Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• temperature field and the gas phase chemistry evolve concurrently inside the flame [24]; thus, particle formation and CNT growth occur almost instantaneously. The rapid particle formation from the surface breakup produces a heterogenous particle size distribution. Consequently, particle bundles can be

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• spherical shape. Figure 3b shows the size distribution and the log-normal fit, from which a mean of 12.75 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15.41 nm were obtained. The GQDs vary in size from 5 to 40 nm, with the highest number of dots having a size in the 10–20 nm range. The HRTEM image of the

• -based nanosensor described here could be used in future to develop portable monitoring systems for water contamination. Fabrication of the GQDs/GCE electrochemical nanosensor for the detection of malathion. (a) UV–vis absorption spectrum and (b) photoluminescence spectra of GQDs. (a) TEM image, (b) size

• distribution along with log-normal fit, (c) HRTEM image, and (d) AFM image of GQDs. (a) XRD pattern and (b) EDX spectra (inset showing weight and atomic percent of carbon and oxygen) of GQDs. (a) FTIR spectrum and (b) Raman spectrum of GQDs. EIS measurement of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− at the

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• magnetic field, shown in Figure 5b, are presented in Figure 5с. The particle size distribution for this assembly is given in Figure 5d. It is easy to see that in the given case only particles located in a small cylindrical region near the FFP with a radius of about 1 cm are capable of effectively absorbing

• the energy of the ac magnetic field. Furthermore, near the FFP the assembly SAR reaches 200 W/g. However, if the assembly of nanoparticles contains a large fraction of nanoparticles with the particle size distribution shown in Figure 5f, the spatial SAR distribution near the FFP changes. Figure 5e

• magnitude of dc and ac magnetic fields, as well as the size distribution in an assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. In particular, in the considered example, it seems preferable to use an assembly of nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution in the range D = 20–25 nm. Conclusion It is known [1][2][7

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• detector), (d) sample 2 (low magnification, SE detector), and (e) sample 2 (high magnification, SE detector). Size distribution histograms of (c) sample 1 and (f) sample 2. XPS core level spectra. (a) Al 2p of alumina, (b) Al 2p of sample 1, (c) Cr 2p of sample 1, (d) Al 2p of sample 2, and (e) Fe 2p of

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• fitting. Figure 4c indicates the size distribution of both samples. The average particle size of the Ch/Q-Ag NPs was calculated as 11.2 ± 2.4 nm, whereas it was found to be 10.3 ± 2.4 nm for the Ch/CA-Ag NPs. To visualize the organic shell structure that covers the Ag NPs, which is difficult to display in

• (Ch/Q-)-, and (b) the chitosan/caffeic acid (Ch/CA-)-capped Ag NPs, including the spectra of chitosan, quercetin, and caffeic acid used in the synthesis of the NPs. TEM images of (a) the chitosan/quercetin- (Ch/Q-) and (b) the chitosan/caffeic acid (Ch/CA-)-capped Ag NPs. (c) Size distribution

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• insights into the concentration, while indirect interconversion of size distribution and concentration to mass can provide a reasonable non-destructive path to the assessment of dose based on total particle mass. The latter allows the system to be assessed on a per-particle basis with subsequent

• solution available at present. In the interim, with no “silver bullet” method available, there is likely great benefit in a quantification regime that may allow the key dosing values to be obtained through a combination of complementary methods (i.e., individual particle size distribution measurements

• determination of particle potency (NAT per NP). Other multiexperiment options, though time-consuming, may allow for the proper level of NP characterization. For example, the use of multi-angle light scattering [63], gravimetric analysis, and particle counting, if used in a concerted approach, can provide size

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• properties, drug loading, and drug release are discussed. We highlight the utilization of ethyl cellulose, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polyurethane/polyurea in the field of nanomedicine as potential drug delivery systems. Advances are still needed to achieve better control over size distribution

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• (arginine) amino acids. The hypotheses of this study were as follows: (1) The basic serine and arginine residues in the SiBP can facilitate hydrolysis of the precursor molecules and, thus, catalyze the synthesis of SiO2 particles. (2) The affinity of the SiBP to SiO2 can narrow down the size distribution of

• possible that SiBP binding to the particles results in the negligible effect on reaction rate and yield. All groups containing NH3 yielded spherical submicrometer particles characteristic to the Stöber method (Figure 3a–d). However, a decrease in average particle size and size distribution was observed

• with increasing SiBP concentrations (Figure 3e,f). The PDI for the NH3 + 1 mM SiBP was lower compared to other groups containing NH3, indicating a narrower size distribution. However, the other groups also yielded monodisperse distributions with PDIs below 0.080 (Figure 3a–d). The second hypothesis of

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• based on atomic force microscopy images of thousands of flakes, the shape and size distribution of nanotalc obtained using the four different media are compared. This comparison highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the media tested and hopefully will facilitate the choice of the medium for

• for a thicker first layer and/or exfoliation medium residue [6][24]). At the same time, even without an in-depth analysis, it is clear that the medium has a very important influence on the flake size distribution. The sample exfoliated in sodium cholate at 6 mg/mL has visually fewer flakes in the pink

• is the least symmetrical sample regarding the shape parameters, but it is fairly trimmed and the most symmetrical in flake size distribution. Conclusion A thorough characterization of flake size and shape was performed for samples of liquid-phase exfoliated talc in four different media. LPE is a

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• reaction conditions (e.g., time, temperature, purity, or ratio of reagents) considerably influence the properties of the obtained nanoparticles [16]. Besides the narrow size distribution of the particles obtained by thermal decomposition, particle preparation with various morphologies (e.g., spherical

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• tested on mononuclear cells. Ag/AgCl nanoparticles with spherical and triangular morphology were obtained. The size of the nanoparticles (10–70 nm) and the size distribution depended on the reaction temperature. A dose close to 20 µg/mL of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles considerably decreased the cell viability

• ) is broader than that of the reactions at 60 and 80 °C. This behavior may be related to a larger size distribution of the nanoparticles. Hence, the uniformity of the nanoparticles is higher at 60 and 80 °C. This result is consistent with Nayak et al. [37], who reported an optimal temperature of 80 °C

• reaction temperature. If the size of the nanoparticles is considered, as the reaction temperature increases, the nanoparticles become larger or the size distribution becomes broader. At room temperature and at 60 °C, the nanoparticles are less than 50 nm in size, but at 80 °C the nanoparticles reach a size

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• characterization of AB-LNPs. (a) Size distribution of Au-LNPs and AB-LNPs. Digital photo of AB-LNPs showing distinct Tyndall effects. (b) UV–vis spectra of BDP and AB-LNPs. (c) TEM image of AB-LNPs. Photothermal properties of AB-LNPs. (a) Photothermal heating curves for AB-LNPs at different BDP concentrations with

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• capillary cell. Particle size measurements were made at an angle of 173°, while zeta potential measurements were made at an angle of 12.8°. All formulations were measured at 25°C in triplicate. The particle size distribution was expressed as mean diameter (nm) ± standard deviation (SD) and PDI. The zeta

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• g−1. The BJH adsorption pore size distribution indicated the dominance of mesopores (2 nm < d < 50 nm) with an average pore size of 4.42 nm. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm demonstrated a H4 type hysteresis curve indicating narrow slit-like pores in the as-synthesized sample. In comparison

• , the HBN nanopowder had a BET surface area of 19.14 m2 g−1 with a pore volume of 0.0385 cm3 g−1. The BJH adsorption pore size distribution indicated an average pore size of 3.63 nm with dominance of mesopores (1.54 nm < d < 60 nm). The BJH adsorption pore size distribution along with the BET adsorption

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• ) in ultrapure aqueous solution, Pent solution in ethanol (green line, 52.5 µg/mL) d = 0.2 cm. (C) Size distribution (or DH) of nanoGS (red line) and nanoGSP (purple line) in a molar ratio of CD/Pent 1:1 in ultrapure water at 25 °C. Informative changes evidenced in the range of 3.2–4.2 ppm and 60.04

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• approaches affect the topological size and size distribution of semiconductor photocatalysts, substantially influencing adsorption characteristics and photocatalytic efficacy. As well as affecting the environment, synthesis size, and cost, the fabrication method also affects manufacturing safety

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• nanostructures, which shows that the prepared samples are composed of large-scale roll-like one-dimensional nanostructures, comparable to the shape of cinnamon sticks. Most nanostructures exhibit one flat end and a tip at the other end. The size distribution of the nanostructures is shown in the inset of Figure

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• broad particle size distribution, which was observed to be in the range of 2–80 μm. The polydispersity due to evaporation in the spark helps to select particles of suitable diameter size. The evaporation of sparks is a universal process that can be applied to basically all metals suitable as electrodes

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• have a good QY up to 48.5% and emit strong blue fluorescence [122]. Soni et al. synthesized CDs, co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur, from palm shell powder as a natural precursor with trifilic acid. The obtained CDs had a graphite-like structure, a narrow size distribution, and showed intense green

• though they have the same chemical surface groups and particle size distribution, they both have varying levels of surface oxidation. The emission wavelength moved from 518 to 543 nm as the degree of surface oxidation increased, which gives an indication about the reduction of band gap between LUMO and

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• size distribution of the particles (100–800 nm, Figure 5a and Figure S9, Supporting Information File 1). It is important to mention that we do not see the particles outside the rGO nanosheets, despite their large sizes and the sonication during sample preparation. This is because of the functional

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• the literature [48][49]. The pore size distribution of the samples was shown in Figure S2. The distribution between 2 and 50 nm indicated that the prepared perovskite oxides were mesoporous. The summary of the specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume for all the samples with different Fe/Ni

• kinetic analysis of LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides prepared at pH 0 and pH 7. Supporting Information Figure S1: The nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of the samples with different Fe/Ni synthesis ratios at pH 0. Figure S2: Pore size distribution of the samples with different Fe/Ni synthesis

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• polydispersity index (PdI) from 0.075 to 0.115, indicating a narrow size distribution. Crosslinking for 15 min did not result in stable particles with uniform colloidal properties. The surface charge of gelatin nanoparticles is clearly pH-dependent. At a pH value of 7.5 ± 0.1, the zeta potential values ranged

• size distribution. The zeta potential of FITC-dextran-loaded particles was slightly increased in comparison to the unloaded ones, which can be due to a slightly lower crosslinking rate. Sizes, PdI, and zeta potential of all formulations are listed in Table 1. Particle imaging in the QI™-mode allowed to

• extract the height image from the force–distance curves acquired at each pixel. Particles were well distributed on substrates showing no agglomeration and a narrow size distribution. GNPs occur with a smooth surface and are spherically shaped when measured under liquid conditions. Particles crosslinked

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• powder (16.0 m2·g−1) [52]. This is mainly benefited from the uniform and compact dispersion of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes without aggregation. The corresponding pore size distribution pattern analyzed by the BJH model exhibits a sharp peak at approx. 3 nm and a wide peak at

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• spectra demonstrated that the solubility of BBR NPs was greatly enhanced compared to that of pure BBR. Glycerol played a role as a stabilizer for BBR NPs through the formation of hydrogen bonds between glycerol and BBR NPs. The prepared BBR NPs have a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of

• explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the oxygen-containing groups (methoxy and furyl groups) of BBR and the –OH group of glycerol in water [38]. Morphology and size distribution of BBR NPs The SEM image (Figure 3a) shows that pure BBR forms tightly agglomerated rods with rectangular cross

• the particles, polydispersity, and the agglomeration of particles during DLS analysis [39]. The BBR NPs prepared at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL showed a narrow size distribution by intensity (Figure 3c). The z-average diameter of BBR NPs was 530.6 nm (Supporting Information File 1). In addition, its