The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• surface tension of the fluid. Elastocapillary self-assembly of NWs is an extensively investigated versatile and scalable method to design complex and robust surface nanoarchitectures [18]. For tuning and selectivity of the design of NW assemblies other approaches should be considered [19]. In hierarchical

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• more basic than the NaX zeolite based on acetone selectivity in the conversion of isopropanol to acetone and propene [24]. However, due to its microporous nature, to the best of our knowledge, in all reported studies on the transesterification of triglycerides (single-component or in mixtures/oils) for

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• selectivity, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and with low cost and low emission. Various fundamental areas of science and technology, such as organic synthesis [28][29][30], supramolecular organization [31][32][33][34][35], physical fabrication [36][37][38] and biotechnology [39][40][41], are

• sensors Advancements in sensor capabilities, including sensitivity, selectivity and usability, can be accomplished by ultrafine design of device mechanisms and sensing material structures. Both the device and sensing material design can be accomplished with a combined concept, nanoarchitectonics, derived

• transistor with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) system modified with molecularly imprinted polymer films [106]. The selectivity factor of ʟ-tryptophan over ᴅ-tryptophan and that of ʟ-tyrosine over ᴅ-tyrosine were 11.6 and 14.5, respectively. Life activities are also

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• toxicity, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, distribution and the payload being carried. Modified protein cages are robust systems that combine imaging capabilities and target selectivity on the same platform. One application is the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Current

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• in catalytic reactions, resulting in targeted product selectivity and hence are, in principle, excellent hosts for metal nanoparticles [11]. Similarly, zeotype materials such as zeolites and aluminophosphates (AlPOs) also possess a wide range of secondary functionalities that could synergise with the

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• advantage for favorable interaction toward target sorbate molecules. A control in thickness and composition of the film should also be achieved when varying the type and the concentration of nanoporous polymers, which will affect the permeability and selectivity of polymer films for adsorption applications

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• (HAADF-STEM) and supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), selected-area energy diffraction (SAED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). NiGa@[BMIm][NTf2] catalyze the semihydrogenation of 4-octyne to 4-octene with 100% selectivity towards (E)-4-octene over five runs, but with poor

• conversion values. IL-free, precipitated NiGa nanoparticles achieve conversion values of over 90% and selectivity of 100% towards alkene over three runs. Keywords: ionic liquids; microwave decomposition; nickel/gallium nanoparticles; semihydrogenation catalysis; soft wet-chemical synthesis; Introduction

• -group metals such as gallium to transition metals can significantly improve the catalytic selectivity towards semihydrogenation reactions, e.g., PdGa [26][27][28] and RhGa [29]. Intermetallic nanoparticles of nickel and gallium have been proven as efficient catalysts in semihydrogenation reactions

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• conformational changes of molecular receptors at the air–water interface results in a change of the chiral selectivity towards aqueous amino acids [174][175], or of the optimum guest structure from thymine to uracil derivatives [176][177]. Regulation of molecular interaction at liquid interfaces yields a novel

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• between the two metal oxides. The sensor based on the Mn3O4/WO3 composite with 3 atom % Mn showed a high selective response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO) at working temperatures of 90 °C, 150 °C and 210 °C, respectively. The demonstrated superior selectivity opens the

• door for potential applications in gas recognition and detection. Keywords: Mn3O4/WO3 composites; heterojunctions; working temperature; gas sensing; selectivity; Introduction Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a highly stable, classical transition metal oxide. When synthesized, WO3 usually presents a yellowish

• to enhance the selectivity of WO3-based gas sensors. Previous studies found that the gas sensing response of pure phase WO3 is usually low and improving this response for a particular gas could simultaneously enhance their selectivity [7][8][9]. Kabcum et al. developed a sensor based on PdO

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• selectivity to target gases. The aim of this work is the comparison of gas sensing properties of tin dioxide in the form of individual nanowires and nanopowders obtained by sol–gel synthesis. This comparison is necessary because the traditional synthesis procedures of small particle, metal oxide materials

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.10.130 Abstract A controllable ion transport including ion selectivity and ion rectification across nanochannels or porous membranes is of great importance because of potential applications ranging from biosensing to energy conversion

• -transport properties, namely, ion selectivity, ion rectification and ion pumping of biological ion channels have been successfully achieved in solid-state materials [14][15][16]. All these controllable active and passive ion transport mechanisms are based on the electrical double layer (EDL) effect [17][18

• nanochannels preferentially transport anions instead of cations, while the negatively charged nanochannels selectively transport cations [19][20][21]. This is the origin of ion selectivity. To realize ion rectification, asymmetric nanochannels and/or asymmetric surface-charge distributions are needed. In this

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• selectivity In order to proceed to a first screening of the as-prepared catalysts, their electrochemical properties were evaluated by RRDE measurements. It is worth noting that electrocatalyst investigations are usually performed with a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) in acidic or alkaline media. Previous

• ORR is electrolyte- and particle-size-dependent, as is already known, but also support-dependent, at least for small (2 nm) nanoparticles. For such smaller NPs, it is plausible that a modification of the d-band center occurs upon modification of the support [77]. The ORR selectivity is also a critical

• issue for a PEMFC catalyst. A well-known phenomenon of catalyst degradation is due to the formation of hydrogen peroxide near the electrolyte membrane [78]. Moreover, it was shown that in aqueous KNO3 solutions, nitrogen-doped carbon structures were active for ORR with lower H2O2 selectivity than Pt/C

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• . Keywords: covalent triazine frameworks; CO2 adsorption; CO2/N2 selectivity; dehydrogenation catalysis; ionothermal conditions; Introduction Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in carbon-based nanomaterials as functional devices for energy-related applications [1]. Their unique properties

• specific process rate (λ) and ST selectivity, even under operative conditions close to those of industrial plants [34]. Among these, CTFs have unambiguously exhibited superior activity and selectivity in the process [30] compared to carbon-based and metal-based state-of-the-art systems [35][36][37][38][39

• selectivity) as well as stability on stream. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of CTF1–5 CTF samples have been prepared under ionothermal conditions, using molten ZnCl2 as reaction medium and Lewis acid cyanotrimerization catalyst [14]. As ZnCl2 is supposed to act as a porogene, it was

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• morphologies, to immobilize these types of nanoparticles mainly plays a role in i) the control of their size and size distribution on the solid surface, ii) the mitigation or suppression of the nanoparticle aggregation, and iii) the hierarchical design for selectivity enhancements in the catalytic

• the selectivity of phenol are 72 and 96%, respectively) after visible-light irradiation for 5 h. The photocatalytic reaction efficiency on the oxidation of benzene (referred to both benzene elimination yield and the selectivity of the formation of phenol) was substantially changed when the reactions

• were conducted in the presence of phenol (starting from a benzene/phenol mixture in water). There is a demand for an alternative to the commonly used cumene process in the production of phenol. A photocatalytic reaction with high yields and selectivity of phenol can be highly suitable for mass

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• selectivity and specificity of the grafted biological functional entity [22], which includes peptides [23][24]. Presentation of a functional peptide by means of a nanoparticle has a number of advantages. Thus, nanoparticle conjugation may enhance the solubility of the peptide, as well as enhance the

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• molecules (Raman reporters) resonant at the probe wavelength, where the entire structure is embedded in a stabilizing matrix [13][16][17][18][19]. When selectivity is required, the surface of the Raman tag should expose a targeting function for binding the analyte [13][16][17]. When the analytes can be

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• detection; graphene integration; gravimetric biosensor; surface functionalization; Introduction Gravimetric biosensors based on microscale mechanical or electromechanical resonators have attracted significant interest in recent years mainly due to the high sensitivity and selectivity they can attain if

• sensor with the desired selectivity and sensitivity to the targeted species. Selectivity mainly depends on the specificity of the receptor (e.g., for proteins, aptamers or antibodies) to the targeted species and the non-specific binding degree of other species that can be achieved; effective

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• mediated by nanomaterials is less invasive than laser irradiation alone, requires lower radiation intensity, and its selectivity towards the tumor can be adjusted by carefully engineering the light-responsive nanostructure. In general, nanomaterials in the size range of 100–200 nm should give the maximum

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• response and selectivity. This would make the detection of polar and nonpolar gas species employing low-power gas sensors easier, even under fluctuating ambient moisture conditions. Keywords: carbon length chain; gas sensing mechanism; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs

• such as lack of selectivity, environmental variations (e.g., changes in humidity level) affecting sensor response, or the difficulty to detect gases characterized by low adsorption energies are often encountered [11]. In order to enhance their selectivity and/or their sensitivity, CNTs have been

• , different carbon nanotube sensors have been reported for detecting toxic pollutants emitted from vehicle exhaust [22][23], hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [24] or chemical warfare agents (CWAs) [25][26]. Usually, these modified carbon nanotubes improve the selectivity, because the chemical

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ][15][16][17]. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on decreasing the size of metal nanoparticles in order to improve the surface area/volume ratio of low-coordinated metal atoms in order to enhance the selectivity toward specific species and to improve the electrocatalytic performance

• catalyst for further investigation of CO2 conversion due to its high selectivity and activation for CO2. The study shows that Mo-doped BN monolayers can be used as a promising catalyst for CO2 reduction to CH4 with a low limiting potential of −0.45 V. More importantly, Mo is an abundant element in the

• , we can explicitly determine that the Mo-doped BN monolayer exhibits high activation and selectivity as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to CH4 along the whole reaction pathway. Moreover, the value of the energy input is also noteworthy. To sum up, the rate-determining step of CRR is the last

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• thermodynamical properties including pH, adsorption isotherms, competitive adsorption, selectivity and regeneration were studied to investigate the effect of ketoenol–pyridine–furan–silica (SiNL) on the removal of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. An increase in adsorption as a function of

• fast uranyl species sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity [43]. Our group has also recently prepared several β-ketoenols derivatives incorporated at the surface silica as effective and stable adsorbents for selective removal of toxic metals from water [44][45][46][47][48]. In the present work

• and NaOH solution. Selectivity. The selectivity sorption of Zn(II) ion was studied using solution containing: Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions (100 mg·L−1 of each, pH 6). Then, 10 mg of SiNL was added into 10 mL of the metal solution at room temperature for 60 min. The atomic adsorption

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• under atmospheric pressure with 94% selectivity towards benzaldehyde. Keywords: benzyl alcohol oxidation; glutathione; gold nanoclusters; partial defunctionalization; supported catalyst; zirconium oxide nanoparticles; Introduction Since Haruta’s discovery of the catalytic activity of gold

• has been shown that the presence or absence of the thiolate ligand affects the catalytic activity and selectivity of gold thiolate clusters [17][18]. For example, high activity in the aerobic epoxidation of trans-stilbene was observed using non-calcined Au25(SPhNH2)17@SBA-15, whereas upon calcination

• activity and selectivity of the heterogeneously catalyzed benzyl alcohol oxidation. Results and Discussion Catalyst characterization A Au25(SG)18@ZrO2 composite material (A), with a theoretical gold loading of 1 wt % Au, was prepared by depositing Au25(SG)18 gold clusters on ZrO2 nanoparticles. Zirconium

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• their action specifically to the malignant cells. The selectivity improvement yielded by these nanocarriers provided a significative enhancement in the efficacy of the transported drug, while the apparition of side effects in the host was reduced. Additionally, it is possible to incorporate targeting

• selectivity affecting also the surrounding healthy tissues, in the case of surgery and radiotherapy, and/or to the whole organism, in the case of chemotherapy. This last strategy could be visualized as carpet bombing with the aim of destroying an enemy army that is hidden in a populated city. In many cases

• strategy is the so-called “cellular or secondary targeting”, because it is generally based on a ligand–receptor-mediated endocytosis, triggered by the strong interaction of the targeting group with the membrane receptor of the tumoral cell. It improves the selectivity of the treatment achieving a drastic

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• properties [2][3]. In particular, they have been extensively researched in gas sensing applications because of their high thermal and chemical stability, high adsorption capacity and suitability for being functionalized, which enables tailoring (to some extent) their sensitivity and selectivity to the

• tailoring the selectivity of CNTs towards target gases, one of the simplest consists of decorating the outer wall of CNTs with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles [6][7][8][9]. In some cases, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles show interesting catalytic properties for the decomposition of target molecules

• improving their interaction with gas molecules. Sensitivity and selectivity can be tailored by selecting the type of metal oxide employed, the size of nanoparticles and the decoration density or loading [6][10][11]. Metal oxides have been extensively investigated for sensing a wide range of gases [12][13

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• curing process in order to render it compatible with fluorine etch and other plasma chemistries [33]. These new resists include novel fullerene formulations from Irresistible Materials Ltd (IM) and Birmingham University, UK, which have demonstrated etch selectivity with respect to Si of 9:1 in fluorine

• rates of the substrate materials to be made and hence the selectivity. A set of EBID masks with structures between 8 and 20 nm were fabricated using the platinum precursor MeCpPtMe3 on a silicon substrate with a 20 kV, 40 pA beam providing a dose of 4000 C·m−2 in ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) mode. The