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Search for "surface roughness" in Full Text gives 257 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

  • Johannes Schneider,
  • Vergil Djamiykov and
  • Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

Graphical Abstract
  • friction forces encountered for sliding speeds between 40 and 70 mm/s. For even slower sliding, a more classical mixed lubrication contact is formed, as it is also encountered for samples textured with dimples [15]. The surface roughness of the steel discs after the experiments was Ra ≈ 200 nm. The discs
  • detrimental effect by introducing a scale-like surface morphology for smaller sliding speeds was observed. Surface profilometry on the discs after the experiments revealed surface roughness values of Ra ≈ 250 nm, demonstrating that the discs became slightly rougher. Occasional signs of adhesive wear events
  • friction coefficient for the steel-on-ceramic contact are significantly larger compared to the steel and polymer counter bodies presented above. This might be due to the significantly larger surface roughness of the aluminium oxide discs compared to the PEEK and 100Cr6 ones. Unfortunately, it is
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Published 26 Sep 2018

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)1−x(MnSb)x alloy

  • Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
  • Elena I. Nekhaeva,
  • Alexey V. Kochura,
  • Alexander B. Davydov,
  • Mikhail A. Shakhov,
  • Sergey F. Marenkin,
  • Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
  • Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
  • Alexander L. Vasiliev,
  • Boris A. Aronzon and
  • Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

Graphical Abstract
  • 150 nm and the surface roughness does not exceed 6 nm. This is in a good agreement with the data presented in Table 1, which were estimated from the duration of the deposition process. The image analysis confirms a homogeneous composition throughout the film thickness without any substantial contrast
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Published 14 Sep 2018

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

  • Roberto Guarino,
  • Gianluca Costagliola,
  • Federico Bosia and
  • Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

Graphical Abstract
  • simulation from a Gaussian statistical distribution (to account for surface roughness) with mean values denoted with µs(m) and µk(m), respectively. The standard deviation on the local coefficients of friction are denoted with σµs and σµk, respectively. If the block i is at rest, the static friction force Ffr
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Published 13 Sep 2018

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co3O4 photocathode

  • Malkeshkumar Patel and
  • Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

Graphical Abstract
  • focused ion beam system (FIB, FEI, Quanta 3D FEG). The elemental compositions in the cross sections of the Co3O4 layers in the working electrode were determined as line profiles by an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attachment to the FETEM. Thickness and average surface roughness of the deposited
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Published 12 Sep 2018

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

  • Hendrikje R. Neumann and
  • Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

Graphical Abstract
  • situated on the grain boundaries. Droplet size is a function of surface roughness Figure 4 presents the diameter distribution of micelle solution droplets for each sample. The droplets on poly-Si have a comparable size with a tight variation range of only about 5 µm. The distribution is symmetric, whereby
  • automatically determined average surface roughness, Ra, for each area, sputtered NiTi (sample shown in (E)) has the highest roughness and poly-silicon (A) is the smoothest sample. Boxchart of nanoparticle separation distance in the center of microcircles for each substrate material, as determined by a nearest
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Published 04 Sep 2018

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

  • Evelyne Salançon and
  • Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

Graphical Abstract
  • probably also the surface roughness. Moreover, the very small aperture range, our particular focus, was not explored in this work. When high back-pressure is applied to the filling fluid, we showed in a previous article that the fluid meniscus follows an air-flow Poiseuille law [14] enabling the size of
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Published 16 Aug 2018

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

  • Andrea Vanossi,
  • Dirk Dietzel,
  • Andre Schirmeisen,
  • Ernst Meyer,
  • Rémy Pawlak,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Marcin Kisiel,
  • Shigeki Kawai and
  • Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

Graphical Abstract
  • the relative lateral motion of bodies in contact, and the related dissipation phenomena are being investigated extensively due to their importance in applications, from everyday life to advanced technology. At the macroscopic scale, friction between sliding bodies depends on their surface roughness
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Published 16 Jul 2018

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Emre Gürdal,
  • Simon Dickreuter,
  • Fatima Noureddine,
  • Pascal Bieschke,
  • Dieter P. Kern and
  • Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

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  • diameter distribution, which is indicated by the error bars in Figure 3. Since in reality the particles are irregular and exhibit some surface roughness, the equivalent diameters underestimate the maximum outer diameter, and thus the minimum gap sizes to neighbouring particles may be even smaller than
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Published 12 Jul 2018

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si1−xGex and Si layers

  • Richard Daubriac,
  • Emmanuel Scheid,
  • Hiba Rizk,
  • Richard Monflier,
  • Sylvain Joblot,
  • Rémi Beneyton,
  • Pablo Acosta Alba,
  • Sébastien Kerdilès and
  • Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

Graphical Abstract
  • good agreement with previous results obtained by our research group [26]. Concerning the surface roughness, tapping mode AFM analysis provided arithmetic averages Ra of about 1.2 Å (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). However, in view of its application for DHE experiments, it is necessary to
  • surface roughness, we used ethanol instead of ultrapure water as rinsing solvent [28]. We performed multiple cycles of etching processes on in situ boron-doped Si layers (grown on top of Si substrates) with continuous monitoring of the removed thickness (by ellipsometry measurements) and the surface
  • /cm2, the observed structure is identical to that found in the as-implanted sample with the SiGe layer being almost fully crystalline (and having a surface roughness of about 1 nm). This suggests that the laser energy density used in these cases is always lower than the threshold value necessary to
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Published 05 Jul 2018

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

  • Can Zhao,
  • Yuexiao Song,
  • Tianyu Xiang,
  • Wenxiu Qu,
  • Shuo Lou,
  • Xiaohong Yin and
  • Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

Graphical Abstract
  • increasing concentration of DA (Figure S2A–D, Supporting Information File 1). After the heat treatment at 800 °C, Co nanoparticles embedded in the rough and porous carbon layer are observed (Figure S2E–H, Supporting Information File 1). The surface roughness is observed to reduce with decreasing
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Published 13 Jun 2018

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

  • Yi-Ru Huang,
  • Yao-Ching Chiu,
  • Kuan-Chieh Huang,
  • Shao-Ying Ting,
  • Po-Jui Chiang,
  • Chih-Ming Lai,
  • Chun-Ping Jen,
  • Snow H. Tseng and
  • Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

Graphical Abstract
  • are shown in Figure 2. The results show the surface roughness and surface height distribution of the three samples. Figure 2a, Figure 2d, and Figure 2g show the three-dimensional AFM images of AAO60, AAO70, and AAO80, respectively. Figure 2d shows the overall structure and structural integrity of the
  • reflected by the surface roughness of LEDs. RCWA analysis indicated that surface plasmon waves are not involved in LEE enhancement. Experimental To produce a typical LED chip with a single-sided PSS, InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs were grown on c-plane (0001)-oriented PSSs using a metal–organic chemical vapor
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Published 30 May 2018

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

  • Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
  • Alexandre Merlen,
  • Jiawei Zhang,
  • Chahinez Dab,
  • Gregory Q. Wallace,
  • François Lagugné-Labarthet and
  • Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

Graphical Abstract
  • laser onto a gold tip. A schematic of the experimental setup can be found elsewhere [37]. The elastically backscattered signal detected by a PMT was studied here. To obtain a tip with a radius down to 10 nm and low surface roughness, the gold tips were fabricated by electrochemical etching. A 100 µm
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Published 23 May 2018

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

  • Christopher C. Glover,
  • Jason P. Killgore and
  • Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

Graphical Abstract
  • large normal stiffness to the AFM tip. Here we have neglected surface roughness, which will provide an upper bound to the fluid stiffness that is experimentally achievable. To estimate the vertical lift force and subsequent film stiffness generated by the surface water layer, we utilize a simple slider
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Published 21 Mar 2018

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

  • Joseph C. Cremaldi and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

Graphical Abstract
  • superhydrophobic functionality of the surface. In doing so, the rolling drops pick up or absorb particulates and dirt, cleaning the leaf. The superhydrophobic behavior is caused by a combination of hierarchical surface roughness at the nanometer and microscale combined with an epicuticular wax coating [32]. The
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Published 19 Mar 2018

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO2 grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

  • Silvia Vangelista,
  • Rossella Piagge,
  • Satu Ek and
  • Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

Graphical Abstract
  • atmosphere by using a graphite dome. Thickness, interface and surface roughness, and electronic density have been determined by data fitting using the MAUD software program [24]. MAUD has also been used for Rietveld refinement of GIXRD patterns, allowing to determine CeO2 cell parameter and crystallite size
  • the Ce(thd)4 molecules do not effectively diffuse onto the substrate surface and the surface coverage on the TiN or Si substrates remains strictly connected to the surface roughness, which is higher on the TiN surface (compared to Si). We should keep in mind that the sticking coefficient of Ce(thd)4
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Published 15 Mar 2018

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

  • Katja Höflich,
  • Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
  • Katarzyna Madajska,
  • Maximilian Götz,
  • Luisa Berger,
  • Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
  • Caspar Haverkamp,
  • Iwona Szymanska and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

Graphical Abstract
  • precursor flux is slightly lower. The square deposits show the earlier observed surface roughness for both of the precursors. The corresponding EDX quantification points to an even higher silver content in case of the AgO2F5Prop precursor, while the small amount of oxygen is comparable. The determined
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Published 08 Mar 2018

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

  • Olga V. Sinitsyna,
  • Georgy B. Meshkov,
  • Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
  • Alexander A. Antonov,
  • Inna G. Grigorieva and
  • Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

Graphical Abstract
  • and hydrogen peroxide solution, the surface became gray and matte, which indicated a significant change in the surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy of the HAPG surface before and after the treatment Raman spectra, recorded from the ordered regions on the HAPG surface before and after the treatment
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Published 02 Feb 2018

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

  • Stefan Fringes,
  • Felix Holzner and
  • Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

Graphical Abstract
  • of the confining surfaces can be determined. By tilting the sample, the phase difference was minimized using the cross-correlation of the corner to the center signals. The optical path difference between glass and substrate varies because of the inherent surface roughness of the contributing
  • measured surface roughness values. During the measurements described in the subsequent sections, thermal drift and pressure changes may lead to a deflection of the relatively compliant cover glass. These deflections are compensated by implementing a closed-loop system, that registers changes in the
  • = 0.61d (black) and in the middle of the slit h = 0.5d (gray). The asymmetric height leads to merely 1.5% lower diffusion coefficients and cannot explain the 20–50% lower diffusivity measured. We also exclude that the localization due to surface roughness is the predominant factor for this reduction
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Published 26 Jan 2018

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Jana Andzane and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Graphical Abstract
  • difficult to fabricate due to their high intrinsic stress, large surface roughness and grain size, inherent porosity, and low strength. To date, there are rather few reports on metallic NEM switches [17][18][114][115]. Molybdenum is attractive as a NEM switch material due to its high melting temperature
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Published 25 Jan 2018

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

  • Baeckkyoung Sung and
  • Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

Graphical Abstract
  • modulus, porosity, surface roughness, and local anisotropy [102]. LC hydrogels and implants in nematic and smectic-A phases LC-ordered anisotropic gels have great potential to be directly applied to regenerative medicine therapeutics, due to their intrinsic tissue compatibility. Thermally or
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Published 18 Jan 2018

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

  • Alexey D. Bolshakov,
  • Alexey M. Mozharov,
  • Georgiy A. Sapunov,
  • Igor V. Shtrom,
  • Nickolay V. Sibirev,
  • Vladimir V. Fedorov,
  • Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
  • Maria Tchernycheva,
  • George E. Cirlin and
  • Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

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  • the field of photovoltaics. In case of silicon-based solar cells (SCs), reflection can be reduced from 30% (pure Si) down to 3% without deposition of multilayer antireflection coatings or involvement of complicated postgrowth techniques generally used for modification of the SC surface roughness [9
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Published 15 Jan 2018

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

  • Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
  • Lukasz Skowronski,
  • Ewa Górecka,
  • Jakub Kierdaszuk and
  • Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

Graphical Abstract
  • [13][14]. The SPP wave propagation length depends on the permittivity of the metal film, but also on its surface roughness, which is responsible for scattering losses. Thin silver layers deposited on glass substrates usually exhibit an island growth [15]. One way of fabricating smooth and thermally
  • (AFM) scans show that the grain size indeed decreases when the Ag layer is deposited on a Ge wetting film (Figure 2b) with respect to the non wetted film (Figure 2a), which is in consistency with the previous findings [4][19][20][22][24]. Table 1 shows the AFM- and XRR-derived surface roughness root
  • measurements performed 3 days after deposition, which indicates that with time, the surface roughness of the silver films has increased. This is likely because of the slight movement of the silver grains due to the migration of the Ge atoms to the subsurface grain boundaries. The XRR data for the samples
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Published 08 Jan 2018

Exploring wear at the nanoscale with circular mode atomic force microscopy

  • Olivier Noel,
  • Aleksandar Vencl and
  • Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2662–2668, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.266

Graphical Abstract
  • less than 100 nm) [26]. The surface roughness, Ra, of the samples, determined from AFM topographic images of 5 × 5 µm, is 2.9 ± 0.6 nm. Wear experiments were performed with the CM-AFM mode implemented on a DI-3100 Nanoscope V controller Bruker AFM, in air, at ambient temperature and at a relative
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Published 11 Dec 2017

Interface conditions of roughness-induced superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces immersed in hexadecane and ethylene glycol

  • Yifan Li,
  • Yunlu Pan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2504–2514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.250

Graphical Abstract
  • affect the effective value of slip length in measurements. Moreover, there are no studies on the effect of roughness on slip at interfaces between oil and superoleophilic/superoleophobic surfaces. A theoretical description of the real surface roughness is yet to be found. Results show that the effective
  • slip length is negative and decreases with an increasing root mean squared (RMS) roughness of surfaces, as the increasing roughness enhances the area with discontinuous slip at the solid–liquid interface. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed. The amplitude parameters of surface roughness could
  • degrees of roughness, and demonstrated that surface roughness at different length scales seems to influence the additional slippage. Kunert and Harting [20] investigated the problem of roughness-induced slip by means of lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations and measured the slip length on a randomly generated
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Published 27 Nov 2017

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Julie A. Spencer,
  • Michael Barclay,
  • Miranda J. Gallagher,
  • Robert Winkler,
  • Ilyas Unlu,
  • Yung-Chien Wu,
  • Harald Plank,
  • Lisa McElwee-White and
  • D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

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  • -line leveling, surface roughness, profile extraction and 3D rendering was carried out with Pico Image Basic 5.0.2 software. Deposition, characterization and treatment of FEBID structures in the FIB Nova 200 system In these experiments, FEBID was performed on a FIB Nova 200 dual beam microscope (FEI
  • %) with no deposit damage or void formation. In a Cu example, Miyazoe et al. [27] investigated H2–Ar microplasma effects on FEBID deposits created from Cu(hfac)2. Postgrowth purification resulted in an increase in Cu content from ≈12% to 27%, coupled with a volume decrease and an increase in surface
  • roughness. Wnuk et al. [28] subjected deposits created from Me2Au(acac) to AH and/or atomic oxygen (AO). AH removed all of the O atoms and the majority of C atoms from the deposit while AO removed all of the C atoms far more efficiently than AH, but with some accompanying Au oxidation. However, exposure to
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Published 15 Nov 2017
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