A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• -layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid material (FLG-Ce6) was prepared using the method reported by Hernández et al. [36]. All solvents and chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and graphite were purchased from Frontier Scientific Logan and

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• gadolinium chloride hexahydrate (GdCl3·6H2O) were purchased from Rhawn technology Co, Ltd. Ultrapure water was purified by Ulupure (UPR-II, China). All the reagents used in the experiments were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Synthesis of metal oleate precursor The

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• g·mol−1 (Sigma) was added to the IOPs at a final concentration of 30 mg·mL−1. All solutions were prepared with deionized water from a TKA water purification system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany). Rheological characterization of the aforementioned solutions was carried out on a Kinexus Pro

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• × 10−10 mbar (BESTEC, Germany). During this process, the substrate had a temperature of 500 °C. A mixture of high-purity (99.9999%) argon (Ar) from a gas chromatography purification system and high-purity (99.9999%) nitrogen (N2) at a composition of Ar/N2 = 60:40 was used as plasma gas for the reactive

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• ABCR. All materials were used without further purification. 1-Methylimidazole (>99%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich, purified via fractional distillation and dried over molecular sieves for several days. Water was purified using the Millipore® system. The ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• , chromic acid (H2CrO4), and methylene blue (MB) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Alcohol, perchloric acid (HClO4), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works. All the chemicals used in the experiments were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Method Anodized

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• . Experimental Liquid-phase exfoliation of MoO3 Bulk molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (99% purity, 300 mesh) and 2-butanone was procured from Finar Limited (AR, 98% purity). All materials were used without further purification. Bulk MoO3 powder suspensions with different initial

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• protection. Water pollution with organic dyes (such as congo red, methylene blue, and methyl orange) is becoming a major environmental problem. Therefore, water purification technologies, such as photocatalytic purification, electrochemical oxidation, membrane filtration, ozonation, and chlorination

• flocculation, have attracted much attention recently [1][2][3]. The photocatalytic purification of water has the advantages of high efficiency, thoroughness, and no secondary pollution. Various refractory organic pollutants in water are thoroughly oxidized to non-toxic and less harmful substances. Thus

• , photocatalytic purification might become the main means for the treatment of water and air pollutants [4]. Photocatalytic reactions on metal oxide semiconductors can degrade many pollutants and are, thus, of great interest [5]. Photogenerated charge carriers formed through bandgap excitation can reduce or

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• under different temperatures and applied for the purification of water contaminated with dye molecules of different sizes and charge by adsorption. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, it was found that the hydrophobicity, pore size and mesopore volume increased. A mesoporous PDC sample obtained via

• ; polyaniline-derived carbon; water purification; Introduction Dyes have been widely used in a wide range of industries including textile, leather and paper, causing serious concern worldwide mainly because of the contamination of water resources. For example, around 700,000 tons of textile dyes are produced

• removal of contaminants of emerging concern, hazardous organics and persistent organic pollutants. Carbonaceous materials have been particularly attractive in the purification of contaminated water via adsorption because of the easy preparation of carbon materials [26], especially from waste materials [28

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• after purification obtained with DLS compared with the mean of hydrodynamic diameter and standard deviation obtained using NTA. Top 20 most abundant proteins in small silica (SNP-S) and carbon (CNP-S) nanoparticle hard corona samples at three different plasma concentrations (10, 40, 80%) based on the

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• immune response against weak antigens. In addition, subsequent purification and screening of the resulting antibodies are laborious and expensive, and their titer and affinity are often low. When gold nanoparticles are used as both a carrier and adjuvant, high-titer antisera are obtained that do not

• require further purification from ballast antibodies [56][101]. In this study, hexasaccharide fragments of LAM/AG with amino groups at the terminal position of short (С2) or elongated (С2ЕG7) spacer aglycons (Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2, respectively; Figure 1) were conjugated with pre-formed [67][94] gold

• rabbits without additional purification since it was reported that the presence of excess soluble antigen along with the same antigen immobilized on GNPs may be vital for inducing high levels of antibody response in immunization [98]. Although the role of the admixture of soluble antigen in inducing

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• , 98% purity), 1,4-dibromobutane (C4H8Br2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99% purity), 1,12-dibromododecane (C12H24Br2, Sigma-Aldrich, 98% purity), phthalimide potassium salt (C8H4KNO2, abcr, 98% purity) and hydrazine monohydrate (N2H2·H2O, acros organics, 99% purity) were used without further purification. Synthesis

• purification with EA and pentane (PE) (1:2) gave an orange solid. The product was characterized by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) n = 1: δ 7.90–7.84 (m, 6H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.42 (t, 4H), 7.34 (m, 3H), 4.39 (d, 2H, CH2, Fmoc), 4.28 (t, 1H, CH, Fmoc), 4.03 (d, 2H, CH2); n = 2

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• ; functionalized graphene; H2O2 production; water treatment; Introduction Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is identified as one among the most important 100 chemicals in the world, and its applications extend from the pharmaceutical industry to water purification [1][2][3]. Today, a majority of the required H2O2 is

• further purification. Ultrahigh purity oxygen (99.999%) was used for electrochemical reactions. Synthesis of electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) EEG was synthesized via a method reported previously [42][43], where the degree of functionalization can be tuned by changing the concentration of the

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• received without additional purification. The organic solvents were purified in accordance with standard procedures. Pillar[5]arene 1 was synthesized according to the literature procedures [48]. Synthesis of compounds 2–4 4,8,14,18,23,26,28,31,32,35-deca-[N-(2’,2’-dimethylaminoethyl)carbamoylmethoxy]pillar

• , slit width 1 nm). Deionized water with a resistivity >18.0 MΩ cm was used to prepare the solutions. The deionized water was obtained from a Millipore-Q purification system. Recording of the absorption spectra of the mixtures of pillar[5]arenes 3 and 4 (1 × 10−5 М) with AgNO3 (1 × 10−4 М) was carried

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• overexpression or mutations for several pathological conditions such as viral infections, cancer, genetic disorders, and autoimmune disorders such as arthritis [28][29]. Especially, BMV VLPs show potential for delivering siRNA due to easy production and purification, and high stability. Also, they can be readily

• coupling of drugs and molecular therapies, such as siRNA, in the same nanocarrier seems to be an excellent strategy to increase the efficiency of anti-cancer therapies. Experimental Production and purification of the virus CCMV and BMV were obtained from infected cowpea and barley plants, respectively. The

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• -ray scattering (WAXS); Introduction and Motivation Porous sp2-hybridized carbon materials are frequently used in various applications such as supercapacitors or batteries for the storage of electric energy, as filters for the purification of air or water, and in adsorption processes [1][2][3][4][5][6

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• , 99%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Fisher, 99%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Carolina Biological Supply, 6 M), and deionized water (DI, Fisher) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Fisher and used without further purification. Synthesis of pHEMA hydrogels pHEMA hydrogels were formed via chemical cross

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• trademark iGP (D ≈ 5 μm), iGP (D ≈ 44 μm), and iGP2 (D ≈ 5 μm) were labelled G1, G2, and G3. All GNPs were used as supplied by the producer without any purification or functionalization process. The physical properties of the GNPs are shown in Table 4. Preparation of polymer nanocomposites HDPE/GnP

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• -Aldrich were purchased and used without further purification. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared by using granulated table sugar. 2.0 g of sucrose was taken in a 100 mL borosil glass beaker. Then, the beaker was directly introduced into the preheated muffle furnace maintained at 475 ± 10 °C in

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• further purification. PVA as 3D printable filament (ultimaker) was bought from a local vendor (https://makerpoint.nl). For extruding the printable filament a Felfil Evo (https://felfil.com) was used and the filament was printed using a Ultimaker 2+ (Ultimaker) FDM printer. A Shimadzu UV1601 UV–vis was

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• carbon catalysts towards the ORR. Experimental Chemicals All chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and were used without further purification unless stated otherwise: Glucose (Amresco, 98%), ethanol (VWR, 99.5%), iron(III) nitrate anhydrous (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), hydrochloric acid (Merck

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• the nanoparticles and on their in vitro performance as carriers. Although both processes are characterized by a simple add–mix procedure of aqueous solutions, the absence of purification (dialysis) steps in the direct complexation method is particularly appealing. Besides the shorter time of

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• chemistry in the building of highly sensitive protein detection sensors needed, for example, in cancer biomarker detection. Experimental Chemicals Table 1 lists the most important materials used in this study. All other materials were of analytical grade and were used as-received without extra purification

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• on surfaces [45]. Experimental Synthesis of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n. The compound was synthesized following the previously published procedure [22]. All reagents and solvents were used as received without further purification. Growth of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica. Crystallization of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O] on freshly