Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• position and cover MOF particles. Moreover, the presence of MOF particles significantly enhances the surface roughness and allows ultrathin, hydrophobic coverage to be obtained. Finally, it has been shown that the crystallinity and the porosity of the MOF remains almost unaltered in MOF/ODP films

• particles without significantly affecting the porosity or crystallinity since both properties are intimately linked in a MOF. Finally, it should also be mentioned that the CO2 adsorption capacity at 1 bar for an LB film is similar to that of drop-cast samples but the relative deviations in the measurements

• MOF/ODP mixed films. Additionally, the CO2 adsorption capacity of bare UiO-66-COOH(Zr) cast films is similar to that of mixed UiO-66-COOH(Zr)/ODP films, which reveals that the mixture with ODP allows modification of the surface of the sMPs without significantly affecting its porosity. Compared to

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• inorganic components on the surface have attracted great interest because of the possibility to tune size, composition, porosity, stability, surface functionality, and colloidal stability [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Generally, fluorescent dye molecules are sensitive to the external environment, which leads to

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• catalysts, require the combination of the contradicting properties of graphitic microstructure and porosity. The usage of graphitization catalysts during the synthesis of carbide-derived carbon materials results in materials that combine the required properties, but controlling the microstructure during

• large specific surface area and distinct pore character. For applications in which electrical conductivity plays an important role, e.g., battery electrodes, fuel-cell catalysts or supercapacitors [14][15][16], it is necessary for carbon to not only show porosity but also to feature a graphitic

• were employed to produce carbon combining porosity and graphitic structure [17][18][19]. Among them, the carbide-derived carbon (CDC) is a promising route. CDC can be synthesized through the selective extraction of metals or metalloid atoms from metal carbides (MexC, e.g., TiC, SiC, VC, and Mo2C) by

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• quantifying this by porosity ellipsometry (data not shown) revealed only limited or insignificant porosity (thymine ≈4%, uracil ≈1% and adenine ≈1%). The complex nature of these films therefore remains to be further investigated. Judging from the observations that most of the nucleobases leached out during

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• thickness (80–100 nm) grown by strategy I (Figure 3A), strategy II (Figure 3B) and strategy III (Figure 3C). All films are polycrystalline and highly compact with average grain sizes of 15 ± 4 nm, 18 ± 4 nm, and 22 ± 4 nm, respectively. Moreover, the LMO films are homogeneous and do not exhibit porosity

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• metals, as shown by the numerous examples of metal phosphonates reported in the literature [12][13][14]. However, in the case of monophosphonate groups, metal phosphonates usually form semicrystalline layered materials with no interlayer porosity. A way to avoid the formation of a layered material is to

• which was nonporous with a negligible specific surface area. All other samples showed significant porosity. Their specific surface area increased with the P/Ti ratio, from 120 m2 g−1 for TiP0.02 to 240 m2 g−1 for TiP0.1, while their pore volume decreased, from 0.29 to 0.17 cm3 g−1 (Table 1

• well-ordered self-assembled monolayers). The mesoporosity of the hybrid materials with P/Ti ratios up to 0.1 stems from the aggregation of the grafted nanoparticles (interparticle porosity). The smaller the size of the particles, the higher the specific surface area and the lower the pore volume

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• on the 5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9 isotherms (Figure S3 in Supporting Information File 1) revealed an interparticle porosity, which is consistent with the small size of the silica particles as observed on SEM images (Figure S4 in Supporting Information File 1). As reported in Table 1, the mean particle size

• us note that the low value of N/AA is associated with a significant porosity of the as-synthesized hybrid materials (see Figure S5 in Supporting Information File 1). Large mesopore volumes (Vmeso = 0.39 and 0.29 cm3·g−1 at pH 7.4 and 7.9, respectively) and large pore diameters (dpore = 9.1 and 10.2

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• spectrometer (Oxford INCAx-act SN detector) to determine the morphology of particles prepared in this study. The porosity analysis and specific surface area determination were performed using Autosorb-1MP and Quadrasorb-MP machines (both Quantachrome Instruments). The samples were degassed under high vacuum at

• indicates that significant porosity in the materials is generated at approximately 500 °C. Indeed, 2Z-HYCA prepared at 450 °C does not show any porosity, while materials prepared at 500 °C and higher show surface areas that remain roughly constant until a preparation temperature of 900 °C. No clear trend of

• synthesis temperature. Overall, nitrogen sorption analysis indicates that the porosity does not directly correlate with the synthesis conditions as soon as the threshold temperature of 500 °C is passed. As stated above, a high surface area is a key requirement for a material to work in water treatment. The

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• order to avoid porphyrin aggregation various supramolecular structures have been designed [11][12][13]. In this context, porphyrin-based MOFs offer unique systems in which a regular arrangement prevents porphyrins from aggregation whereas the porosity enables fast diffusion of the ground state O2(3Σg

• Inorganic Chemistry Rez) constructed from Fe3+ and phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) (PBPA) linkers [25]. ICR-2 in the microcrystalline form is stable in aqueous solutions even at high temperatures and partly retains its structure and porosity even after treatment with phosphate buffer saline (PBS

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• shrinkage the film porosity increases significantly. Changing plasma treatment time, chamber pressure and plasma power of the oxygen and hydrogen plasmas allows for a further tuning of the morphology of the nanoporous silver films (Figure S13, Supporting Information File 1). Longer treatment with hydrogen

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• adsorbent for wastewater treatment due to its adsorption affinity towards organic pollutants. Unlike micrometre-sized cellulose, the nanometre-sized counterparts are relatively smaller in dimensional size but also possess a larger surface area with improved porosity, which limits internal diffusion and

• of the photogenerated carriers decreased during the photochemical reaction. It was reported that electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous membranes with large specific surface area, high porosity, and high permeability could be an effective support for photocatalysts [122]. This could create a

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• thickness were deposited using large-area (4 inch diameter) sputtering on glass and FTO/glass substrates. Identical rapid thermal processing (RTP) oxidation was applied to these Co films to allow the formation of Co3O4 films of varying thickness and porosity. Figure 1b shows the XRD pattern of two prepared

• oxidized the Co film into a Co3O4 film with controlled thickness and porosity, which is further validated below. Figure 1c,d shows the surface morphology of both the deposited Co and the RTP-grown Co3O4 film on the glass substrate, respectively. FESEM results confirm that the deposited film contains

• crystalline Co3O4 can be applied to grade its porosity by simply varying the Co thicknesses prior to thermal oxidation. Therefore, we prepared Co3O4 samples with varying thicknesses from 70 to 230 nm, which were extensively studied with regard to their optical, electrical, interfacial, and

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• -optimized system” might not be the optimum “reference system”, however, it clearly shows the improvement of embedding Si into the carbon matrix. Overall, many different factors (specific surface area, particle size, porosity, Si content, mass loading, etc.) of the reference system should be comparable to

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• , beer, and juices) [26], or in the selective removal of bacteria in blood [27]. Porous polymeric coatings possess the advantages of high surface area materials with a well-defined porosity [28][29], easy processability (i.e., to form molded monoliths or thin films) [30][31][32], and the possibility of

• using different synthetic routes to facilitate the incorporation of multiple chemical functionalities into the porous framework or at the pore surface [33]. The self-assembly of block copolymers is an exceptional strategy for inducing well-ordered and regular porosity in polymers [6][32]. Block

• -assembly of BCs represents an exceptional strategy for inducing well-ordered and regular porosity in polymeric structures. As already mentioned in the Introduction, BCs are macromolecules made of two (or more) blocks (i.e., series of monomeric units) of homopolymer chains, thermodynamically incompatible

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• characteristics [37][40]. Such porous nanostructures provide a fundamental property that enhances the effective analyte adsorption and increases sensitivity. Therefore, the remarkable specific surface area and high porosity (≈70–90%) [41] due to the presence of small and large pores means that electrospun

• performance of these electrospun pure MOx nanofibers. Pure metal oxides have an intrinsic response towards a specific analyte gas that is remarkably dependent on grain size and specific surface area. A high response is expected for nanofibers with smaller grain size, smaller crystallite size, high porosity

• oxides: The performance of semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors is improved by mixing two or more metal oxides to make composites. In many cases, these composites have advantageous properties of both metal oxides. Moreover, the porosity of the nanofibers can also be increased by mixing two or more

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• mechanical properties can be formed, without any additional treatment. It is shown that these films can be patterned on the substrate in sub-micrometer dimensions using conventional lithography while their porosity can be well controlled. The fabrication and experimental characterization of hafnium

• crucial issue affecting the performance of NTFs is their porosity. The availability of pores in metallic or metal-oxide NTFs and the tunability of their porosity [21], affects their optical [22] and electrical [23] properties, as well as corresponding applications, which can range from sensors [24] over

• nanoparticles upon landing on the substrate, we tune the porosity and the mechanical properties of the porous NTFs. The mechanical properties of the NTFs were investigated by nanoidentation measurements. We demonstrate this method with Hf nanoparticles but it can be applied to any metallic nanoparticles. We

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• work is shown in Figure 1. Activated carbon, Norit R1 Extra, has an unordered pore structure (Figure 1a) and the porosity arises from the random stacking of the basic structural unit, which may be planar aromatic structures of less than 10–20 rings extending over 2–4 layers [17] or defective micro

• shown that the oxygen functionalities present on GO are in the form of hydroxy and carboxy groups [12]. The tunability of the material in terms of porosity and extent of functionalization makes GO a prototype of a hydrophilic carbon adsorbent and as such interesting for studying gas adsorption in 2D

• structure with no particular structure/ordering, which is characteristic for activated carbon materials. The pores of Norit R1 Extra are too small to be resolved by SEM. In the following, an overview of the Raman characteristics of all studied carbon materials is given, which is followed by porosity

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• shape and possess relatively high porosity, which is produced by the consumption of surface carbon during the thermal reduction of Co2+ ions with carbon from the carbonization of dopamine; (iii) hexagonal mesoporous NPLs show a strong magnetic response due to the well-dispersed Co nanoparticles embedded

• nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are measured to confirm the porosity of the hexagonal NPLs. As shown in Figure 4A, all isotherms of the samples exhibit a capillary condensation step at relative pressure of p/p0 = 0.45–0.9, known as a type IV(a) isotherm according to IUPAC classification [35]. The

• decreasing porosity at a relatively lower carbonization temperature (Figure 1c–e and Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). The kinetics and isotherm models for the adsorption of RhB were investigated systematically. Figure 8A displays the adsorption capacity of the NPLs-2.5-800 sample at different

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• the solubility of collagen/gelatin scaffolds. Gelatin crosslinked with low concentrations of genipin has been shown to be biodegradable [48][49]. Islam et al. have previously reported that highly porous patterned collagen scaffolds, with porosity of 0.8 to 1.5 mm, could be fabricated by crosslinking

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• adsorption/desorption isotherm and corresponding Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distributions of the TiO2 samples. The TiO2 sample calcined at 400 °C (TiO2-400) displayed a typical type IV isotherm with a well-developed hysteresis loop that indicated mesoscale porosity (Figure 5a). The TiO2 sample

• decreased, which indicated decreasing porosity and BET surface area, as the calcination temperature increased. When the TiO2 samples were calcined at temperatures greater than 650 °C, they showed negligible N2 adsorption volumes over all of the P/P0 range, indicating a small BET surface area (Figure 5a

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• environmental applications, such as water treatment [9][10][11] and air purification [12]. One of the important factors affecting the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is its specific surface area. By increasing the specific surface area (porosity) of TiO2, the photocatalytic activity can be increased. One of the

• ways to increase the porosity of the material is the addition of an organic polymer. After polymer decomposition via thermal treatment, mesoporous materials with high surface area and pore volume are obtained [13][14][15]. The increase in surface area depends on the type of polymer added, the type of

• the addition of NH4NO3, the sample became more porous (surface area of 84.5 m2/g), which also explains the increased photocatalytic activity. The band gap width and porosity have not changed significantly with the addition of Pt (band gap of 3.08 eV; surface area of 83.7 m2/g). However, the PB

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• correlate with the microstructure of the material [17][18][19]. The microstructure describes the relationship between density, porosity and particle size, grain structure and phase composition. These attributes are primarily defined by the sintering process [20] and have been analyzed macroscopically. But

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• min of etching the barrier layer. The cell diameter did not change and the size is given in Figure 3A. The results of the AFM study are confirmed by the SEM data (the rate of etching corresponds to ≈1.0 nm/min) Also, one of the most important parameters of a membrane, the porosity, depends on the pore

• diameter and structure of channels (and therefore, the penetration). The oxide porosity (with the through pores), α, was determined by expression the following equation [37]: In general, the SEM images, AFM profiles and size histograms of the samples prepared using the optimum etching conditions show high

• angle values to d = 0 (i.e., for a smooth, porosity-free surface) leads to a contact angle of ≈18° that can also be correlated with the data of other publications [42]. The dependence on membrane thickness (or more specifically, the aspect ratio) is caused by specificity of solution flow in the narrow

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.131 Abstract A new route will be presented for an all-parallel fabrication of highly flexible, freestanding membranes with well-defined porosity. This fabrication is based on arrays of well

• techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In most cases, the reported production techniques offer specific possibilities for controlling membrane parameters such as thickness, porosity, pore shape and size, or they provide the chance for chemically functionalizing inner surfaces of individual pores. Still another

• approach came from diverse ion-track etching techniques with a limitation in porosity but several ways to form pore shapes [10][11][12]. Alternatively, thin porous nanocrystalline silicon (pnc-Si) membranes have been suggested with pores formed in a nc-silicon film sandwiched between nanometer-thick

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• stability in stabilizing the zirconia tetragonal phase, improved basicity sites for the support, and decreased reducibility of Ni2+. Li et al. [118] designed a Ni@Ni–Mg phyllosilicate core–shell catalyst using the hydrothermal treatment of Ni@SiO2 with Mg(NO3)2. The alkalinity and porosity of the catalyst