Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• inhibiting activity [5][6]. Reactivity of TiO2 under visible light (λ > 400 nm) can be achieved in several ways [7], including: (a) metal doping [8], (b) non-metal doping [9][10], (c) self-doping (reductive treatments) [11][12], (d) surface modification by noble-metal nanoparticles of silver (Ag), gold (Au

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• , Kaliskiego 2 Str. 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.8.208 Abstract Core–shell nanostructures have found applications in many fields, including surface enhanced spectroscopy, catalysis and solar cells. Titania-coated noble metal nanoparticles, which combine the surface plasmon resonance properties of the

• few exceptions of more general methods [21]. Another difficulty in the coating process arises from the possibility of core particle agglomeration. Since metal nanoparticles are vulnerable to agglomeration, additional actions, such as the use of special conditions or additives, have to be undertaken to

• coating solution. Citrate stabilized AuNPs and AgNPs disperse well in the reaction mixture used, ethanol and acetonitrile, and do not undergo undesirable aggregation. In previously reported studies metal nanoparticles were usually synthesized and stabilized in a separate step from coating [27][28][29][30

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• attention should be paid to the selection of the laser excitation wavelength. The improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved by using ultrashort-pulsed laser sources (stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)) or metal nanoparticles (surface-enhanced

• unique molecular tumor marker [88]. The contrast agents consisting of a targeting agent conjugated with optically active labels (metal nanoparticles, quantum dots) can be used for in vivo imaging of this biomarker. Sokolov et al [89] reported the use of gold nanoparticles for the molecular targeted

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• . The similar localization of Tween 80-coated nanoparticles was observed in MCF-7 cells as well. The same results of endocytic NP accumulation in cells was demonstrated in different studies with UCNPs [31], quantum dots [32], magnetic nanomaterials [33] and noble metal nanoparticles [34]. Cell viability

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• nanoparticles not only renders the nanoparticles biocompatible but also gives rise to distinct optical properties [18][19]. Noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold and silver, possess the unique property of surface plasmon resonance (SPR); the latter exhibit a strong extinction band in the visible region [19

• the hollow nanostructure. As noted above, PVP is widely used as a colloidal stabilizer to inhibit the aggregation of metal nanoparticles such as gold [49][50][51][52], silver [53][54], platinum [55][56][57], palladium [46][57][58][59], nickel [60][61], and cobalt [62][63]. To verify this hypothesis in

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• example, noble metal nanoparticles could be introduced in the nanocages by using this procedure. Thus, the resulting configurations might act as gas–solid catalysis nanoreactors by taking advantage of the gas permeability of the nanocage. Low-reactive metal carbonates could also be caged in this manner

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• ; Introduction Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are of considerable interest in various domains, ranging from chemistry to medicine and light filtering [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Silver NPs are especially challenging because of the possibility to control the phenomenon of light–matter interaction in the visible

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• noble metal nanoparticles on glass substrates via nanoimprinting and dewetting of metallic thin films. Glass templates were made via pattern transfer from a topographic Si mold to an inorganically cross-linked sol–gel (IGSG) resist on glass using a two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp followed by

• sol–gel silica at 550 °C and then dewetted at high temperatures (≈300–500 °C) to form nanoparticles. Figure 5 shows the visual appearance of a transparent glass substrate with a Ag nanoparticle array at low magnification. The metal nanoparticles formed in a square region of approximately 20 × 20 mm2

• the silicon master mold, can be a useful and cost-effective process that substitutes for the use of a silicon template produced using the LIL method. In conclusion, ordered arrays of noble metal nanoparticles were assembled on glass templates using a combination of nanoimprinting and thermal dewetting

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• growth was also actively debated. In the last decades, it was reported that metal nanoparticles can undergo partial carburization, i.e., the chemical transformation of metal into metal carbide, and subsequent reverse decomposition during the synthesis of carbon filaments and nanotubes by the catalytic

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• metal nanoparticles that is based on a cyano rather than a thiol or thiolate anchor group. The silver particles used to evaluate the effectiveness of the new stabilizer typically have a bimodal size distribution with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 13 and ca. 79 nm. Polymer stability was evaluated as a

• suggesting that α-((4-cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol) is a good stabilizer for metal nanoparticles in aqueous media unless very high pH conditions are present in the system. The study thus demonstrates that cyano groups can be viable alternatives to the more conventional thiol/thiolate

• the cyano groups. Especially the cyano group is interesting because of its relatively high metal binding capability (although lower than that of the thiol group) [36] and its stability in a variety of chemical environments [37]. Yet, the number of reports on stabilizers for metal nanoparticles with a

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• desorption [15]. Beside these promising results, it is already well known that the modification of CNTs with selected materials can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of CNT-based sensors for several harmful gases [16]. The aim of decorating carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles (NPs) is to

• investigated gases. Typicall, a high operating temperature (>400 °C) will reduce the catalytic properties of metal nanoparticles, as they tend to agglomerate in clusters of larger size, thus reducing their surface area, with a consequent decrease of the gas sensitivity. Moreover, MWCNTs could decompose at

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• this reason, a new class of phosphine oxide functionalized CNMs can be of interest. Not to say of the wide possibilities offered by the production of metal nanohybrid upon complexation of metal nanoparticles or metal ions by the phosphine functionalities [26]. Results and Discussion The CNMs substrates

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• knowledge from chemical engineering (homogenization in large reactor, processing of liquid flow, versatility, safety etc.), wet crystallization methods are a logical choice to process organic materials. However, unlike inorganic and metal nanoparticles, organic matter is very sensitive to drying as we

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• , we found that metal nanoparticles nucleate instantaneously and their subsequent growth is governed by diffusion in the solution [23]. In detail, we showed that by immersion of a Si(100) substrate for a few seconds in a solution containing 1 mM KAuCl4 and 4.8 M HF, AuNPs with a mean radius of less

• papers dealing with dynamic coalescence of metal nanoparticles in liquids [34][35][36]. In a previous work, we found that silver nanoparticles are subjected to Smoluchowski [37] ripening in DHF solutions by increasing their size and decreasing their surface density. For the case of gold nanoparticles on

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

• Paolo Visconti,
• Patrizio Primiceri,
• Daniele Longo,
• Luciano Strafella,
• Paolo Carlucci,
• Mauro Lomascolo,
• Arianna Cretì and
• Giuseppe Mele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 134–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.14

• : photons emitted by the camera flash are absorbed by catalytic metal nanoparticles causing very high temperatures inside the sample; this occurs because Fe is less conductive than SWCNTs. In fact, they suggested that the heat is dissipated mostly in the CNT bundles with their high conductivity and

• processes. This innovative research field was recently developed in [25][26]. In more detail, the photo-induced ignition of MWCNTs containing ferrocene metal nanoparticles by using a Xe flash lamp was used to photo-ignite gaseous methane/air mixtures. This resulted in a more rapid and homogeneous combustion

• ), represents the key step of the MWCNT/Fe ignition process. In this scenario, as already widely reported in the literature, the presence of metal nanoparticles (in this work FeCp2) allows for the photo-ignited reaction. In particular, the photo-excitation of FeCp2 produces ferrocene in its excited form FeCp2

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• molecule. Finally, the evaluation of the selectivity revealed that the presence or the absence of metal nanoparticles on ZnO NRs improves the selectivity in the detection of specific HCs gaseous molecules. Keywords: chemiresistive gas sensor; electrosynthesis; hydrocarbon gas sensor; Pd-modified ZnO; ZnO

• consumption, and poor stability over the time [38]. These limits can be overcome by functionalization of ZnO nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles. Specifically, Pt and Pd are widely applied for monitoring explosive and toxic gases. The catalytic metals do not change the free energy of the reactions

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• processes in the material controlled by capillary forces [10][11] or the interaction of defects [12]. The healing capability of defects was recently demonstrated for Au [13] and Fe [14] nanoparticles. It was shown that the controlled injection of dislocations into single-crystalline faceted metal

• nanoparticles results in their much faster equilibration, i.e., achieving the equilibrium crystal shape, during subsequent annealing as compared to their defect-free counterparts [13][14]. Recently, Amram and Rabkin [15] studied the role of Fe underlayers in the growth of quasi-single-crystalline

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• for surface plasmon polaritons at the interface between metallic and dielectric films [2][3]. Light trapping in amorphous aggregates of metal nanoparticles known as Anderson localization [3][4] can lead to pronounced optoelectronic effects. The photon interaction with a dense collection of states can

• -similar pattern allowed nanofocusing and high field enhancement to be achieved in the subwavelength regime. The principle of confinement of optical pulses in metal nanoparticles arises from the existence of plasmons in metals, consisting of collective oscillations of an electron gas. In this work, we

• plasmon population [48][49][50]. The dependence of the dephasing rate on the aggregation geometry is important in sensors and in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications, where the metal nanoparticles are often required to have a very slow dephasing rate [46]. However, to understand the effect of

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• redox potential. PEDOT/PSS is soluble in water and the polymer can be mixed with water-soluble electrocatalytic materials or colloidal metal nanoparticles providing an excellent method to modulate the sensing properties by means of a synergistic effect [14][15]. However, a large number of

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

• Giovanna Testa,
• Laura Fontana,
• Iole Venditti and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

• colloidal system. Keywords: functionalized platinum nanoparticles; pH responsive materials; synthesis of metal nanoparticles; thiol functionalization; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (MNPs), in particular, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) offer a wide range of chemico-physical properties that can be of

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• is caused by very thin metal films evaporated on a substrate, which consist of isolated islands with dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of light. According to Osawa, the island nature of the metal films is essential for the SEIRA effect. Therefore, it seems obvious to study SEIRA using metal

• nanoparticles. According to Yang and Griffiths [12], the ideal substrate for SEIRA is a thin film of isolated nanoparticles distributed over a suitable infrared transparent substrate. They report enhancement factors of approximately 100 for silver nanoparticles on a germanium substrate. An interesting approach

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• the field of sensors for specific analytes [7][8][9][10]. In particular, given their flexible and easy preparation, large specific surface area, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, metal nanoparticles are excellent candidates for a wide variety of applications ranging from catalysis [11

• by tyrosine and the heavy metal sensing performance was measured by observing the shift of SPR band. In this case the low detection limit for Cu(II) is attributed to the high quality of the AgNPs. From the perspective of optimizing the properties of metal nanoparticles, research groups have focused

• on the control of the size and shape of nanoparticles [34][35], which is crucial in tuning their physical, chemical and optical properties [36][37][38]. Electrochemical, photochemical, sonochemical and chemical reduction methods can be used for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles [39][40][41][42][43

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• effect; Introduction Due to advantages over other patterning techniques, inkjet printing technology has met important challenges to pattern a broad range of functional materials with promising biomedical application [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Inks based on metal nanoparticles are widely used in inkjet

• printing because of their conductive and thermal properties [1][8]. Within the existing types of metal nanoparticles, the beneficial properties of gold, such as good biocompatibility, excellent resistance to oxidation and acids, and high affinity to thiol containing biomolecules promote the applicability

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• of a well-defined bimodal spectral response. These parameters can be chemically manipulated, resulting in tunable optical properties throughout the visible range. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles are primarily derived from interactions between electromagnetic waves and delocalized