Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• that the radical sites generated in the DEA process substantially stimulate the cross-linking process and that the very effective iodine loss in the DEA process should thus be reflected in the cross-linking efficiency. The decrease of the intensity maximum of the thiol sulfur S 2p3/2 peak at a binding

• energy (BE) of 162 eV and a formation and increase of a new sulfur species with a S 2p3/2 peak at BE = 163.5 eV due to radiation-induced formation of new sulfur species, such as disulfides and/or thioethers [2]. This may be regarded as an indirect indicator for the transition of SAMs into CNMs and for

• respective halogenated biphenyls as a function of the irradiation time and thus the electron dose. Figure 3 shows the XPS data of the sulfur S 2p region for SAMs from 2-Cl-BPT, 2-Br-BPT and 2-I-BPT. For reference, XPS data for the SAMs from native non-halogenated BPT are also shown. Similar to Figure 2, the

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• nanocomposite materials in ionic liquids (ILs) to yield selectively phase-pure metal-fluoride nanoparticles (MFx-NPs) supported on the TRGO as stable colloids (Scheme 1). The used TRGO starting materials differed in the temperatures at which they were reduced (300, 400 or 750 °C) and in the presence of sulfur

• TRGO-400 by reaction with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and propylene sulfide. Subsequently, the TRGO-SH carries sulfur functionalities on the surface that were intended to increase the interactions with the nanoparticles (see Scheme S2, Supporting Information File 1) [7]. Also, from cobalt amidinate

• presence of sulfur functionalities. The nanoparticles exhibited mostly diameters of less than 30 nm. For cobalt it was only possible to support non-aggregated CoF2 particles on TRGO-SH. The results support the advantages of the metal-organic precursor concept based on metal amidinates together with non

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• improvement of the tribological behavior of the same type of sliding pairs when 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate was added to the model lubricant fluid (glycerol). They attributed this to sulfur species in the tribofilm. Gusain et al. [15] synthesized bis-imidazolium ILs that proved to be efficient as

• -like contaminations on the Si surface. In the case of the IL mixtures, no important differences exist among the C 1s signals: Two peaks may be fitted in the same positions, the intensity of the aliphatic carbon being lower in the PEG + [EMIM][EtSO4] sample. The most intense XPS sulfur peak is the S 2p

• , while the Si-OH groups were not found to give a significant contribution [37]. In this case, the positive role of the [EtSO4] anion seems to overlap the poor efficiency of the [EMIM] cation. Other authors [38][39] tested the frictional behavior of ILs composed of the cation [EMIM] and the sulfur-based

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• the deposition of ca. 0.2 monolayers of Si at room temperature are shown. The pristine MoS2 surface appears very smooth. Usually only the top sulfur layer is resolved, resulting in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry and a lattice constant of 3.16 Å (see Figure 1b,c). The pristine MoS2 contains some

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• equivalent weight 24 (LEUNA-Harze GmbH); graphite intercalated compound (GIC) of 30–50 mesh, 3.1% sulfur (3772, Anthracite Industries, Inc. a subsidiary of Asbury Carbons); surface-active agents (SAAs) for SG treatment used in this study: polyether polyol (MW = 4000, hydroxyl number: 28 mg KOH/g, (Grade 4200

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• -C3N4–Ag3VO4, g-C3N4–ZnWO4, g-C3N4–SrTiO3, g-C3N4–BiWO4, and g-C3N4–Bi2WO6. Such kinds of nanocomposites have been widely explored with remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance as compared to their respective bare counterparts. Recently, Woo et al. [84] reported their investigation on a sulfur

• various photocatalytic reactions. However, a very high exciton recombination rate limits the photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4. Hence, to overcome this issue, the heterojunction formation with an ideal material like g-C3N4 is one of the promising strategies. The sulfur-doped g-C3N4-BiVO4 nanocomposite

• was fabricated by a one-pot impregnation co-precipitation method as shown in Figure 12a. The S doping was introduced to narrow the band gap of g-C3N4 by stacking its 2p orbitals on the valence band of bare g-C3N4 which eventually contributes to increase the efficiency. Furthermore, the sulfur doping

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• substrate temperature. The applied sputter deposition process employs a MoS2 target sputtered by argon ions. Ar (atomic number 18) preferably sputters light sulfur atoms (atomic number 16) from the target. Heavier molybdenum atoms (atomic number 42) are harder to sputter. Thus sputter and back-sputter

• process may result in non-stoichiometric, sulfur rich composition in our PVD films. In keeping with this, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the films in general gave slightly S-enriched Mo/S ratios of 1:2.1. Furthermore, also argon or residual oxygen might have been incorporated into

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• as the sulfur source and as the stabilizing ligand for the nanocrystals. A Cu/In ratio of 0.7 was used for the synthesis because Cu-deficient CIS QDs exhibit higher PL quantum yields than those prepared with a stoichiometric Cu/In ratio [43]. To improve the PL efficiency, a ZnS shell was coated on

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

• coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With these technics, the composition, the chemical and physical proprieties of fly ash are determined. The results obtained by these analysis show that fly ash is mainly composed of carbon, and it contains also sulfur and metals

• were V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The minor constituents (10–100 mg/kg) include Br, Si, and Al. The fly ash contains also toxic elements such as Pb, As, Zn, and Cr but with relatively low concentrations. In addition, the fly ash samples have been analyzed for carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen

• (CHN elemental analysis). Table 2 shows the results of the fly ash samples. It should be noted that fly ash is black, which indicates a high carbon content (90.81 wt %). It also contains a high amount of sulfur (6.17 wt %). Combustion of fly ash As indicated in Table 2, fly ash is mainly composed of

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• indication that at 170 °C the dopant ions partially substitute K+ in the tunnels. The EXAFS spectrum of this sample also indicates a distortion of the symmetry of the chromium site. In addition, all samples contain sulfur. The average sulfur content falls in the range between 1.1 and 3.1 atom % (Table 1

• ). The sulfur detected in the samples is originating from the sulfuric acid that was a part of the reaction mixture [26]. The chemical composition of an individual nanorod (Co-90) was determined using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in combination with high-angle annular dark field scanning

• depositing a droplet of the dispersion on a lacey-carbon-coated copper grid. The elemental analysis of potassium, sulfur, manganese and cobalt/chromium was performed with the FE-SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Standard K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of the

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• selenoacetate Trp1SeAc (compare Scheme S1 in the Supporting Information File 1). Selenoacetate compounds can be used to form selenolate SAMs on gold surfaces [8]. Earlier work on homologous sulfur compounds revealed that free thiol groups are incompatible with benzyne [28]. Yet, it could be shown that formation

• of the triptycene group by reaction of anthracene moieties with benzyne is possible if the sulfur atom is protected, e.g., with an acyl group [28]. We suspected the selenol group to be similarly unstable towards benzyne as the thiol group and thus aimed to protect it. For this purpose, 9

• of S+ (m/z = 32), Se+ (m/z = 79), triptycyl+ (m/z = 253), triptycylmethyl+ (m/z = 267) and triptycylsulfur+ (m/z = 285). Since the molecular masses of the other sulfur- and selenium-based fragments are close to or even beyond the maximum detectable mass of the used apparatus, we scanned the molecular

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• presence of sulfur, which limited the aggregation of Co particles and formed Co–S compounds, was suggested to enable the chirality selectivity toward the (9,8) tubes. In [119], large diameter SWCNTs with a narrow (n,m) distribution and dominant (13,12) tubes (d = 1.67 nm) were synthesized in aerosol

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• %, nitrogen contents between 6 and 7%, and sulfur contents around 15%. In the case of the IGs based on the monoliths made from acetone, the carbon contents are somewhat more scattered and vary from around 40 to 48%, while the H, N, and S contents are again rather constant at around 5 to 8%, 5 to 8%, and 15 to

• materials with a high application potential in various fields. Ball-and-stick representation of the simulation box. Visualized with TRAVIS [43] and vmd [44]. Left: cations in green and anions in red. Right: carbon in orange, sulfur in yellow, oxygen in red, nitrogen in blue, and hydrogen in white

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• that a high gold content enhances the gas sensor response, thanks to the great affinity between gold and sulfur atoms of thiol groups [50]. Therefore, the increase in the Au NP density enhances the amount of the adsorption sites for H2S, resulting in a higher sensitivity and selectivity towards H2S gas

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• used to characterize the surface region of the NP-based film. From the overview spectrum (Figure 3c) the presence of oxygen, titanium, carbon and sulfur can be seen; no other elements were detected on the film surface. The Ti 2p spectrum corresponds well to literature data [20][21] of TiO2, and fits

• bound with PTSA. (a) TEM images of TiO2 nanoparticles; (b) Raman spectrum of the NP-based thin film showing the existence of the anatase crystal phase (Eg band at 151 cm−1); (c) XPS overview spectrum demonstrating the presence of titanium, oxygen, carbon and sulfur in the NP-based thin film; (d) Ti 2p

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• -based anodes. To match the practical use of Si-based anodes, sulfur (1675 mAh/g) and/or transition-metal-sulphides might be the potential candidates for the state-of-the-art commercial cathodes [15]. In addition, the rate performance of the resulting Si anode was tested and the result is illustrated as

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• second element is needed to couple with S2− from the Na2S. In most studies, sulfur is added to the sulfide salt to form a polysulfide (S2−/Sx2−) redox couple. From the above results it is evident that polysulphide electrolyte is more suitable for achieving better efficiency whereas the I−/I3− system is

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• , to let the sulfur of the –SH group bind covalently to the Au surface (chemisorption). The substrates were then gently washed with their aqueous solutions and dried under nitrogen flow. All the lipids were dissolved in chloroform/methanol 2:1 vol/vol, dried under a gentle nitrogen flux in a test tube

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• strongly depend on the grain boundary character and structure [69][80][81][82][83][84]. Bouchet and Priester [82][83] have found that the intergranular segregation of sulfur in Ni occurred preferentially at high-energy general random boundaries, but is very difficult or small at low-energy special

• micrographs of the propagation path of cracks produced by Vickers indentation tests at a load of 1.96 N for the sulfur-doped submicrometer-grained Ni specimens with different grain boundary microstructures [85]. Type A and Type B specimens had different fractions of low-Σ CSL boundaries (including low-angle

• our recent work on sulfur-doped polycrystalline Ni [87]. Effects of grain boundary microstructure on fatigue deformation and fracture in nanocrystalline Ni–P alloy In recent years, it has been revealed that grain boundaries play important and different roles in fatigue crack nucleation [88][89][90][91

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• if an abundance of sulfur source is present in the precursor solution (SbCl3/SC(NH2)2 = 1:6) sprayed onto the substrate at 250 °C in air. Solar cells with glass-ITO-TiO2-Sb2S3-P3HT-Au structure and an active area of 1 cm2 had an open circuit voltage of 630 mV, short circuit current density of 5 mA

• temperature of 255 °C leads to films that consist of orthorhombic stibnite and a secondary phase that was identified as Sb2O3 [23]. To suppress the formation of oxides, an excess of sulfur source in the precursor solution may be required as indicated by similar studies for indium sulfide [25][26], zinc

• test the Sb2S3 layer in a planar TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT configuration solar cell. In the present work we will show that by using an excess of thiourea as the sulfur source in the spray solution, such as with a SbCl3/tu molar ratio of 1:6, one can rapidly grow single-phase and crystalline Sb2S3 by ultrasonic

An efficient recyclable magnetic material for the selective removal of organic pollutants

• Clément Monteil,
• Nathalie Bar,
• Agnès Bee and
• Didier Villemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1447–1453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.136

• MO sulfonate groups are at the maximum intensity. Concerning the MB, the sulfur atom is always positively charged. The adsorption therefore increases after the second deprotonation of phosphonate, and is maximized above pKa of the ammonium/amine deprotonation, where repulsive forces are negligible

Fracture behaviors of pre-cracked monolayer molybdenum disulfide: A molecular dynamics study

• Qi-lin Xiong,
• Zhen-huan Li and
• Xiao-geng Tian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1411–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.132

• is displayed), unless otherwise specified, this model size will be used in most of the simulations. The SW potential [15] is adopted to describe the interaction between molybdenum and sulfur atoms in the MoS2 sheets due to its good agreement with the experimental data and its successful usage in the

• simulation. The top and side views of atomic structures under different uniaxial tension strains are shown in Figure 3. From Figure 3, the structure consisting of molybdenum and sulfur atoms varies suddenly at the engineering strain of about 18%. Please see Supporting Information File 1 and Supporting

• tension. From animation, the structure consisting of molybdenum and sulfur atoms varies suddenly at the engineering strain of about 18%. Supporting Information File 177: View 1 of structure transition of MoS2. Supporting Information File 178: View 2 of structure transition of MoS2. Acknowledgements This

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• the use in lithium–sulfur batteries because of the large internal void offering space for sulfur and polysulfide storage and confinement. However, there is an ongoing discussion whether the cavity is accessible for sulfur. Yet no valid proof of cavity filling has been presented, mostly due to

• application of unsuitable high-vacuum methods for the analysis of sulfur distribution. Here we describe the distribution of sulfur in hollow carbon spheres by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy along with results from scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen physisorption. The results of these

• methods lead to the conclusion that the cavity is not accessible for sulfur infiltration. Nevertheless, HCS/sulfur composite cathodes with areal sulfur loadings of 2.0 mg·cm−2 were investigated electrochemically, showing stable cycling performance with specific capacities of about 500 mAh·g−1 based on the

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• interactions were predicted between the isoconazole and sulfur-containing methionine amino acid residues of InhA (Met98, Met103, and Met199). Also an arene–H interaction was obtained between the imidazole ring of isoconazole and NAD+ cofactor. The catalytic residues of InhA Tyr158 and Thr196 provided polar

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• (thiols, disulfides), and related moieties on coinage metals, particularly Au(111), Ag, Cu as well as Pt, Hg, GaAs(100) and InP(100) surfaces [23]. Particularly, the sulfur–gold bond is the most popular and the most extensively investigated junction for anchoring organic molecules on metal surfaces

• with oxygen and can be handled even under ambient conditions in the laboratory before its surface functionalization with organosulfur compounds. The covalent bond between sulfur and gold gives rise to robust and reasonably conductive single-molecular junctions of adsorbed molecules on gold substrates

• -known long range 22 × √3 herringbone reconstruction with both face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) domains. But the absorption of sulfur-containing molecules (e.g., thiol, disulfide) on Au(111) forms a strong covalent bond and induces significant changes in the surface