opening for more detailed studies regarding the dynamics of the emotional states when various factors simultaneously affect the state of the organism, and our preliminary investigation confirms that. Due to the instability of the hormonal molecules, the validity of the conclusions and medical

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• dynamics of the cantilever compared to other parameters. This work shows that in order to maximize the phase contrast, the ratio of second to first eigenmode frequencies should be minimized and be close to a whole number. Additionally, since V-shaped cantilevers are mostly used for soft matter imaging

• dynamics of the cantilever more accurately. Wang et al. have used the finite element method (FEM) as an alternative approach to obtain the stiffness and the natural frequencies of for both rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers [9]. Additionally, other studies were done by Cleveland et al. [10] to measure

• bimodal AFM [43]. Additionally, in order to have a better understanding of the dynamics of the AFM cantilever in this study, tip–sample force interactions on Au and PS samples are simulated and presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. In order to study the effect of the length of the

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• physical coupling to the substrate induced by the charge transfer. Finally, the charging effect on the thermal dynamics and the stability of the 6P monolayer are considered. Results and Discussion Ambivalent behavior of 6P on regularly prepared MgO(100)/Ag(100) thin films Figure 2 shows STM images of four

• emission) where the emission of the 6P sigma-orbitals is found, as To assess the desorption dynamics, the samples were heated manually by a filament behind the crystal at a very low heating rate of approximately 0.1 °C/s (on average). STM measurements were performed at −193 °C with a Createc low

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• nanoparticles. Also, its dynamics and stability in a standard salt solution, physiological fluids, and in the presence of certain compounds were measured. This approach allows for the evaluation of glutamate delivery to and removal from nerve terminals and blood plasma for modulation of extracellular glutamate

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• -terminated tips In Figure 3, we compare AFM line profiles taken across the defect of interest (blue) and a corresponding defect-free region (grey) with a simple theoretical structure optimized by molecular dynamics calculations (see Methods for parameters). A preliminary comparison of Figure 3 with the

• above the defect in 4t show a reduced minimum, as well as a horizontal shift in position towards the defect centre due to a polaronic distortion induced by the vacancy’s localized negative charge. Molecular dynamics relaxation was unable to capture this effect as part of the modelling, so the ball and

• terminations. The defect free H–Si ball and stick model was the same as used in [43], with defects manually inserted using Avogadro [94][95]. The geometry of the defect atoms within the lattice were optimized using molecular dynamics relaxation with a Merck molecular force field (MMFF94) [96]. Images of the

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• manufacturing [3], food industry [4], and in many other fields. In this regard, fluid dynamics is essential for regulating thermal energy through the usage of different fluids with good thermophysical properties. Research efforts have been focused on developing strategies to enhance thermal processes. For

• dynamics. Over the past few decades, these studies have become even more important due to its applicability in manufacturing industries. The refrigeration of electronic instruments with a fan, cooling of atomic receptacles during an emergency power outage, and solar receivers for storage of thermal energy

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• polymorph A was observed at the bare HOPG–1-phenyloctane interface. For n-C50, the chosen optimal concentration was 0.01 mM, because at this concentration we observed reasonably high-average domain size and relatively low dynamics within the n-C50 monolayer. Figure 4a–c shows a representative large scale

• not always aligned as is the case in Figure 5a–c. For n-C50, the chosen optimal concentration was 1.0 × 10−4 M, because at this concentration we observed reasonably high average domain size and relatively low dynamics within the n-C50 monolayer. Lowering the concentration of BA-OC14 further (range

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• that OPCGCNFs can be used as electrodes due to their advantages, such as fast ion dynamics, high electron conductivity and low electron transport impedance. This may be due to the following two factors: (i) The ordered fiber structure of the OPCGCNF electrode allows for the ions to move in an orderly

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• , such dynamics are likely. In the proposed redox reactions, the chloride ligands, which are axially coordinated to the manganese centers, play an essential role in generating the observed currents. First, they dissociate when the manganese center is reduced. We propose that the ions are subsequently

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• Langevin dynamics method was applied based on the effective Verlet-type algorithm. The Néel magnetic relaxation time was obtained via the Coffey method in an oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle. Keywords: colloidal system; effective Verlet-type algorithm; magnetic

• relaxation time; nanoparticle coating; numerical simulation; stochastic Langevin dynamics method; superparamagnetic nanoparticles; Introduction One of the most important biomedical applications of colloidal magnetic nanoparticle systems is magnetic hyperthermia applied as an alternative for cancer treatment

• distribution of the grain size. Each nanoparticle is composed of a magnetic core and a nonmagnetic surface layer of stabilizing surfactant. The system temperature is considered to be constant. To simulate the self-organization of the colloidal magnetic nanoparticles we used the Langevin dynamics stochastic

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• with sizes of 1 μm and 200 nm in an aqueous medium. We model the effect with an overdamped Langevin dynamics simulation to obtain quantitative predictions. Since the feedback control algorithm can be easily modified, the resulting particle trapping potential can be thus arbitrarily shaped. We show this

• dynamics simulation of a spherical particle in water. The laser heating was modeled as an instantly imposed Gaussian-shaped temperature field, which changes its center position according to the feedback rule. To keep the model as simple as possible, the heat capacities of the substrate and the liquid, as

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• and the study of vibration behavior are essential. Additionally, it is important that the size-dependent parameters for the dynamics analysis and mathematical modeling of these nanostructures be contained in the theoretical models. For this reason, surface/interface elasticity, which was addressed by